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fliolDgraphk} 

ScMices 

Corporation 


ip 


«' 


23  WKT  MAIN  STMIT 

Wllsm,N.Y.  USM 

(71«)I72-4S03 


#^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 


,  .J"' 


Canadian  Instituta  for 


Hltoricl  Mlc«r.pr.duc.l.n.  /  ln.tKut  c.n.dl.n  d.  mlcrortproductlon.  hl«ori,u» 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notaa  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I     I   Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagAe 


r~~|   Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


Couverture  restaurte  et/ou  peiliculAe 

Cover  t'tie  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I     I   Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gAographiques  en  couleur 


□   Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

p~|   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Rail*  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reiiure  serrie  peut  causer  de  i'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  aJoutAes 
lore  d'une  restauratlon  apparalssent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atalt  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  AtA  filmies. 


[T^  Additional  comments:/ 

IzSi   Commentaires  suppMmentaires.- 


D 
D 


D 


/V\*f 


/WUt 


mJ) 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'U  lui  a  AtA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  oet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibiiographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


I     I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagAes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  peiiiculAes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dteoiortes,  tachet6es  ou  piquAes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachtes 

Showthroughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  inAgaie  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppi^mentaire 


I — I  Pages  damaged/ 

I — I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~n  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I     I  Pages  detached/ 

I     I  Showthrough/ 

I     I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

|~~|  Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmtes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  mellleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  rMuction  indlquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

aox 

X 

12X 

itx 

20X 

a«x 

28X 

32X 

tails 
I  du 
odifier 
'  una 
maga 


Tha  copy  filmad  hara  has  baan  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library  of  Congrass 
Photoduplication  Sarvice 

Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibfa  consldaring  tha  condition  and  iagibiiity 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacifications. 


L'axampiaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grAca  it  la 
gAnArositA  da: 

Library  of  Congrass 
Photoduplication  Servica 

Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  AtA  roproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattatA  da  l'axampiaira  film*,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


IS 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  Illustratad  Imprassion. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  — ^  (maaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  y  (maaning  "END"), 
whichavar  applias. 

Maps,  platas,  charts,  ate  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  raduction  ratios.  Thosa  too  larga  to  ba 
antlraly  includad  in  ona  axposura  ara  filmad 
baginning  in  tha  uppar  iaft  hand  cornar,  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framas  as 
raqulrad.  Tha  following  diagrams  iliustrata  tha 
mathod: 


Las  axamplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papiar  ast  imprimte  sont  filmte  an  commanpant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  ampralnta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  filmte  an  commandant  par  la 
pramlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  ampralnta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
ampralnta. 

Un  das  symbolas  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
darniAra  imaga  da  chaqua  microficha,  salon  la 
cas:  la  symbola  — ►  signifia  "A  SUIVRE",  la 
symbols  V  signifia  "FIN". 

Las  cartas,  p!anchas,  tablaaux,  ate,  pauvant  Atra 
fllmte  d  das  taux  da  reduction  diffArants. 
Lorsqua  la  documant  ast  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  an  un  saul  clichA,  11  ast  film*  A  partir 
da  i'angia  supAriaur  gaucha,  da  gaucha  A  drolta, 
at  da  haut  an  bas,  an  pranant  la  nombra 
d'imagas  nAcassaira.  Las  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrant  la  m6thoda. 


arrata 
I  to 

t 

I  palura, 

on  A 


n 


1  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

jjilffMimi 


^- 


M 


Eatwed,  aeoording  to  Act  of  Congmi,  in  the  year  XS73,  ^ 

'  J.  J.  MOORMAN,  M.D., 

I&  die  Office  of  the  Ubnikui  of  Congmi  at  Waahington. 


im 


ItirriNcoTT't  Paatt, 

PniLADBLPHlA. 


I 


^ 


I 


.-if:' 


.  i»«.-,j(**Ji?P'- 


-«UB 


lit  I  iiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiflar  ifilBai  -  ir  - 


<\.  *aE"s! 


•••IWBifUJIBippWJH 


1  iiwimiiii  M 


IH'I'IIPM 


TO  THE   PUBLIC. 


For  more  than  thirty-five  years  I  have  given  special 
attention  to  the  investigation  of  the  nature  and  medi- 
cinal applicability  of  mineral  waters.  During  this  time 
I  have  resided,  throughout  the  watering  season,  at  the 
White  Sulphur  Springs,  where,  in  the  character  of  phy- 
sician to  the  springs,  I  have  enjoyed  amplfe  opportuni- 
ties of  witnessing  the  various  and  modified  effects  of 
the  water  in  almost  every  variety  of  disease  and  state 
of  the  system. 

Although  my  attention,  during 'this  time,  has  been 
particularly  directed  to  the  investigation  of  the  char- 
acter of  the  water  of  that  spring,  I  have  ftot  neglected 
the  other  valuable  waters  of  the  country,  nor  fiuled  per- 
sonally to  observe  and  appreciate  their  various  peculi- 
arities, and  their  relative  and  positive  merits. 

While  my  position  has  enabled  me  to  witness  the 
virtues  of  mineral  waters  in  diseases,  it  has,  at  the 
same  time,  fully  satisfied  me  not  only  that  their  good 
effects  are  often  lost,  but  that  consequences  highly  in- 
jurious firequently  result  from  their  injudicious  use. 

Impressed  with  the  importance  of  arresting  the  abuse 
of  the  White  Sulphur  waters,  and  of  leading  to  a  more 

(7) 


— <«i 


Wfel 


Mm 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 


correct  adminittration  of  them,  I  pabliihed,  in  1839, 
a  pamphlet  designed  as  a  "  Directory"  for  the  use  of 
these  waters.  It  was  with  diffidence  I  undertook  this 
pioneer  effort  in  a  field  so  entirely  unexplored ;  for,  al- 
though thousands  of  invalids  had,  for  more  than  half  a 
century,  annually  resorted  to  these  waters,  up  to  the 
period  of  issuing  the  "  Directory"  not  a  line  had  ever 
1>een  published  relative  to  their  medicinal  applica- 
bility, or  the  proper  methods  of  prescribing  them. 

Satisfied  from  experience  that  the  little  <^!wf  alluded 
to  was  not  without  beneficial  effects  in  gttiding  to  a 
more  prudent  use  of  the  waters,  I  published,  in  1846, 
•  small  volume  entitled  "  Virginia  Springs,"  designed 
to  embrace  what  was  then  known  of  the  various  mineral 
springs  in  Virginia. 

In  1855,  and  again  in  1857,  new  and  enlarged  editions 
of  the  work  were  issued.  In  1859,  the  previous  editions 
having  been  exhausted,  a  new  one,  much  enlarged,  and 
embracing  not  only  the  Virginia  Springs,  but  also  the 
qirings  of  the  Soothem  and  Western  States,  was  issued, 
under  the  title  of  the  "  Virghda  :^t^  and  Springs  tf 
Ae  SoiMt  and  Wat"  This  was  followed,  in  1867,  by  a 
larger  and  more  comprehensive  volume,  entitled  **  Min- 
eral Springs  of  the  United  Suites  ami  Canada."  Since 
the  publication  of  that  work,  important  minend  waten 
in  various  parts  of  the  United  States  have  come  faito 
practical  use;  some  possessing  medicinal  applicabili- 
ties of  admitted  value,  and  many  claiming  valuable 
tlmapentic  powers  that  make  them  worthy  of  gfneral 
notice.  These  facts,  in  connection  with  the  obviously 
growing  importance  in  the  public  mind  of  mineral 


# 


,  in  1839, 
:he  use  of 
rtook  this 
I ;  for,  al- 
um half  a 
ip  to  the 
had  ever 
applica- 
then, 
ff  alluded 
ding  to  a 
,  in  1846, 
designed 
•  mineral 

i  editions 
8  editions 
rged,and 
tabothe 
as  issued, 

8<7,  b]r  a 
td  **MiH^ 
"  Since 
ral  waters 
;oine  faito 
iplicabUi- 
valuable 
if  gfneral 
oMoosly 
'  mineral 


ir 


TO  THE  PUBLIC.  9 

waters  generally  as  remedial  agents,  and  the  suggestion 
of  many  kind  friends,  induce  me  to  bring  out  the  present 
volume,  under  the  title  of  "  Mtneral  Springs  of  North 
Ameriea." 

A  gratifying  public  appreciation  and  generous  de- 
mand  for  my  previous  volumes,  encourage  me  to  hope 
that  the  present  one  will  be  an  acceptable  addition  to 
our  very  limited  spring  literature. 

In  a  notice  so  extensive  of  mineral  fountains,  with 
the  exception  of  those  of  which  I  have  a  personal 
knowledge,  I  have  necessarily  had  to  depend  largely 
upon  the  observations  and  writings  of  others ;  and,  in 
this  connection,  I  desire  to  express  my  obligations  es- 
pecially to  the  labors  of  my  esteemed  friend.  Dr.  Bell, 
of  Philadelphia,  from  whose  works  and  correspondence 
I  have  derived  important  facilities. 

In  treating  of  springs  as  medicinal  ajg^ents  {^fiA  it  is 
in  that  point  of  view  only  that  I  have  proposed  to  treat 
of  them),  it  has  been  my  earnest  effort  to  present  them 
before  the  public  in  an  aspect  as  full  and  impartial  as 
was  possible.  So  far  as  the  author's  personal  knowledge 
and  experience,  or  reliable  information  obtained  from 
other  sources,  have  enabled  him  to  do  so,  he  has  dis- 
charged the  task  with  fidelity. 

In  some  instances  reliable  analyses  have  not  been 
niade  of  some  mineral-  fountains  whose  rising  impor- 
tance deserves  such  chemical  test.  Nor  have  these  fouU' 
tains,  as  yet,  fiimished,  from  observation,  such  record 
of  their  adqitations  as  is  desirable  in  forming  a  proper 
appreciation  of  their  merits ;  hence,  in  reference  to  the 
IHVcise  quality  and  adaptations  of  such  springs,  we  are 


'■^^^f??§S«*«*«*"^-" 


fl£ 


timm 


mm 


lo 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 


necessarily  left  to  inferences  basdd  upon  analogies  and 
somewhat  uncertain'  comparisons. 

The  absence  of  an  analysis  of  a  mineral  water  is  less 
to  be  regretted  if  a  fair  and  reliable  record  of  its 
virtues  and  appropriate  medical  uses  be  obtained;  for 
it  is  only  by  multiplied  facts,  that  is,  by  es^erienee  of 
its  use,  that  we  can  speak  positively  of  its  effects.  This 
being  so,  it  is  of  especial  importance  that  there  should 
be  an  intelligent  resident  physician  at  each  fountain, 
who  would  make  it  his  duty  carefully  to  note  the  char- 
acter of  the  various  diseases  submitted  to  its  use,  and 
the  effects  of  the  water  up<m  each  case.  Under  such  a 
iqrstem,  each  fountain  would  soon  establish  a  reliable 
rtevrd  for  itself;  the  invalid  would  be  greatly  assisted  in 
his  selection  of  the  proper  agent  to  which  he  should 
resort,  and  the  just  character  of  each  water  be  "properly 
understood,  and  placed  upon  a  firm  and  stable  founda- 
tion. This  field  of  observation  offers  large  and  exciting 
motives  to  a  proper  medical  ambition;  for  such,  as  a 
general  thing,  has  hitherto  been  the  wild  and  hiq>* 
hazird  empiricism  in  the  use  of  mineral  waters  in 
America,  and  such  is  the  importance  of  so  classifying 
and  syttemiiing  their  uses  that  they  may  be  psescrtbed 
midefstandingly  and  safely,  that  he  who  msy  coatrib- 
ttte  to  this  end,  and  thus  nrnder  them  the  safe,  certain, 
iad  effective  remedies  thejr  were  designed  to  be  by  a 
beneficent  Providence,  may  wdl  fed  thirt  belUHi  neiUm 
li^  nor  labored  in  vain  in  his  generation. 

Iw^ll  <mlyadd  that  I  have  endeavored)  in  i|etting 
up  this  wM-k,  to  adhere  to  the  plain,  unaaramii^^  pnie- 
tical  method,  which  was,  I  think,  a  chanctcH^  di»<- 


Sv??r*^%r^i*j,^.^i^-i^S^£iS^:«*=^:''*"»  ^ 


* 


logics  and 

Iter  is  less 
>nl  of  its 
dned;  for 
^erienee  tf 
cts.  This 
;re  should 
fountain, 
the  char- 
i  use,  and 
iersocha 
a  reliaUe 
lasisted  in 
be  should 
s  'properly 
lefounda- 
1  exciting 
luch,  is  a 
and  hq>* 
•raters  in 
:la8sifyiflg 
Mcscrtbed 
f  coatrib- 
s,  certain, 
»  be  bja 
asaeiUicr 

n^jjetttng 
ii^^prae- 
tMcdi*!- 


TO  THB  PUBLIC. 


XI 


tinction  of  my  previous  volumes,  and  perhaps  their 
chief  merit. 

It  has  been  my  earnest  desire  to  place  in  the  hands 
of  the  public,  and  especially  of  invalids,  a  short  and 
easy,  but  a  condensed  and  comprehensive,  account  of 
the  mineral  springs  of  the  American  continent,  and  ,to 
Indicate  with  candor,  and  with  as  much  plainness  as 
possible,  their  nature  and  medicinal  applicability. 

Wherever  I  could,  with  advantage  to  the  public,  I 
have  availed  myself  of  the  observations  of  others,  and 
I  claim  at  the  hands  of  my  readers  this  award  of  merit 
at  least :  tf  hamng  lumestfy  endttawred  to  make  n^ 
fmmbU  Mors  eonvement  tmd  fraetUaify  vabtaiU  to 
^um;  not  by  dazzling  but  uncertain  theories,  nor  by 
creating  hopes  that  might  end  in  sad  disappointment, 
but  by  plain,  practical  facts  in  relation  to  the  nature 
and  proper  uses  of  our  various  mineral  waters. 

In  arranging  the  matter  for  the  volume,  I  shall  treat 
of  the  waters  under  the  heads  of  the  States  in  which 
they  are  respectively  found ;  and  have  preferred  to  in- 
troduce the  States  rather  in  the  order  of  their  mkunil 
water  similitudes  than  in  the  usual  geographical  or 
political  order  in  which  they  are  generally  made  to 
stand.  Hence  I  shaU  fost  treat  of  the  watera^of  Vir- 
ginia and  West  Virginia,  and  of  the  Western  and  Soitth- 
em  States;  and  then  of  those  of  the  North  and  East, 
commoBcingwith  the  great  mineral  water  State  of  He«r 

York. 

I  have  intentionally  avoided  in  this,  as  in  my  i»evi- 
otts  volumes,  all  criticiMins  upon  the  improvcmokts  ni 
nptk^  ^operty,  or  of  the  rbaracter  of  the  acc<»BBie- 


iriHIpa 


^ 


It 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 


dations  at  the  wireral  springs.  Such  criticism,  in  a 
printed  vdume  intended  for  reftrence  long  after  its 
issue  from  the  press,  would  be  likely  to  mislead,  and 
probably  do  great  injustice ;  inasmuch  as  improvements, 
now  fiuilty,  may,  befinre  the  next  season,  be  rendered 
Tcry  comfortable,  and  bad  hotel  aocommodationa  aie 
often  unended  in  a  day  by  a  change  of  landlord  or 
manager.  liiMtii&iitnahtrtamlmediemali^ipiiemUlitf 
of  mineral  waters  that  I  have  felt  called  up<m  to  write; 
and  this  I  have  done  without  prejudice*  fear,  or  fevor; 
having  no  interest,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  any  of  the 
qwingi,  and  influenced  alone  in  myestimation  <tf  them 
hf  perseaal  obsemmtion,  or,  when  this  \m  been  want* 
fag,  from  the  most  relidde  information  I  could  obtidn. 
I  mok  not  vain  enough  to  suppose  that  none  (rf  my 
opinions  are  erroneous:  to  «t  is  both  human  and  com* 
moa;  bitt  iqitm  the  honest  integrity  with  iriiidi  they 
have  been  formed,  the  invalid,  the  profession,  and  the 
Ipenend  paUic  may  rely. 

J.  J.  KOOUIAH. 

Watrra  4ULPHOK  Srtnias.  W.  Va^ 
liaid>,iS7s. 


»*-v/TSti*;  .-Jifev-^' --H 


■j.ii'iritiiBi<iaari,'i.v 


Bail! 
tn 

•n 


RtM 

Al 
% 
of 


Loa 
fa 
O 

to 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

MnnntAi.  watsis  m  onnftAL. 

Bartjr  Um  Ot,  aiai>-Esperi«ot  Oe  ooljr  OvU»  ia  Ot  Adoiiai*- 
tntiaa— Madlaal  Eflkaof— If  odvs  Opanadi,  tto.— Lngfli  of 
Thaetob»Ui»<   OnnwlltwiiMtoaaAiwIilHwillnB  ........    « 

CHAPTER  IL 
mNBkAI.  WATBU  IN  OINBKAL  (COHTIWUIP). 

R«itwtiWwipe  of  MMM  Miaenl  Walan  to  Mttcaxf—'Bnan  aad 
Abnn  oT  MUaaral  Watan,  Mb— ChMfiiC  frOM  flprtag  to 
aprii^^--Dw  Dlat,Ejwteiw  Bwt  TIhw  fcr  Uilm  Iwmti 
01  Thao  to  pa  UiadiatCi ^••■•#«»»»>««»«»««—wm»w tif»   35 

.  CHAPTER  HI. 
vn  or  MBDKiinn  ams  DimjtBMT  mimsbal  watbu. 
MiBml  WoMiWiiM  Batt  PMod  of  tfM  Yaar  te  !■• 


valMa  to  Viiit  «ia  l^;chi|a>, 


••••••  •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••I 


CHAPTER  IV. 
WMT  naiOMiA  AMD  vnonnA  snuiras. 
I  to  ttM  Waat  Vli|liki  woA  Vhyiila  8|ni(k«aaaa«raM 

CHAPTBRV.    ■ 

wHi'iw  niLnnni  inumik 

Loaaitai  aad  GaMMl  Pkjpriod  OHiMiifliiki— Ilsaifai«tfi  aari* 

ftandf  ttia  iaaM^-Doat  aot  loaa  Hi  Simcai  fesr  paniaff  «Mi  Hi 

Oai    Doaaaotaifaia  to8aHaa*aaQatiaaiat-niCk»t<al 

t»  IWi-I<8  Eailr  HMatr-«aovato  iba  ladtai*  aaa  "  MM- 

(«3) 


.TSmSSimr, 


mMMi 


14 


CONTENTS. 


cine  Water"— Ftat  vaed  bjr  the  WUtet  ia  177S— Pragicfs  of 
Iraprovenenlf,  and  praient  CoDditioa— Andyict  of  Mr.  Hexes 
■ad  FrofBMor  Rogetti ^    g, 

CHAPTER  VI. 

THB  SELATIVB  TIKTVU  OF  THB  SAUIH  AND  OASlCKn 
CONTBMTS  OF  TSUt  WHITE  tULPBUIl  WATU.. ..    71 

CHAPTER  VII. 

OBNBKAI.  DIUCnOMS    FOR  THE  UIE  OF  THE  WHITB 
SULPHUft  WATER. 

XNrectioiis  raceat  to  be  Genend,  aot  SpecUlo— Matt  aot  look  to 
the  Sensibk  Operettons  of  the  Water  for  iti  Beet  Effect*— 
Moderate  or  Small  Quaathiea  Generally  Piefcnble— NeoeiMuy 
PreparatioBs  of  the  SjrMem  for  dw  Uie  of  the  Water-Sensible 
Medidaal  Effiscts  of  die  Water— EfliBcto  «i  the  Pidse— Synopsis 
«f  Roles  to  be  Ofaservwl-Use  of  Badis. ..„.„ si 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


DUBASES  IK  WHICH  THE  WHITB  SUU-HVE  WATER  MAT, 
OR  MAY  NOT,  BE  USEFUIXT  FREICRIBn>. 

Djispsiisla    OaiUalgla— Water-Braifc-Chioafc)  Oastro-Entariiis 
f— Diseases  <rf  die  Liver-^Janndioe—^daisenieat  of  die  Spleea 

V  — Ouoaic  Inilatfoo  of  the  Bowels-^Cosdveness— POae— Dto- 
eases  of  dw  Urinary  Orgaa»-Ou«ale  Indammadtm  of  die  KM- 
aqn—Diabetes— Female  Diseases:  Amenorrbosa,  DyMnaaor. 
riMM.f:iiloiosis,  LenmrrhoBA-ChfonieAieetiaMardMBMia— 
Mervons  Disease*— PsnAyds—Some  Forms  itfOiraidc  Dbsasea 
of  die  Chest,  or  fteast  Complaints  (to  be  a«oidsd  la  Pdmo- 
■aiy  CoBsoapdon)— BroBdiids-Cluoaic  Diiaasasof  dieSlda. 
Fkoiiosis,  Lepra,  Ul-eoMHdoaed  UIoan—Rhettmattam  and  Goat 
— Drafisias— S«nAda^MefCttrial  rusasss  Ti|ilpiiai 
'mm*  la  InsbiJbtsft-BSbcissipoa  OeOptaa-catHa-ltaito 
be  Used  hi  Diseases  of  die  Heart,  or  la  Sctariras  aad  Qmosi^ 
Omlybeate  Spring  at  die  White  Snlpliar „„..    „ 

CHAPTWIX  ^ 

■ALT  «injpnm  •FRiNcs. 
taealMt,  etc-Aaaiyris  by  rrnfcsiw  Ram^-lfadhal  Appasa- 


faiiiqr«r«lMWaim 


!••••••#••••••••  »e«e9Mk»*«^»,*^«y,g«„^;,^,, 


Sitn 
ol 
ai 


The 

ai 


T 


Ani 
•    Pl 


Loc 
tl 


Loc 
i 

ii 


1  -- -,  Wrt^  >-«*JBi5>7a\«*oiira»  ,4tr'",i*  W*KW«*fl->w 


MWI 


IB 


si 


rcrs  of 
Hajres 


nom 


71 


•s 


M>l» 


'•taM        9^9 


CONTENTS,  15 

CHAPTER  X. 

.    XBD  SVLPHUE  SnUNOS. 

Locatkm— Analyib— Adaptatioii  to  DiieaMs,  etc.— New  River 
,     White  Sulphttr  Springs in 

CHAPTER  XI. 
swKXT  sntmos. 
Situation  and  Eeriy  History— Improyemente—Anelyiii    EUbcta 
of  tlie  Waters— Adaptation  of  the  Waters  as  a  Beverage  and 
as  a  Bath,  etc iiS 

CHAPTER  Xll. 

aWXBT  CHALYBBATX,  OE  KXD  tWBBT  SMlIIfaS. 

Their  Analysis—Natiire  and  Medicinal  Ad^rtations  of  this  Walen 
as  a  Barerafe  and  a  Bath— Artifldal  Warm  Badis.  etc. tm 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

HOT  SPItlNOS. 

Efltets  of  die  Waters  Internally  and  Eirtemally  used-analysis 
—Diseases  to  wfaidi  they  are  applicable— Spiecniatiotts  ob 
ThermalisatfcM,  etc. m 

CHAPTER  XIV. 
WAMi  SmiMGS. 
Analysis— Tfane  and  Manner  of  Usfaig— Diseases  tat  wUdi  Em> 
ployedf  etc ..■....•.••..•»»»..... m.........v«*«««    134 

CHAPTER  XV. 

9  BSiuuMo  miMai.  •.^ 

I  OBsHiwi  Anstyses  TlwrspeBtte  AcdoifDiBeasai  %at  whicb 
they  flMiy  be  PnsetnNdi  ete..*.*.*.. ...•...•.».*.•••■•.... .........mmm.   sjy 

CHAPTER  XVL 
EOCSBEIDGC  KUOVk  SPEIMOI. 
Locatioa    Analysis    ReaMuto  on  Analyrts    The  NaoM  Alum  a 
Misnomer,  etc.— Therapentic  Eflbets  of  the  Waters    Dissasss 
towMditbeyaieeayloyed— ThaJrBneeBstttMfcolsinSciipfclB   14X 
JeVQon  RocuNridga  Alnm  8piiny> .........  ..♦»..  .<).♦•»••»  ....4....  #**.#•    14'^ 


mm 


iSianaiiMHHI 


•iiWilMlPP* 


16 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

BATH  ALUM  SPRINOS. 

Aadjnto—ltiMaMa  and  States  of  the  System  in  which  thay  may 
be  Plesoribed,  eto«a>«.uu „    147 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

Rodtbridge  Baths. 

Cold  Sttlfiliar  Spring ]|    ,^ 

Variety  firings " 

StribUng^  Springs. „ „ [.' 


CHAPTER  XIX. 


'•'^wsfvis^BS^ES 


Rmriejr's  ^xing 

MassamitaSprinck ,... 

JOadaa'aWUtaSn^lnir  Springs ....-..„....!!    ^57 

CHAPTER  XX. 
BATH  OR  BBUUUCY  SPEUfOS. 


Bariy  Histaqr— Baths  and  Bathtag-Hoosas— Madieal  Piopartias 
6f  Oe  Wateis— Diseases  fnr  which  lued,  etc. 


Coiier's  Biadi  and  White  Sn^ihur  Springs. ^.  xtg 

Roanoke  Red  Si^ihiirSprii^i -  164 

Johnson's  Sprii^i. > „ ,.,  ,^ 

the  Bne  Ridge  Spri^....... ,„■;....  jg^ 

AHsghawy  C^riqp^ r....„„.. ...,„..„. lAj 

MontgoowrWhita  Solpbv... » ,,0 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

Yeaim  So^nr  ^)riflcs..k... „ .„.  tyx 

Pniasid  Akm  Spring... ,y^ 

Gtayaoo  Stdphur  Sprites. ,.. „....^  174 

HoktMi  Springs...... „ , ^ ^  lyft 

KimbeiBng  t^^riagi. ^96 


mmmm 


CONTENTS. 


«l 


riMW 
may 


ISO 

....„    151 
>•..»    X51 


X54 

IS« 
IS7 


»S9 
161 


...  164 

...  164 

...  164 

-  ««S 


....  t7X 

•••1  »74 

—  «74 

••-  »7S 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 

Fauquier  VHiite  SulidiuriSpttaigi........ v 17* 

Puiblo  Springs. X7> 

Huguenot  Springa.. ~  xSo 

New  London  Alum  Spring... > xSi 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 

•PEING8  or  KXNTOCKY. 

HwradilraiigT-Rochester— O^piaa— Blue  Lick— EaliU 1(3 

CHAPTER  XXV. 
MIMBRAL  SPKIMOS  OF  OHIO  AND  WDIAMA. 

Ohio  White  Sulphur. iN 

Ydlow  Spriogi. - 189 

FreBcfa  Lick  ^xingi,  Indiana 190 

CHAPTER  XXVI. 

SniNGS  or  MICHIGAN  AND  WISOONSIM. 

St  Louis  ^»ii«s,  Micfaigan.. 191 

Bctheida  8|ifings,  Wiscoasin,, 194 

CHAPTER  XXVIL 
snuNoa  or  rnmnsBB. 
White's  CiedcSpcing'-RobarlBoa'a— WladMster— BeenhetM^- 
Montvale— Tate's— Lm's— Sulphur  and  Chalybeate— Ahua 
Springs— Warn  Springs  on  ttie  ¥tmA  Broad....................    195 

CHAPTER  XXVUI. 

•niNQs  «v  Howm  carouna. 

• 

Warn  and  Hot  Springs  of  Btmwwnlwt   Sfcoooo  ^tprlngi   joiies 

Wbito  Salphwr  and  Chafybaale— Kitlndl's  Spriagk mo 

Snifter  Sprtegs,  CatnrhaCouiitjr^. M9 

CHAPTER  XXIX. 
anniaa  or  south  caeouna. 
(Bena't—Wcat'a— Springs  hi  Abbeville  and  Laurens  IMMrlels, 
etc— Chidi'a— WiBianslemi  Spriufi— ArteaiaB  Wdl  in 

••••a*  •••#•••••  •***««e»«  •■•••<{•«  ••«»•••••••  ••••  ••••••  ••«•«**••       B^V 


TTiiirwipi 


mmmm 


l8  CONTS/fTS. 

CHAPTER  XXX. 
•nuNos  or  obokoia. 
IwiHot    Ma^wo    Wann  SpriiigB~Oofdoii's-Qitoon^ifliigi 

CHAPTER  XXXI. 

•FklMaS  or  ALABAMA. 

BiMlm  SpriagK-BiUlejr'a  S|itiii(-.TUbl»tta  Spriagt. 


r*as 
aa6 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 
tnuMoi  or  MissuBipn. 
Coopar's  Wdl— Ooaaa  SprinfL 


Ack 


ai6 


CHAPTER  XXXIII. 

amiNOS    OP   AKKANIAS. 

Waihto  Hot  %)tiiip^ 

8prii«iof  Floffda. 


CHAPTER  XXXIV. 

MINIKAI.  ■PEIMOB  OP  NEW  YOKK. 

Bd  BaBKaa  Groop-CIanUiaukm  of  W«tew  Goo- 
logical  Podiiim-ThanBalitalioii  of  W«tm— Analyiis  otn- 
iioiitS|Miiip,flie... ~.......... 

CHAPTER  XXXV. 

Wn  TOtK  HIKBEAL  WATBKS  (OONnmOB). 

laqnopw  Um  of  tiM  Swstqga  Walan.  »ad  its  EWI»~Ii4iuioH 
Advioe  «a4  Bnonof  Opioioa  as  to  ti»  Natnn  Mkl  Iho  of 


«S 

•17 


«t 


>» •««••• ••••••••••«• •••••• 


MiBMSlWlOHI.. 

DiMuw  for  iMdi  tbe  Suataga  Walan  aar  bo  FivwriMU- 
ASwqr  Artedaa  Well— R«ed'$  lHaetal  Sprint— BaBodi'a 


>****#•••••••••••■•»••»••••■«•«»»»««« 


> •••••• •••••• •••«•• •*•••* 


n« 


CHAPTER  XXXVt 
MSW  YOXK  SULPaOR  VkOfOI. 


Bedfci 
Cha 


BkM 


dam 
gate 

Spri 


HopU 


■feitfy^Ktiiaiiaaiadam^as^^ 


i-  ^j   ■■■r«p;ni''  -'".^H 


,  fiTOiiinpirirF 


\^ 


'-•m 


CONTENTS. 


r*es 
ngi    aa6 


u6 


«S 

•17 


nr- 


«t 


of 


('• 


ns 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

MSW  VOKX.  SVLPIIUa  AND  AaDULOUl  miMOB. 

CUioa  Sprlagt— Chittnaago  apriiig»— MMsina  Sulphor  Spriap 
^M«idiai  Spriagf— Anbnin  Spriiy  Oi«pt»qu»  Sp(taf»— 
Hanowgate  Spring— Spting  at  Troy— Ncwbuig  Spring— 
^iringf  in  Dutdien  and  Colnmbia  CmutiM— CatsUll  Spring 
— Naatiooko  Spring— Dfjrdan  Spring- Rodiaitar  Spring  — 
Sprinp  ia  Moaioo  County:  G^aa,  Maadon, and  Ogdan 
Varona  Spring— Saiiaoit  Springs— flpriaga  in  Niagai*  County 
— Seneoa  or  Deer  lick  Spriapt— Oak  Oreiuurd  Add  tH^dnga— 
Acid  Spring  at  CUftoa— AdiroDdaA  Spring 145 

CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 

■PUNOS  or  nMHSTLVAIflA. 

Bedted  Springs— Gettjfiburg  Spring— Ftaakiirt  Miaeml  Spring! 
Chalybeate  Spring  near  Pitubmrg— York  l^xiags— Carlisle 
Springs— Perry  County  Springs— Doubiiag  dap  and  Chalyb* 
eate  Sprfags — Fqratte  %iriag— Bath  Oialybeate  Spriag- 
BhMsbuig  Spriag— Ephrata  Springs— •Ydhnr  Spriags-Cale- 
dooiaSpriagk............................................... ass 

CHAPTER  XXXIX. 

MnntAL  spuiiai  or  tbemomt. 

Ciat«Bdon  Gaseous  firings— NewiMUC  Si^dinr  Springs— Highc 
gateSpriags—AbbuifhSpri^^MisalsquoiSprtags— Vermont 
Springs   Alhi  i igh  Spriajfc W.W. ...... «....»«»...■.« «.«... ....«..»«»...    aM 

CHAPTER  XL. 

smnraa  or  MASSACRaiBin. 

HopUatoB  Spriags— Berinhirs  Soda  Spriag.<.»..>.^ V 

CHAPTER  XU. 

mnrai  or  ram.  jkubi  amd  maimb. 

SdMoley's  Monataia  Spring........ ; ....—.    a74 

iLubecSpiiaginllalae    l>^ltsrCha^^^«a*a  Spriag, ., ais 


■MUMMlii 


•4MiP 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTBR  XLII. 

MnmaAL  and  rmaiiAL  watiu  utwbbn  tmb  mis- 
nmm  and  tbb  rAanc  ocean. 

to  CkUfitrak—OragM— KaMu-N«w  M«aico~WnmiM— 
Utah.  tie. „ .TZT.... 

TOil*  •ibibidac  tha  TiMrmaUntkHi  of  the  Vuhmi  Wans  and 
Hot  Sprtafi  or  tba  United  SlatM  and  Ha  TonitoriM. 


•77 


CHAPTER  XUIL 

HINSKAI.  nVUm  OP  CANADA. 

Springs— CharloHanffle  Sprinf-St  CMIiaiina'a  Ar- 
Welli— Vamaw  Sfxinci—St  Laon  Spriaf— Plan- 
Sptinf— Gaxtoa  Sptii^ aM 


Early 
— ! 

Usi 

used 
kno) 
who 
watc 
dedi 
The; 
topii 
the 
man 
then 
this 
W 
renw 
over 
sprii 
whk 


.,,1  ji    ..ni.;     )  . 


!«r?^ 


1— i-^p  I  'i|ffiiiii<Wii^ifci8&»MHi 


-^'"    '"^^mk 


MINERAL   SPRINGS 

or 
NORTH   AMERICA. 


»pf; 


CHAPTER   I. 

MINERAL  WATERS    IN   GENERAL. 

Early  Use  of,  etc.— Experience  the  only  Guide  in  the  Administration 
—Medical  Efficacy— Modus  Operandi,  etc.— Length  of  Time  to  be 
Used — (xeneral  Remarks  on  Administration, 

Mineral  waters  rank  among. the  ancient  remedies 
used  for  the  cure  of  disease.  The  Greeks,  who  in 
knowledge  of  medicine  were  superior  to  the  nations 
who  had  preceded  them,  regarded  natural  medicated 
waters  as  a  special  boon  of  the  Deity,  and  piously 
dedicated  them  to  Hercules,  the  god  of  strength. 
They  used  them  for  drirtking,  and  for  general  and 
topical  bathing.  Hippocrates  was  acquainted  with 
the  value  and  uses  of  various  mineral  waters,  and 
many  other  Greek  physicians,  we  are  told,  employed 
them  for  numerous  diseases  for  which  they  are  used  at 
this  day. 

With  the  Romans,  mineral  waters  were  a  familiar 
remedy,  not  only  in  Italy,  but  in  all  the  countries 
over  which  that  nation  obtained  dominion.  Mineral 
springs  were  eagerly  sought  out  in  the  countries  over 
which  their  conquests  from  time  to  time  extended,  and 

3  (ai) 


•■ 


MINERAL   WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


prompted  by  "gratitude  for  the  benefit  which  they 
experienced  from  their  use,  they  decorated  them  with 
edifices,  and  each  fount  was  placed  under  the  protec- 
tion of  a  tutelary  deity."  {Bell.)  Pliny,  in  his  Natu- 
ral History^  treats  of  various  mineral  waters  and  their 
uses ;  and  it  is  a  fact  worthy  of  remark,  that  they  were 
highly  recommended  by  various  Roman  physicians,  in 
the  fifth  century,  in  the  same  diseases  for  which  they 
are  at  this  day  so  much  employed, — particularly  for 
nervous  and  rheumatic  diseases,  and  for  derangements 
of  the  liver,  stomach,  and  skin. 

With  the  modem  nations  of  civilized  Europe,  min- 
eral waters,  both  as  internal  and  external  remedies, 
have  always  been  held  in  high  estimation.  The 
national  regulations  that  have'from  time  to  time  been 
adopted  to  investigate  their  virtues  and  their  appropri- 
ate applicability,  and  to  guard  against  their  improper 
use,  sufficiently  manifest  the  importance  that  has  been 
attached  to  them  as  remedial  agents.  Henri  IV.,  we 
are  told,  "  during  his  youth  had  frequented  the  springs 
of  the  Pyrenees,  and  witnessing  the  abuses  in  the 
employment  of  so  useful  a  remedy,  sought  to  correct 
them  after  his  accession  to  the  throne  of  France.  He 
nominated,  by  edicts  and  letters-patent,  in  1603, 
superintendents  and  superintendents-general,  who  were 
charged  with  the  entire  control  over  the  use  of  mineral 
waters,  baths,  and  founuins  of  the  kingdoip.  Most  of 
the  inineral  springs  and  bathing  estoblishments  on  the 
continent  of  Europe  are  placed  under  a  somewhat  sim- 
ilar superintendence,  and  a  resident  physician  is  also 
Appointed  by  the  government."  (,BeU.) 

Although  mineral  waters  had  been  favorite  remedial 
agents  with  the  enlightened  nations  of  the  earth  for 
lotay  centuries,  it  was  comparatively  but  recently  that 
chemistry,  by  minute  analysis,  was  able  to  determine 
with  precision  their  constituent  parts. 

In  1670,  the  mineral  waters  of  France  were  first  fully 
analyzed  by  a  commission  appointed  by  the  Academy 


EXPERIl  XCE   THE  BEST  GUIDE. 


«3 


ich  thev 
tent  with 
I  protec- 
lis  Natu- 
nd  their 
liey  were 
cians,  in 
ich  they 
larly  for 
gements 

pe,  min- 
smedies, 
1.  The 
me  been 
ppropri- 
mproper 
tasbeen 
IV.,  we 
!  springs 
in  the 
correct 
ce.  He 
»  1603, 
'ho  were 
mineral 
Most  of 
B  on  the 
hat  sim- 
I  is  also 

emedial 
irth  for 
itly  that 
termine 

rst  fully 
cadepiy 


of  Sciences  at  Paris;  but  it  wns  not  until  1766,  nearly 
a  hundred  years  afterwards,  that  B;iyen  discovered  the 
means  of  separating  sdiphtir  from  sulphurous  waters, — 
nor  until  1774  hat  the  celdirated  Bergmann  demon- 
strated the  existence  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas. 
Meanwhile,  physicians  stationed  at  the  several  water- 
ing-places were  active  in  observing  and  noting  ttie  va- 
rious operations  of  the  different  waters  on  the  human 
system,  and  in  determining,  from  experience,  the  va- 
rious cases  in  which  they  were  beneficial  or  injurious. 

Experiente  the  only  sure  Guide  in  the  Administration, 
etc. — After  all  that  science  can  effect  in  determining 
the  component  parts  of  mineral  waters,  it  is  experience 
alone  in  their  use  that  can  be  fully  relied  upon  as  to 
their  specific  effects,  or  applicability  to  particular  dis- 
eases. Chemical  analysis  is  important  mainly  as  a 
matter  of  general  scientific  knowledge,  and  may  be  so 
far  practically  useful  to  the  physician  as  tr  enable  him 
to  form  correct  general  views  as  relatr^  X.o  the  nature 
and  powers  of  the  remedy ;  but  it  if  fallacious  to  sup- 
pose that  ati  analysis,  however  perfrct,  can  ever  enable 
the  physician,  in  the  present  statf  of  our  knowledge, 
and  in  the  absence  ef  practical  observation,  to  prescribe 
a  mineral  water  with  confidence  or  safety.  An  accu- 
rate knowledge  of  the  component  parts  of  mineral 
waters  might  do  much,  I  admit,  to  prevent  the  incessant 
mistakes  and  mischief  which  medical  men  commit  in 
sending  their  patients,  hap-hatard,  to  drink  mineral 
waters  which  are  often  unadapted  to  their  cases ;  but 
it  never  can,  in  the  absence  of  experimental  knowledge, 
qualify  them  for  giving  specific  and  detailed  directions 
for  their  use.  Dr.  John  Bell,  in  his  valuable  work  on 
"  Baths  and  Mineral  Waters,"  has  the  following  sen- 
sible and  judicious  passage  upon  this  subject :  "I  wish 
not,"  he  says,  "to  be  ranked  among  the  chemical 
physicians,  who,  having  discovered  the  proportion  of 
each  foreign  ingredient  in  the  mineral  spring,  and 


I 


a4 


MINERAL    WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


Studied  its  operation  on  the  economy,  pretend  to  de- 
termine the  general  effect  of  the  compound.  We  may, 
indeed,  by  a  knowledge  of  the  constituent  parts,  pre- 
dict to  a  certain  extent  the  medicinal  power  of  the 
compound ;  but  it  is  only  by  multiplied  facts,  that  is, 
experience  of  its  use,  that  we  can  speak  positively  of  its 
virtues." 

In  no  other  country,  perhaps,  do  mineral  waters 
abound  in  greater  variety  than  in  the  United  States; 
and  it  is  a  subject  of  sincere  regret,  that  their  nature, 
applicability,  and  proper  method  of  administration 
should  have  been  so  little  studied,  both  by  physicians 
and  the  public  at  large.  It  is  true  that  certain  opinions 
generally  prevail  in  enlightened  circles  as  regards  the 
curative  powers  of  some  of  our  more  celebrated  foun- 
tains; and  these  opinions,  so  far  as  they  go,  being  gen- 
erally founded  on  experience,  may,  in  the  main,  be 
tolerably  correct.  Nevertheless,  there  is  a  lamentable 
want  of  information  generally,  and  even  among  our 
more  enlightened  physicians,  as  to  the  specific  nature 
and  culaptation  of  mineral  waters  to  particular  diseases 
•—information  the  want  of  which  must  always  dis- 
qualify for  the  safe  and  confident  recommendailon  of 
these  valuable  agents. 

A  perfect  knowledge  of  the  various  influences  and 
of  the  peculiar  minute  circumstances  that  control  the 
use  of  mineral  waters  in  different  systems,  as  well  as 
the  best  methods  of  using  them  in  certain  pathological 
conditions  of  the  system,  must,  as  with  all  other  medi- 
cines, be  learned  from  observation.  Now,  as  pitysi- 
cians  but  rarely  have  an  opportunity  of  observing  the 
use  of  mineral  waters  for  a  sufficient  length  of  time  and 
in  a  sufficient  variety  of  cases,  and  as  but  little  has 
been  written  by  those  who  have  observed  their  effects, 
it  ougbt  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  medical  public 
generally  would  be  greatly^  enlightened  on  this  subject. 

I  have  said  that  the  opmions  generally  prevailing  in 
enlightened  circles  relative  to  the  curative  power>  of 


'..■aiawwMM 


,  '■'Si?i|K,3 


« 


EXPERIENCE  THE  BEST  GUIDE. 


n 


our  principal  mineral  fountains,  being  founded  on  ex- 
perience, may,  in  the  main,  be  correct.     I  would  not 
be  understood,  however,  as  advising  a  reliance  upon 
such  "popular  fame."    Information  of  this  kind  is 
sufficient  to  awaken  attention  and  incite  inquiry,  but 
certainly  should  not  be  implicitly  relied  upon  in  indi- 
vidual cases.      At  best,  it  is  generally  "hearaay" 
opinion,  made  up,  ordinarily,  from  partial  and  empiri- 
cal sources;  or,  quite  as  likely,  from  the  prejudiced 
accounts  which  are  brought  by  visitors  from  the  differ- 
ent watering-places,  and  which  are  sweepingfy  favorable, 
or  prejudicial,  as  they  may  chance  to  have  been  bene- 
fited or  worsted,  and  that  without  reference  to  the 
specific  action  of  the  agent,  or  that  clear  understand- 
ing of  the  pathology  of  the  case,  which  would  serve  as 
a  safe  guide  in  its  application  to  others.     Every  physi- 
cian knows  how  prone  persons  are  to  err  in  the  use  of 
medicines,  from  the  supposed  resemblance  of  cases. 
Often  am  I  pained  to  see  persons  persevering  in  the 
use  of  a  mineral  water  to  their  evident  prejudice,  and 
for  no  better  reason  than  that  Mr.  or  Mrs.  Such-a-one 
was  cured  of  a  disease  supposed  to  be  similar;  or,  by 
the  general  recommendation  of  some  medical  man  who 
sent  them  to  the  "mountains"  with  a  "carte  blancke" 
to  use  " some  of  the  mineral  waters."    Occasionally  it 
has  become  my  painful  duty  to  advise  patients  to  re- 
trace their  melancholy  steps  homeward,  without  using 
any  of  the  waters,  because  none  were  adapt«i  to  their 
case. 

Mineral  waters  are  not  z^nacea;  they  act,  like  all 
other  medicines,  by  producing  certain  effects  upon  the 
animal  economy,  and  upon  principles  capable  of  being 
clearly  defined.  It  follows,  that  there  are  various  dis- 
eases and  states  of  the  system  to  which  they  are  not 
only  tut  adt^ed,  but  in  which  they  would  be  eminently 
injurious. 

Some  years  since,  I  was  requested  to  visit  a  highly- 
respectable  gentleman,  who  had  just  arrived  at  the 

3* 


wm 


36 


MINERAL    WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


White  Sulphur  with  his  family,  from  one  of  our  distant 
cities.     He  was  in  wretched  health,  and  sought  my  ad- 
vice as  to  the  applicability  of  the  water  to  his  case. 
On  examination,  I  felt  astonished  that  any  medical 
roan  of  intelligence  should  have  recommended  such  a 
case  to  mineral  waters  for  relief.     I  advised  the  gen- 
tleman to  retrace  his  steps  homeward,  and  put  himself 
under  medical  treatment,  as  he  had  no  time  to  lose. 
Accordingly,  the  ensuing  morning  he  recommenced  his 
journey  of  seven  hundred  miles  to  reach  his  home. 
Medicme  did  for  him  what  mineral  waters  were  not 
calculated  to  do,  and  I  have  since  heard  of  his  entire 
recovery.     This  gentleman  informed  me  that  he  had 
been  influenced  to  undertake  the  distant  and,  to  him, 
painful  journey,  by  a  physician  who  had  never  before 
prescribed  for  his  case,  and  who  candidly  stated  to  him 
that  he  knew  but  little  of  the  mineral  waters  of  Vir- 
ginia, but  he  had  heard  of  many  cures  from  their  use, 
and  therefore  advised  that  he  should  hasten  to  give 
them  a  trial.    Influenced  by  this  vague  opinion,  the 
unfortunate  invalid  had  dragged  himself  and  his  family 
seven  hundred  miles,  under  the  vain  hope  of  finding  a 
rem«iy,  which  the  physician  should,  in  such  a  case, 
have  found  in  his  own  office.     Now,  a  little  more 
knowledge  of  the  nature  of  mineral  waters,  and  a 
more   commendable  caution  in  advising  their  use, 
would  have  prevented  the  heavy  sacrifice  this  gentleman 
incurred.     Nor  is  this  by  any  means  an  isolated  in- 
stance; my  case-book  furnishes  many  others  equally 
strong,  that  have  come  under  my  observation  in  the 
course  of  my  practice. 

,  Medical  Efficacy,  */r. —Mineral  waters  are  exceed- 
ingly valuable  as  medicinal  agents,  are  applicable  to  a 
large  circle  of  cases,  and  will,  unquestionably,  cure 
many  which  the  ordinary  remedies  of  the  shops  will 
not.  Nevertheless,  it  should  always  be  borne  in  mind 
that  they  are  not  a  catholieon;  that  they  are  not  to  be 


If 


fe 


r  distant 
t  my  ad- 
lis  case, 
medical 
d  such  a 
the  gen- 
t  himself 
to  lose, 
tnced  his 
s  home, 
vere  not 
is  entire 
t  he  had 
,  to  him, 
!r  before 
d  to  him 
s  of  Vir- 
:heir  use, 
1  to  give 
nion,  the 
lis  family 
finding  a 
1  a  case, 
tie  more 
B,  and  a 
tieir  use, 
entleman 
ilated  in- 
8  equally 
m  in  the 


i  exceed- 
:able  to  a 
bly,  cure 
hops  will 
;  in  mind 
not  to  be 


MEDICAL  EFFICACY. 


2-1 


used  for  every  disease ;  and  that,  to  be  prescribed  suc- 
cessfully, they  must,  like  ail  other  medicines,  be  pre- 
scribed with  reference  to  the  nature  and  pathology  of  the 
case.  Nor  is  this  caution  ordinarily  more  necessary  in 
using  the  various  medicines  of  the  shops  than  in  using 
the  more  potent  mineral  waters. 

Some  there  are,  I  know,  who  profess  to  be  unbe- 
lievers in  the  medicinal  activity  of  mineral  waters,  and 
who,  without  denying  the  benefit  that  is  often  derived 
from  visiting  such  fountains,  attribute  the  whole  to 
travel,  change  of  air,  exercise,  relaxation  from  busi- 
ness, etc.  Now,  I  freely  admit  that  these  are  often 
important  agents  in  the  cure  of  a  large  class  of  cases; 
but,  from  long  experience  at  a  popular  watering-place, 
and  the  numerous  cures  I  have  seen  effected  from  the 
water  itself,  totally  disconnected  with  any  of  the  ad- 
juncts alluded  to,  it  would  be  quite  as  easy  to  con- 
vince me  that  bark  is  not  tonic,  that  jalap  does  not 
purge,  or  that  mercury  will  not  salivate,  as  that  mineral 
waters  may  not  be  an  active  and  potent  means  of  curing 
disease,  entirely  independent  of  the  valuable  adjuvants 
that  have  been  alludeid  to. 

The  advocates  of  the  non-eflicacy  of  mineral  waters, 
per  se,  would  scarcely  persist  in  this  opinion,  after  see- 
ing the  large  amount  of  active  medical  material  ob- 
tained by  evaporation  from  some  of  our  more  active 
waters;  the  White  Su^hur,  for  instance,  which  yields 
more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  grains  to  the  gallon, 
and  which,  upon  analysis,  is  found  to  consist  of  ioA'tu, 
su^hu/%  the  various  combinations  of  soda,  rtagnesia, 
and  c^her  active  ingredients.  Would  it  not  be  absurd 
to  believe  that  so  large  an  amount  of  these  efficient 
medical  substances  as  is  usually  taken  into  the  stomach, 
by  those  who  drink  mineral  waters  in  which  they 
abound,  could  fail  to  exert  SLpositive  influence  upon  the 
economy  ?  My  own  experience  for  many  years,  in  the 
use  of  such  waters,  enables  me  to  bear  the  most  un- 
equivocal testinlony  as  to  the  direct  and  positive  in- 


,-.■:■#• 


M^fimtvkad  ji^a 


/" 


•8 


MINERAL    WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


% 


1 


fluence  of  many  of  them  upon  the  human  body.  In 
the  language  of  the  celebrated  Patissier,  I  can  unhesi- 
tatingly say  that,  "in  the  general,  mineral  waters  re- 
vive the  languishing  circulation,  give  a  new  direction 
to  the  vital  ener{;ies,  re-establish  the  perspiratory  action 
of  the  skin,  bring  back  to  their  physiological  type 
the  vitiated  or  suppressed  secretions,  provoke  salutary 
evacuations  either  by  urine,  or  stool,  or  by  transpira- 
tion ;  they  bring  about  in  the  animal  economy  an  in- 
timate transmutation — 9.  prof ound  change  :  they  saturate 
the  sick  body.  How  many  sick  persons,  abandoned 
by  their  physicians,  have  found  health  at  mineral 
springs  I  How  many  individuals,  exhausted  by  violent 
disease,  have  recovered,  by  a  journey  to  mineral  waters, 
their  tone,  mobility,  and  energy,  to  restore  which, 
attempts  in  other  ways  might  have  been  made  with  less 
certitude  of  success  1"  And  hence  most  cordially  do  I 
adopt  the  sentiments  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  Arm- 
strong, who,  in  speaking  of  the  medicinal  efficacy  of 
mineral  waters,  says,  **  I  dare  pledge  my  word,  that,  tf 
they  be  onfy  fully  and  fairfy  tried,  they  will  be  found 
among  the  most  powerful  agents  which  have  ever  been 
broHght  to  the  relief  of  human  maladies. ' ' 

Modus  Operandi,  etc. — ^Various  attempts  have  been 
made  to  account  for  the  peculiar  eifects  of  mineral 
waters  upon  the  system.  They  seem  to  act,  in  the 
first  place,  as  a  simple  hygienic  agent.  Secondly,  they 
act,  in  accordance  with  their  constituent  ingredients, 
specifically  on  the  animal  economy.  Minen^  waten 
exert  their  more  important  influences  upon  the  human' 
body  upon  a  different  principle  from  many  of  the  ar- 
ticles of  the  materia  medica;  they  are  evidently  ab- 
sorbed, eaiet  into  the  circulation,  and  change  the 
consistence  as  well  as  the  composition  of  the  fluids ; 
they  course  through  the  system,  and  apply  the  medical 
materials  which  they  hold  in  solution,  in  the  mo«t 
minute  form  of  subdivision  that  can  be  conceived  of. 


MODUS  OPERANDI. 


39 


to  the  diseased  surfaces  and  tissues ;  they  reach  and 
search  the  most  minute  ramifications  of  the  capillaries, 
and  remove  the  morbid  condition  of  those  vessels, 
which  are  so  commonly  the  primary  seats  of  disease. 
It  is  thus  that  they  relieve  chronic  disordered  action, 
and  impart  natural  energy  and  elasticity  to  vessels  that 
have  been  distended  either  by  inflammation  or  conges- 
tion ;  while  they  communicate  an  energy  to  the  muscular 
fibre  and  to  the  animal  tissues  generally,  which  is  not 
witnessed  from  the  administration  of  ordinary  remedies. 

Many  of  the  articles  of  the  materia  medica  seem  to 
act  by  sympathy  and  counter-irritation,  and  to  cure  one 
organ  of  the  body  by  irritating  another ;  thus  calomel, 
by  irritating  the  stomach  and  duodenum,  is  made  to 
act  efficiently  upon  the  liver,  to  which  organ  it  has 
a  strong  specific  tendency.  Not  so,  however,  with 
mineral  waters :  they  never  cure  one  organ  by  irritating 
another.  I  can  with  confidence  assert,  that  J  have 
never  seen  mineral  waters  successfully  used  in  any  case 
in  which  they  kept  up  a  considerable  irritation  upon  aty 
of  the  organs  of  the  body. 

Both  physicians  and  patients  are  far  too  much  in 
the  habit  of  looking  to  the  immediate  and  sensible 
operations  of  mineral  waters,  and  of  judging  of  their 
efficacy  from  such  efiects.  In  most  cases,  it  is  service- 
able for  such  agents  to  open  the  bowels  gently ;  and  in 
some',  it  is  best  for  them  to  purge  actively.  Occasion- 
ally, advantage  is  derived  from  promoting  an  increased 
flow  of  urine  or  perspiration ;  but,  as  a  general  rule, 
the  greatest  good  is  derived  from  the  absorption  of  the 
water,  resulting  in  that  "profound  change''  spoken  of 
by  Patissier,  or,  in  other  words,  the  alterative  action 
of  the  remedy.  It  should  always  be  borne  in  mind 
that  this  profound  charge — this  alterative  effect— is  in- 
compatible with  constant  or  active  action  of  the  water 
upon  any  of  the  emunctories.  This,  unquestionably, 
is  true  as  relates  to  the  White  Sulphur  water,  and  I 
believe  it  to  be  so  with  all  alterative  waters. 


30 


MINERAL    WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


■:■  i 


So  well  convinced  am  I,  that  the  alterative  action  is 
the  real  curative  action  effected  by  sulphur  waters,  in 
nine  cases  out  of  ten  where  any  serious  disease  exists, 
that,  ordinarily,  I  am  not  solicitous  to  obtain  much 
daily  increase  of  evacuation  from  any  of  the  emunc- 
tories.  On  the  contrary,  I  often  find  great  advantage 
from  the  administration  of  some  appropriate  means  to 
prevent  the  too  free  action  of  the  water,  especially  on 
the  bowels  and  kidneys.  As  a  general  rule,  it  is  far 
better  that  such  waters  should  lie  quietly  upon  the  system, 
without  manifesting  much  excitement  upon  any  of  the 
organs,  and  producing,  at  most,  but  a  small  increase 
in  the  quantity  of  the  ordinary  healthy  evacuations. 

The  quality  or  kind  of  evacuations  produced  by 
mineral  waters  is  a  matter  of  far  more  importance,  and, 
when  strong  sulphur  waters  are  used,  never  fails  to 
evidence  the  existence  and  the  extent  to  which  alterative 
action  is  going  on  in  the  system ;  and  to  this,  persons 
using  such  waters  should  alws^  pay  a  careful  attention. 

I  have  said  that  the  best  effects  of  mineral  waters  are 
their  alterative  or  changing  effects ;  and  that,  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  White  Sulphur,  I  do  not,  ordinarily, 
desire  to  provoke  much  increase  of  the  natural  evacua- 
tions. I  do  not  wish,  however,  to  be  understood,  by 
this  general  declaration,  as  laying  down  an  absolute 
rule  of  practice  to  govern  all  cases,  or  to  apply  in 
reference  to  all  waters.  The  administration  of  mineral 
waters,  like  the  administration  of  every  other  remedy, 
should  be  governed  in  reference  to  the  particular 
character  and  demands  of  each  case ;  and  in  such  dis- 
criminating practice  it  will  sometimes  be  found  best  to 
use  them  in  a  manner  to  produce  active  operations  fox 
a  short  time.  I  have,  indeed,  generally  found,  that 
thdse  who  are  actively  purged  by  mineral  waters,  if 
they  have  strength  to  bear  it,  will  be  best  satisfied  with 
the  remedy  at  the  time,  and,  in  fact,  are  apt  to  feel 
better  at  the  time,  than  those  upon  whom  the  water  is 
exerting  but  little  or  no  purgative  effect.    It  may.  be 


jiiiiiliMiiiiiii^^ 


icHoH  is 
aters,  in 
e  exists, 
in  much 

emunc- 
Ivantage 
neans  to 
:ially  on 
it  is  far 
e  system, 
y  of  the 
increase 
ions, 
iced  by 
ice,  and, 

fails  to 
Iterative 

persons 
tention. 
aters  are 
I  the  ad- 
linarily, 
1  evacua- 
tood,  by 
absolute 
ipply  in 
'  mineral 
remedy, 
articular 
wch  dis- 
1  best  to 
tions  for 
nd,  that 
'aten,  if 
Red  with 
t  to  feel 
water  is 

nuiy.be 


-:m^pjlii»inffi: " 


IfOir  LONG  TO  BE  USED. 


31 


laid  down  as  a  general  fact,  in  the  use  of  all  alterative 
waters,  subject  to  but  few  exceptions,  that  those  on 
whose  bowels  they  act  freely  will  feel  best  while  at  the 
Springs;  while  those  who  are  but  little  purged  will 
feel  best  after  they  have  left  the  Springs,  and  will, 
ordinarily,  enjoy  the  most  permanent  advantage.  The 
reason  of  this  is  obvious :  in  the  first  case,  the  active 
purgation  throws  off  the  gross  humors  of  the  body,  and 
the  patient  feels  promptly  relieved ;  in  the  other  case, 
the  remedy  lies  upon  the  system,  is  absorbed,  and 
gradually  produces  its  changing  influences, — bringing 
the  various  secretory  functions  into  a  healthy  condition, 
^-unloading  and  cleansing  the  machinery  of  the  econ- 
omy,— silently  putting  its  works  to  rights,  and  giving 
them  their  natural  and  healthy  motion.  AH  this  re- 
quires time  for  its  accomplishment;  and  hence,  we 
often  hear  persons  say,  "  I  was  no  better  while  at  the 
Springs,  but  I  began  to  mend  soon  after  I  left,  and 
have  continued  better  sincie."  Declarations  of  this 
kind  we  constantly  hear  by  persons  who  have  previously 
visited  alterative  springs;  and  they  verify  the  correct- 
ness of  my  proposition. 

Length  ef  Time  to  he  used,  etc. — To  acute  diseases, 
mineral  waters  are  not  adapted;  for  all  such  they  are 
too  exciting,  too  prone  to  increase  the  activity  of  the 
circulation,  and  to  stimulate  the  general  system.  It  is 
in  chrome  diseases  only  that  they  are  found  so  eminently 
serviceable.  By  chronic  diseases  I  mean^  those  slow 
diseases  of  the  system  uniformly  attended  either  with 
sin^  excitement,  chronic  inflammation,  or  chronic 
congestion  of  the  blood-vessels.  To  be  permanently 
beneficial  in  diseases  of  this  description,  the  use  of 
mineral  waters,  like  the  disease  for  which  they  are  taken, 
should  be ' '  chronic. ' '  I  mean  that  an  instantaneous  cure 
should  not  be  expected ;  but  that  the  remedy  should  be 
persisted  in,  and  the  cure  gradually  brought  about. 
Sulphur  waters,  especially,  may  be  easily  brought  into 


3« 


MINERAL    WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


disrepute  by  short  and  imperfect  trials  of  them.  To 
prove  effectual,  "they  should  for  the  most  part  be  con- 
tinued daily,  in  sufficient  quantity,  until  the  disease 
gives  way,  or  until  their  inefficacy  has  been  fairly  proved 
by  an  unremitted  perseverance.  In  some  cases  of  oph- 
tkaimia,  of  rheumatism,  and  slight  cutaneous  affections,  I 
have  known  them  to  effect  a  cure  in  two  or  three 
weeks,  while  in  other  cases,  apparently  similar  in  all 
respects,  twice,  thrice,  or  even  four  times  that  period 
has  elapsed  before  the  cure  had  been  accomplished ; 
and  what  is  here  affirmed  of  these  external  affections,  is 
still  more  strongly  applicable  to  internal  diseases,  which 
are  seldom  speiedily  overcome  by  these  waters,  how 
completely  soever  they  may  yield  at  last.  In  illus- 
tration of  this  point,  as  to  internal  diseases,  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  I  have  seen  both  chronic  inflammation 
of  the  liver,  and  chronic  inflammation  of  the  rectum, 
where  no  benefit  was  produced  for  three  or  four  weeks, 
and  yet  sl  continuation  of  the  waters  for  six  or  eight  weeks 
longer  has  effaced  every  vestige  of  the  morbid  indica- 
tions for  which  they  were  prescribed. ' '  (Armstrong  on 
Sulphur  Waters.) 

There  is  no  greater  folly,  in  the  use  of  mineral  waters, 
than  that  of  laying  down  a  definite  period  of  time  for 
which  they  should  be  used,  without  reference  to  their 
effects  upon  the  system.  Like  all  other  medicines, 
mitieral  waters  should  be  used,  discontinued,  or  modi- 
fied in  their  use,  with  a  strict  regard  to  their  operations 
upon  the  body,  and  to  their  good  or  bad  effects  upon 
the  disease.  Whenever  prescribed,  their  operations 
should  be  watched  with  the  same  care  with  which  we 
watch  the  effects  of  any  other  medicine;  and  they 
should  be  persevered  in,  or  temporarily  or  permanently 
discointinued,  or  controlled  in  their  action  by  some  ap- 
propriate adjuvant,  according  to  the  indications  pre- 
sented in  each  case. 

It'Will  occur  to  every  reflecting  mind,  that  the  ex- 
pectation of  being  cured,  or  even  essentially  benefited. 


in  i 

any 

thel 

des] 

ith 

in  fi 

pre^ 

wati 

wee 

opii 

his 

war 

to  c 

do 

mal 

pres 

for 

•  I 

thai 

sulp 

alte 

judi 

star 

eigl 

rem 

foul 

C 

eral 
gre< 
tot 
errc 
are 
abl< 
con 
equ 
rass 
of  1 


THEIR  ADMINISTRATION. 


3S 


em.  To 
t  be  con- 
e  disease 
iy  proved 
»  of  oph- 
'ettions,  I 
or  three 
ar  in  all 
at  period 
iplished ; 
!Ctions,  is 
es,  which 
ers,  how 
In  illus- 
t  may  be 
immation 
I  rectum, 
ur  weeks, 
;ht  weeks 
d  indica- 
\strong  on 

al  waters, 
f  time  far 
\  to  their 
ledicines, 
or  modi' 
tperations 
;cts  upon 
tperations 
which  we 
and  they 
manently 
some  ap- 
:iona  pre- 

it  the  ex- 
benefited, 


in  an  obstinate  chronic  disease,  from  a  few  days'  use  c 
any  mineral  water,  is  altogether  unreasonablck  Never- 
theless, I  have  often  seen  persons  at  watering-places 
despairing  of  the  efficacy  of  the  remedy,  simply  because 
it  had  not  produced  an  obvious  and  appreciable  benefit 
in  five  or  six  days.  A  sort  of  x/^r^/^/i;^^// opinion  indeed 
prevails  with  numerous  visitors  to  such  places,  that  the 
water  should  not  in  any  case  be  used  longer  than  two 
weeks.  I  scarcely  need  say  that  this  is  a  most  erroneous 
opinion,  and  often  interposes  between  the  patient  and 
his  recovery.  It  is  true  that  some,  who  hold  the  un- 
warrantable opinion  alluded  to,  perseveringly  endeavor 
to  drink  as  much  in  the  "two  weeks"  as  they  should 
do  in  six ;  but  this  only  serves  in  a  common  way  to 
make  them  abandon  it  four  or  five  days  before  their 
prescribed  time,  by  absolutely  disqualifying  the  system 
for  its  reception  at  all. 

I  can  say,  as  the  result  of  many  years'  observation, 
that  the  WTtite  Su^kur,  which  is  one  of  the  strongest 
sulphur  waters  in  the  world,  rarely  produces  its  full 
alterative  efiects  within  two  weelu,  under  its  most 
judicious  administration,  and  under  favorable  circum- 
stances for  its  use ;  and  that  three,  four,  five,  and  even 
eight  weeks  often  elapse  before  it  has  displayed  its  full 
remedial  powers  in  obstinate  cases.  And  such  will  be 
found  to  be  the  c&<ie  with  all  alterative  waters. 

General  Remarks  on  the  Administration,  etc. — Min- 
eral waters  are  all  stimulants  in  a  greater  or  less  de- 
gree, and  some  have  attributed  much  of  their  virtue 
to  this  property.  Such  an  opinion,  however,  is  clearly 
erroneous.  I  have  already  remarked  that  such  waters 
are  rarely  serviceable  when  they  keep  up  any  consider- 
able irritation  of  an  organ.  I  now  remark  that  any 
considerable  excitement  of  the  general  organism  is 
equally  prejudicial ;  indeed,  I  have  often  been  embar- 
rassed, and  sometimes  thwarted  in  the  successful  use 
of  mineral  waters,  from  the  prevalence  of  this  quality. 

4 


S4 


MINERAL    WATERS  JN  GENERAL. 


The  amount  of  excitement  resulting  from  the  use  of 
such  waters  depends  upon  the  nature  of  their  constitu- 
ent principles ;  upon  the  quantity  taken,  the  manner 
of  taking  it,  and  the  excitability  of  each  individual's 
constitution.  If  it  be  a  water  abounding  in  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen  gas,  the  most  essential  difference  exists 
in  taking  it  with  or  vrithout  its  gas;  that  is,  in  taking 
it  fresh  at  the  spring,  or  after  its  gas  has  flown  off.  In 
the  use  of  the  SuZ/Aur  Wattrs,  with  or  without  their 
peculiar  gas,  the  most  marked  difference  exists  in  their 
stimulating  quality,  and  it  is  greatly  advanUgeous  in 
many  cases,  particvlarly  in  very  excitable  persons,  to 
have  the  gas  expelled  in  part,  or  in  whole,  before  using 
them. 

Some  mineral  waters,  by  varying  the  method  of  their 
administration,  or  by  the  interposition  of  appropriate 
adjuvants,  are  capable  of  ext<>nsive  and  valuable  modi- 
fied actions  and  effects  upon  the  human  body.  The 
White  Sulphur  b  susceptible  r  f  as  many  varied,  differ- 
ent, and  modified  actions  ny*in  the  system  generally, 
and  upon  its  particular  or^an.!,  by  varying  the  methods 
of  using  it,  as  is  mercury,  or  antimotiy,  or  any  of  our 
leading  therapeutical  agents.  For  instance,  it  can  be 
so  used  as  to  stimulate  distressingly;  or,  without  any 
eMretiabU  stimulating  effect.  It  can  be  so  given  as 
almost  invariably  to  purge  actively;  or,  without  lessen- 
ing the  quantity  producing  such  effiect,  but  merely  by 
changing  the  time  and  manner  of  taking  it,  it  can  be  so 
given  as  to  >  veit  little  or  no  cathartic  operation.  It 
may  be  directed  to,  or  restrained  from,  the  kidtuys,  or 
ricin ;  and  what,  in  a  general  way,  is  &r  more  important, 
it  can  be  so  used  u  to  lie  quietly  on  the  system,  pro- 
dQcing  no  excessive  action  upon  any  of  the  organs, 
and,  with  a  quiet  but  sure  progress,  go  on  breaking  up 
the  obstructions  in  the  glandular  organs  and  removing 
the  impediments  to  the  proper  discharge  of  thcit-  func- 
tions: equalizing  the  circulation,  removing  chronic 
inflammations,  and  generally  restoring  the  energies  of 
the  system. 


m 


t 


le  use  of 
constitu- 

manner 
ividual's 
I  Bulphu- 
ice  exists 
n  taking 

off.  In 
}ut  their 
I  in  their 
geous  in 
rsons,  to 
ire  using 

I  of  their 
propriate 
>le  modi- 
The 
difTer- 
enerally, 
methods 
ly  of  our 
it  can  be 
hout  any 
given  as 
ut  lessen- 
nerely  by 
can  be  so 
ition.  It 
IdHeys,  or 
aportant, 
tern,  pro- 
s  organs, 
iaking  up 
removing 
licit-  fiinc- 
:  chronic 
tergiesof 


RESEMBLANCE   TO  MERCURY,  E7C. 


35 


CHAPTER   II. 

MINKRAL  WATERS  IK  OKMBRAL. 
CONTINUBO. 

Retemblaiice  of  lome  Mineral  Waters  to  Merenrjr— Erron  and  Abate 
of  Mineral  Waters,  etc.— ChanginK  from  Sprine  to  SprinK— 
Dret»— Diet,  Exercise— Beit  Time  for  Using— LengOi  of  Time  to  be 
Used,  etc. 

Resemblance  to  Mercury,  etc — Between  the  action  of 
mercury,  and  the  more  powerful  of  the  sulphur  waters, 
on  the  organic  system,  the  most  striking  similarity 
exists.  Dr.  Armstrong  long  since  remarked  the  resem- 
blance between  mercury  and  the  sulphur  waters  of 
Europe,  and  confidently  expressed  the  opinion  that  the 
latter  are  equally  powerful  with  the  former,  in  their  action 
upon  the  secretory  organs ;  and  with  this  very  impor- 
tant difference,  that  while  the  long-continued  use  of 
mercury,  in  chronic  disease,  generally  breaks  up  the 
strength,  that  of  the  sulphur  waters  generally  renovates 
the  whole  system.  Mercury  has  heretofore,  by  common 
consent,  been  regarded  as  the  most  powerful  alterative 
we  possess.  I  am  not  prepared  to  dispute  this  high 
claim  of  the  medicine,  but  this  much  I  will  assert,  as  a 
matter  of  professional  experience,  that  sulphur  water, 
in  my  hands,  has  proved  an  tUterative  quite  as  certain 
in  its  effects  as  mercury,  though  somewhat  slower  in  its 
operations.  Not  only  so,  I  believe  it  to  be  far  better 
adapted  than  mercury  to  a  large  circle  of  cases,  in  which 
glandular  obstructions  and  chronic  inflammations  are 
to  be  subdued.  If  the  claims  of  the  two  remedies  for 
preference  were  otherwise  nearly  equal,  the  great  ad- 


|C  MINERAL   WATERS  If/  GENERAL. 

vantage  on  the  score  of  safety  from  the  sulphur  water 
would  give  it  an  immense  preference  over  its  rival. 
Numerous  cases  preseni  themselves,  however,  in  which 
they  are  used  in  conjunction  to  great  advantage. 
Where  this  becomes  necessary,  I  have,  as  a  general 
rule  of  practice,  found  it  best  not  to  continue  the  mer- 
cury longer  than  six  or  eight  days ;  nor  is  it  often  neces- 
sary to  use  it  continually  during  that  period. 

The  effecto  of  the  White  Su^kur  water  upon  the 
human  body  resemble  mercury  in  several  respects. 
Not  to  mention  others,  its  resemblance  is  strikingly 
manifest  from  the  fact  of  its  producing  saljvatioH* 
under  certain  peculiar  circumstances.  Another  marked 
similarity  may  be  mentioned,  especially  as  it  has  a 
direct  bearing  upon  the  proper  method  of  its  admin- 
istration: I  allude  to  the  existence  of  a  phlogistic 
diathesis  in  individuals  with  whom  either  remedy  is 
used.  When  the  system  resists  the  specific  action  of 
mercury,  it  is  a  certain  test  that  the  inflammatory 
diathesu  prevails  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  this  is 
the  cause  of  the  resistance ;  for  lessen  the  inflammatory 
diathesis  by  proper  evacuations,  and  the  specific  action 
of  the  mercury  will  be  readily  induced.  The  system 
often  oflera  the  same  resistance  to  the  successful  use  of 
this  water,  which  is  evidently  occasioned  by  the  excess 
of  the  inflammatory  diathesis,  inasmuch  as  when  the 
inflammatory  disposition  is  abated  by  the  lancet,  pur- 
gatives, etc.,  the  water  promptly  proiduces  its  wonted 
good  efiiects.  In  the  administration  of  this  particular 
water,  it  is  of  the  utmost  consequence  to  keep  this 
practical  <act  constantiv  in  view,  and,  by  proper  treat- 
ment, to  keep  down  both  general  and  local  excite- 
ment. 

Notwithstanding  mineral  waters  are  so  well  adapted 
to  the  cure  of  chronic  disea^,  it  should  not  be  ex- 


*  Dr.  Salsbttiy,  the  resident  physician  at  Avon  Springs,  has  wit- 
nessed dmilar  emcts  from  the  Avon  water. 


bel 
wa 
sut 
pre 
err 
wa 
nui 
wai 
bei 
an 
the 
Ge 
Th 
wel 
wal 
ent 
pla 
pre 
at  < 
go< 
pre 
bet 
dai 
wal 
mil 


m 


ife 


ERROXS  AND  ABUSE. 


37 


pccted  that  they  will  be  uniformly  successful ;  for  it 
must  be  remembered  that  such  diseases  are  only  reme- 
diable when  unconnected  with  alterations  of  organic 
tissue,  which  is  their  ultimate  and  mortal  product. 
Nor  is  it  reasonable  to  expect  that  any  plan  of  treat- 
nent  will  succeed  in  all  cases  of  chronic  disease, 
unconnected  with  alteration  of  tissue;  and  I  have 
accordingly  found  the  methods  recommended  at  times 
ineffectual,  even  when  they  were  tried  under  circum- 
stances which  simply  indicated  disorder  of  the  func- 
tion, without  any  concomitant  sign  of  disorganization. 

Errors  and  Abuse  cf  Mineral  Waters,  etc. — I  have 
before  alluded  to  some  of  the  abuses  of  mineral 
waters  by  those  who  resort  to  them  for  relief;  this 
subject,  I  conceive,  may  be  still  further  pursued  with 
profit  to  ray  readers.  To  one  familiar  with  the  many 
errors  and  mistakes  committed  in  the  use  of  mineral 
waters  in  this  country,  it  will  not  seem  wonderful  that 
numbers  return  from  visiting  our  most  celebrated 
watering-places  without  having  received  any  essential 
benefit,  but  be  rather  a  matter  of  surprise  that  so  large 
an  amount  of  good  is  achieved.  The  precautions  in 
the  use  of  such  waters,  deemed  indispensable  in  France, 
Germany,  and  England,  are  greatly  neglected  here. 
There,  the  advice  of  a  competent  physician,  who  is 
well  ac(}uainted  with  the  nature  and  peculiarities  of  the 
water,  is  thought  so  important,  that  persons  rarely 
enter  upon  their  use  without  such  adviee,  and,  at  some 
places,  are  actually  not  perm^ed  to  do  so.  If  similar 
precautions  were  more  commonly  adopted  by  visitors 
at  our  various  watering-places,  a  far  larger  amount  of 
good  would  be  secured  to  the  afflicted,  much  injury 

Erevented,  and  the  character  of  the  several  waters 
ettcr  established  and  preserved.  .  It  is  a  subject  of 
daily  and  painful  observation,  at  all  our  principal 
watering-places,  to  witness  numerous  individuals  using 
mineral  waters  that  are  not  adapted  to  their  cases ;  and 

4* 


..mm 


38 


MINERAL   WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


still  more  common  is  it  to  see  those,  to  whose  cases 
they  are  adapted,  using  them  so  improperly  as  entirely 
to  prevent  the  good  they  would  accomplish  under  a 
proper  adfninistration.  Professor  MUtter,  of  Phila- 
delphia, makes  the  following  juditious  remarks  when 
speaking  of  the  use  and  abuse  of  mineral  waters  in 
this  country :  "  Like  every  other  remedy  of  any  effi- 
cacy, mineral  waters  are  liable  to  abuse,  and  it  is  really 
astonishing  that  such  glaring  errors  should  be  daily 
committed,  not  only  by  the  patients,  but  often  by  the 
physicians  who  recommend '  their  employment.  It  is 
by  no  means  an  uncommon  occurrence  (and  those  who 
have  visited  the  springs  of  our  country  will  bear  me 
out  in  the  statement  I  am  about  to  make)  for  an  in- 
dividual to  arrive,  furnished  with  a  *tarte  blanche* 
from  a  physician  who  has  probably  little  or  no  knowl- 
edge of  the  active  properties  of  the  agent  he  recom- 
mends; to  use  the  water  as  he  may  see  fit,  or  with 
merely  a  charge  to  *  use  it  with  caution*  Others  are 
sent  without  any  direction  whatever,  in  the  hope  that 
the  water  may  suit  their  condition,  and  come  trusting 
in  Providence  alone.  Others,  again,  arrive  with  writ- 
ten instructions  to  drink  so  many  glasses  of  the  water 
per  diem,  whether  it  agrees  with  them  or  not.  Many 
patients  do  not  take  the  advice  of  a  physician  at  all, 
but,  relying  on  the  representations  of  those  who  have 
derived  benefit,  imagine  that  they,  too,  will  be  cured, 
although,  in  all  probability,  from  the  nature  of  their 
disease,  the  water  may  be  the  most  prejudicial  to  which  * 
they  could  resort.  Used  in  this  careless  and  dangerous 
manner,  is  it  to  be  wondered  at  that  so  many  indi- 
vidtuds  leave  the  springs  either  not  at  all  benefited, 
or  in  a  worse  condition  than  when  they  arrived? 

"'The  regulations  which  are  thought  necessary,  and 
which  are  adopted,  in  most  European  countries,  espe- 
cially France  and  Germany,  during  the  use  of  a  mineral 
water,  are  either  unknown  or  neglected  in  this.  There, 
nearly  every  spring  is  supplied  with  an  experi«iced 


phy 
wat< 
the) 
thos 
chat 

A 
roin 
tota 
adm 
caut 
cure 
an  e 
corr 
eral 
into 
defii 
then 
but 
ficat 
prat 
less 
the 
Sana 

T 
the< 
age<! 
run 
eith( 
or  1 
ultii 
shou 
eral 
and 
too 
the 
may 
tion 
•twi 


ERRORS  AND  ABUSE. 


39 


physician;  one  familiar  with  the  character  of  the 
water,  whose  duty  it  is  to  take  charge  of  the  sick  as 
they  arrive;  here,  with  but  one  or  two  exceptions, 
those  who  frequent  our  watering-places  have  to  rely  on 
chance  for  medical  aid.     Is  this  as  it  should  be?" 

A  vague  impression  seems  to  pervade  the  public 
mind,  that  mineral  waters,  as  medicinal  agents,  are 
totally  unlike  all  other  medicines,  and  that,  in  their 
administration,  there  is  no  necessity  for  observing  any 
cautions,  or  for  adopting  extraneous  expedients  to  pro- 
cure the  best  effects  of  the  agent  employed.  This  is 
an  error  as  injuiious  as  it  is  common,  and  ought  to  be 
corrected  in  the  public  mind.  Our  more  potent  min- 
eral waters  ought  indeed  to  be  regularly  incorporated 
into  our  materiel  nudica,  their  several  qualities  properly 
defined,  and  the  medical  mind  thus  instructed  to  regard 
them,  not  only  as  valuable  therapeutical  agents, /ter  ««, 
but  as  agents  capable  of  extensive  and  valuable  modi- 
fications in  their  application  to  disease.  Kpcaholopcal 
practice  should  be  established  in  relation  to  them,  cot 
less  strict  than  in  relation  to  the  ordinary  remedies  of 
the  shops,  and  the  best  means  of  influencing  their 
sanative  operations  on  the  system  understood. 

The  physician  who  desires  to  throw  his  patient  under 
the  alterative  influence  of  mercury,  is  not  so  discour- 
aged as  to  abandon  the  remedy,  if  it  chance  at  first  to 
run  off'  by  the  bowels,  and  thus  thwart  his  object ;  but, 
either  by  changing  the  method  of  using  his  medicine, 
or  by  uniting  with  it  some  soothine  astringent,  he 
ultimately  effects  the  important  object  in  view.  Neither 
should  the  patient  be  discouraged  in  the  use  of  a  min- 
eral water  because  it  occasionally  manifests  a  vagrant 
and  innproper  effect ;  for  facilities  can  be  commanded 
to  control  its  operations,  as  readily  as  we  can  control 
the  improper  operations  of  mercury.  Such  facilities 
may  generally  be  found,  either  in  an  increase  or  diminu- 
tion of  the  quantity  taken, — an  alteration  oi  t\it periods 
at  which  it  has  been  taken,— or  in  the  manner  of  using 


MINERAL    WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


it  (where  gases  prevail),  in  relation  to  its  gaseous  or 
ungaseaus  form.  Occasionally  medical  adjuvants  are 
found  necessary,  and  then  I  have  been  in  the  habit  of 
using  those  most  simple,  and  those  which  least  derange 
thf  animal  economy. 

As  a  general  rule,  I  have  found  mineral  waters  most 
serviceable  in  those  cases  in  which  the  stomach  and 
general  system  tolerated  them  readily ;  yet  such  tolera- 
tion depends  so  much  upon  the  proper  Reparation  of 
the  system,  and  the  manner  of  using  the  water,  that  the 

gatient  should  by  no  means  infer  that  it  is  unsuited  to 
is  case  simply  because  it  has  manifested  some  im- 
proper operation  in  the  commencement.  For,  as  before 
mtimated,  it  will  often  happen,  that  by  changing  the 
method  of  using  the  water,  or  by  the  administration  of 
some  appropriate  medicine,  the  difficulty  will  be  re- 
moved, and  the  water  afterwards  act  most  pleasantly 
and  profitably  upon  the  system. 

Liability  to  Mistake  in  Reference  to  Su^hur  Waters.— 
While  on  this  subject,  it  is  not  inopportune,  I  con- 
ceive, to  allude  to  a  popular  and  common  error  in 
reference  to  the  ^taUty  of  sulphur  waters  in  general,— 
9n  error  into  which  the  intelligent  as  well  as  the  igno- 
rant are  prone  to  fidl :  I  allude  to  the  very  common 
mistake  of  forming  a  judgment  as  to  the  strength  and 
value  of  a  sulphur  water  merely  from  its  taste  and 
smell.  Most  persons  who  have  not  carefully  investi- 
gated the  subject  are  ready  to  believe  that  they  have 
discovered  a  valuable  sulphur  fountain  when  they  have 
found  a  water  abounding  in  sulphuretted  gas.  This, 
as  a  general  thing,  Tjirould  be  a  mistake,  and,  as  it  is  a 
mistake  that  might  lead  to  a  profitless  use  of  such 
waters  by  invalids,  it  seems  proper  that  attention  should 
be  distihctly  called  to  it. 

I  have  elsewhere*  sufficiently  contested  the  idea  that 

*  Chapter  on  the  "  Relative  Influence  of  dM  GaMon*  and  Solid 
Contents  <tf  the  White  Sidphur  Water." 


H 


LIABILITY  TO  MISTAKE. 


4» 


sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  ought  to  be  regarded  as  an 
efficient  medicinal  agent,  except  so  far  as  its  nervine 
and  stimulant  qualities  give  it  such  claims.  I  do  not 
now  propose  to  go  over  the  arguments  for  the  correct- 
ness of  this  opinion, — they  are  sufficiently  set  forth  in 
the  chapter  alluded  to, — but  merely  to  enter  up  this 
caveat  for  the  benefit  of  sulphur  water  drinkers,— that 
the  mere  fact  of  water  being  strof^fy  iit^gnaUd  with 
sulphuretted  gas  is  nor,  «f  itself  a  sufficient  evidence 
that  it  is  a  valuable  remedial  agent. 

We  often  see  waters  abounding  in  this  gas,  and,  to 
the  taste  and  smell,  very  much  resembling  the  best  of 
our  standard  waters,  and  hence  imagined  by  many  to 
be  identical  in  quality  and  equal  in  strength  to  them, 
but  which,  upon  trial,  are  ascertained  to  have  but  little 
medicinal  value,  and  are  found,  by  analysis,  essentially 
without  body,  with  little  efficiency  in  their  medicinal 
salts ;  or,  with  a  eombination  of  saline  matters  not  well 
adapted  to  give  them  medicinal  virtue. 

^feither  does  the  color  nor  abundance  of  deposits 
made  by  such  waters,  as  they  flow  from  their  source, 
do  more  than  afford  a  problematical  evidence  of  their 
value. 

First.  Because  it  is  to  the  mtality  of  the  saline  mat- 
ters, rather  than  to  their  abundance,  that  we  are  to  look 
for  medicinal  efficacy ;  and, 

Second.  Because  the  color  of  the  natural  deposits 
of  all  sulphur  waters,  unmixed  with  foreign  bodies,  as 
I  have  elsewhere  said,  is  always  essentially  the  same, 
being  invariably  white  or  opaque-white;  the  various 
shades  of  bloc,  grav,red,  black,  etc.,  being  occasioned 
by  the  influemx  of  light  and  shade,  or  being  chemical 
changes,  ocoaioned  by  their  coming  in  contact  with 
foreign  bodies. 

The  color  of  the  deposits  of  such  waters,  it  will  be 
seen,  then,  cannot  to  any  degree  indicate  their  quality 
or  ^ue.  A  large  amount  of  deposit  of  saline  matters, 
yielded  by  any  mineral  water,  is  strong  pretun^ve 


4a 


MINERAL   WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


evidence  of  its  strength,  but  is  not  conclusive  evidence 
of  its  medicinal  value,  in  the  absence  of  a  knowledge 
of  the  peculiar  ^Mi/i'/y  and  combintUion  of  such  saline 
matters.  Hence  we  should  not  hastily  judge  of  the 
value  of  a  mineral  water  by  the  color  of  its  deposits,  nor 
even  by  the  large  amount  of  its  deposits,  but  by  their 
quatity,  and  the  proportions  in  which  they  are  relatively 
combined  in  the  water,  forming  a  compound  suited  to 
the  great  mission  of  modifying  and  healing  disease. 

Springs  are  occasionally  found  that  dbound,  either 
largely  or  sparsely,  in  sulphuretted  gas,  and  that  con- 
tain but  little  saline  salts;  and  yet  such  springs  are 
often  valuable  for  particular  forms  or  types  of  disease, 
and  are  rendered  so  from  the  quality  and  fortunate 
combination  of  their  salts.  On  the  other  hand,  waters 
may  abound  largely  in  saline  matters,  and  some  of 
these  saline  matters  be  valuable,  too,  as  single  agents, 
yet  the  entire  compound  which  they  form  may  not  be 
well  adapted  for  sanatory  and  medicinal  influences. 

.      CHANGING  FROM  SPRING  TO  SPRING. 

A  very  common  error,  in  the  use  of  Mineral  Waters, 
is.  the  belief  that  the  patient  should  often  change  from 
one  water  to  another,  and  that  nd  one  should  be  used 
longer  than  some  given  number  of  days,  and  this  with' 
out  any  reference  to  its  effects  upon  the  system.  This 
absurd  notion  leads  many  persons  to  fly  from  sfmng  to 
spring,  performing  in  a  few  weeks  or  days  the  circuit 
of  the  whole  "^ring  region,"  and  without  remaining 
long  enough  at  any  one  to  receive  permanent  benefit. 
Now,  if  the  position  heretofore  laid  down  be  correct, 
that  "mineral  waters,  like  all  other  medicines,  euro 
diseise  by  exerting  effects  upon  the  animal  economy," 
the  impibpriety  will  be  obvious  to  all  of  rapidly  has- 
tening from  one  fountain  to  another,  without  tarrying 
long  enough  at  any  to  receive  those  effects  upon  the 
body  which  are  necessary  to  a  cure.    Such  a  water- 


« 


idence 
vledge 

saline 
of  the 
its,  nor 
y  their 
atively 
itedto 
lae. 

either 
It  con- 
igs  are 
itsease, 
rtunate 
waters 
me  of 
igents, 
not  be 
es. 


<^atets, 
e  from 
e  used 
I  with- 
This 
ring  to 
circuit 
laining 
lenefit. 
orrect, 
I,  cure 
omy," 
ly  has- 
urrying 
on  the 
water- 


CHANGtNG  FROM  SPRING  TO  SPRING.       43 

drinker  acts  like  the  "maid  of  all  work,"  always  busy, 
but  accomplishing  nothing. 

What  would  be  thought  of  the  physician  who,  hav- 
ing decided  that  his  patient  must  undergo  the  influence 
of  alterative  action  upon  his  system,  and  having  put 
him  upon  a  course  of  mercury  to  accomplish  the  object, 
should,  just  before  this  drug  would  have  accomplished 
the  end,  discontinue  its  use,  and  put  him  upon  iodine; 
and,  just  as  this  was  about  to  alterate  the  system, 
abandon  it  and  substitute  sarsaparilla ;  and  thus,  from 
one  drug  to  another,  running  through  the  whole  routine 
of  alterative  remedies,  without  giving  any  sufficient 
time  to  effect  the  object?  This  would  surely  be  an 
absurd  method  of  practice ;  and  yet  it  would  not  be 
more  absurd  than  the  course  we  often  see  pursued  by 
visitors  at  mineral  springs,— who  literally  waste  their 
whole  time  in  going  from  fountain  to  fountain,  and 
thus  debar  themselves  of  all  permanent  good,  by  spend- 
ing their  time  rather  ammg  the  springs  than  at  any  one 
of  them.  The  state  of  mind,  which  leads  invalids  thus 
improperly  to  act,  is  often  induced  frote  the  random 
opinions  or  injudicious  advice  of  their  fellow-sufferers, 
whom  they  meet  with  at  the  various  watering-places. 
One  will  tell  another  that  they  have  seen  or  heard  of 
some  person  that  was  cured  at  once,  at  this,  that,  or 
the  other  spring.  Among  the  Virginia  springs,  for  in- 
stance, you  will  be  assured  by  one  that  the  "  White  " 
is  the  place;  by  another,  that  the  "Salt"  is  better 
suited  to  your  case;  a  third  informs  you  that  you  would 
do  better  at  the  "Blue;"  while  others  will  tell  you 
there  is  nothing  like  the  "Red,"  the  "Sweet,"  the 
*' Warm,"  the  "Hot."  Thus  are  the  minds  of  per- 
sons frequently  perplexed,  until  they  come  to  the  con- 
clusion to  "make  the  rounds,"  and  try  them  all  for  a 
day  or  two.  In  this  way  the  hapless  invalid  is  often 
led  to  fritter  away  the  whole  time  be  remains  in  the 
mountains,  without  deriving  permanent  advanta^  from 
"aU  Hu  spritt^^^*  when,  very  probably,  the  time  he 


Hi' 


^ 


44 


MINERAL   WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


had  fniitleasly  spent  at  them  all  would  have  been  suf- 
ficient to  cure  him  at  any  one  of  them. 

Let  it  be  distinctly  understood  that  these  remarks 
are  meant  ^or  the  serious  invalid  only.  Persons  who 
visit  the  springs  for  amusement  or  pleasure,  or  those 
who  go  merely  as  a  relaxation  from  business,  and  re- 
quire only  the  tone  which  travel  and  mountain  air  can 
give,  riay,  with  great  propriety,  go  from  spring  to 
spring,  and  spend  their  time  just  where  they  are  the 
happiest.  But  for  the  invalid  who  has  something  for 
the  waters  to  do,  it  is  not  so ;  he  should  first  wisely  de- 
termine which  of  the  springs  is  best  calculated  to  cure 
his  disease,  and,  having  settled  this  important  question, 
should  persevere  in  the  use  of  that  particular  water, 
carefully  watching  its  effects,  and  "  not  be^  carried 
about  by  every  wind  of  doctrine,"  but  continue  the 
use  of  the  agent  thus  wisely  selected,  either  until  its 
inapplicability  has  been  proven,  or  until  it  produces 
the  specific  effects  which  he  desires.  This  being  ac- 
complished, there  may  be,  and  often  is,  a  necessity  for 
visttmg  other  springs.* 

DRESS. 

Delicate  persons,  siting  the  mountains  or  colder 
latitudes  for  health,  should  be  particularly  cautious  on 
the  subject  of  dress.  It  is  rather  more  easy  to  dreas 
with  the  ever-varying  fashions,  than  to  dress  appropri- 
ately for  aU  the  weather  that  happens  in  mountainous 
regions  generally,  during  the  watering  seasons.  The 
weather,  in  such  situations,  is  often  so  variable  and 
uncertain  as  to  make  it  a  good  general  rule  for  the 
invalid  to  dress  without  reference  to  any  particular 
state  of  it,  but  always  warm  and  comfortable,  with  (in 
most  cases)  but  little  change  from  his  dress  in  the 
spring  season  before  he  reaches  the  mountains. 

•  See  chap.  iU.,  on  "  Procribing  Mineral  Water*." 


DRESS,  DIET,  EXEXCISE,  ETC. 


45 


Some  invalids  will  be  benefited  by  constantly  wear- 
ing soft  flannel  next  the  skin,  not  only  because  it  keeps 
up  a  more  uniform  temperature  than  linen,  but  also 
because  of  the  gentle  excitement  it  occasions  on  the 
surface  of  the  body.  The  best  summer  dress,  however, 
which  I  have  ever  seen  worn  next  the  body,— and 
always  a  valuable  accon^niment  cf  flanntl,  winter 
and  summer, — is  wcven  silk.  I  am  led  to  believe, 
from  experience,  that  silk,  worn  next  the  skin,  is  the 
very  best  protection  we  can  command  against^  the 
influence  of  cold.  In  rheumatism  and  neuralgia,  a 
covering  of  woven  silk  is  a  valuable  remedy;  and  for 
all  delicate  persons,  and  for  those  peculiarly  suscep- 
tible to  colds,  it  is  a  most  invaluable  shield  to  the  body. 
The  superiority  of  silk  over  every  other  covering  is 
probably  owing  to  its  peculiarity  as  a  non-conductor 
of  electricity;  but  whether  this  be  so  or  not  u  left  to 
the  astute  medical  philosopher  to  determine ;  it  is  suf- 
ficient for  me  to  know  the  fact  of  its  superior  efficacy, 
without  stopping  to  account  for  it. 

Since  the  above  paragraph  was  first  Written,  I  have 
had  twenty-five  years'  additional  observation  of  the  use 
of  silk  as  a  covering  for  delicate  and  susceptible  per- 
sons ;  and  the  result  is,  that  I  am  more  than  ever  con- 
vinced of  its  great  superiority.  Indeed,  such  persons, 
while  in  our  variable  climate,  and  under  the  influence 
of  sulphur  waters,  that  increase  the  susceptibility  of  the 
system,  cannot,  by  any  other  dress,  so  eflectually  secure 
themselves  against  the  encroachment  of  cold,  as  by  the 
use  of  silk  saeks  worn  next  the  skin.  Nor  ought  this 
precaution  to  be  neglected  by  such,  especially  as  the 
existence  of  a  cold  always  renders  the  use  of  the  waters 
less  efiicacious,  and  sometimes  positively  injurious,  for 
the  time  it  may  continue. 

DIET,  EXERCISE,  ETC. 
Diet  and  exercise,  during  the  use  of  mineral  water, 
are  of  too  much  importance  to  be  passed  over  without 

5 


40  MINERAL    WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 

notice.  It  ii  to  be  regretted  that  so  little,  as  relates  to 
diet,  is  placed  within  the  power  of  the  invalid  at  our 
watering-places  generally.     Usually  there  is  but  one 

Sneral  system  of  living  at  all  such  places,  and  this 
variably  a  system  very  ill  adapted  to  the  invalid. 

Persons  using  mineral  water  may  ordinarily  indulge, 
in  moderation,  in  that  diet  which  they  found  to  agree 
best  with  them  at  home.  Imprudences  as  to  the  kind 
of  food,  or  of  excess  in  its  quantity,  should  be  as  care- 
fully avoided  by  the  invalid  while  using  such  water,  as 
when  under  treatment  by  other  medical  means.  This, 
however,  is  by  no  means  commonly  the  case. 

Mineral  waters  generally  remove  acidity  from  the 
itomach,  and  sharpen  both  the  appetite  and  the  diges- 
tion ;  hence  it  is  often  really  diflScult  for  the  invalid  to 
restrain  himself  at  table,  and  we  might  be  astonished 
to  see  the  quantity  and  quality  of  food  he  sometimes 
consumes.  Dyspeptics,  as  might  be  expected,  suffer 
most  from  impropriety  in  diet ;  indeed,  I  am  persuaded 
that  more  than  half  the  good  these  waters  would  other- 
wise achieve,  in  such  cases,  is  prevented  by  impropriety 
in  diet.  But  the  evil  of  over-  and  improper  feeding, 
lUthough  most  manifest  in  dyspeptics,  is  by  no  means 
confined  to  such.  Upon  the  subject  of  diet,  Dr.  Bell 
has  well  observed,  that  "slow  and  laborious  digestion, 
heartburn,  disordered  kidneys,  discoloration  of  the 
ikin,  and  some  affections  of  the  liver,  often  the  effects 
of  excessive  eating  and  drinking  alone,  are  not  to  be 
readily  cured  by  visiting  mineral  springs,  and  keeping 
up  the  same  kind  of  livmg."  If  they  (and  the  remark 
applies  to  all  invalids)  be  sincerely  desirous  of  gaining 
health,  they  will  most  successfully  do  so  by  simplifying- 
their  regimen,  and  abstaining  from  all  those  appliances 
to  force  appetite  and  tickle  the  taste,  which  they  had 
formerly  used  in  the  shape  of  ardent  spirits,  wine,  and 
malt  liquors,  fried  meats,  pastry,  and  unripe  fruits.  In 
fine,  we  may  sum  up  in  a  few  words,  by  repeating, 
after  the  great  father  of  medicine,  that  aU  taetues 


;W' 


A 


PERIODS  FOR  THEIR  USE. 


47 


ilates  to 
at  our 
Init  one 
ind  this 
lid. 

ndulge, 
lo  agree 
he  kind 
as  care- 
rater,  as 
This, 

om  the 
ediges- 
valid  to 
onishcd 
netimes 
I,  suffer 
rsuaded 
d  other- 
ropriety 
feeding, 
3  means 
Dr.  Bell 
gestion, 

of  the 
e  effects 
)t  to  be 
keeping 

remark 
gaining 
plifying- 
pliances 
ney  had 
ne,  and 
lita.  In 
peating, 
txctsses 


are  dangerous;  a  maxim  every  one  must  have  fully 
tested. 

Eating  much  in  the  evening,  sitting  up  late,  pro- 
longed  and  immoderat';  dancing,  remaining  too  long 
in  the  cool  air  of  the  evening,  are  often  the  cause  of 
many  unpleasant  complaints,  which  might  have  been 
easily  prevented. 

The  passions  are  to  be  kept  in  check  by  avoiding 
every  exciting  cause,  either  of  the  boisterous  or  melan- 
choly kind.  A  giddy  chase  after  pleasure  and  luxtt< 
rious  indulgence  are  scarcely  more  reprehensible  than 
an  indolent  and  secluded  life.  The  kind  and  amount 
of  exercise  to  be  indulged  in  by  the  patient  must,  of 
course,  be  regulated  by  the  nature  of  his  disease  and 
the  attendant  circumstances ;  walking,  riding  on  horse- 
back or  in  a  carriage,  may  be  selected,  as  one  or  the 
other  may  be  best  adapted  to  the  physical  ability  and 
to  the  inclinations  of  the  patient ;  but,  in  some  form 
or  other,  tdl  whose  strength  will  admit  of  it  should  take 
regular  exercise  in  good  weather. 

PERIODS  FOR  THE  USE  OF  MINERAL  WATERS. 

The  best  time  for  using  mineral  waters  is  in  the 
morning  before  breakfast,  when  the  stomach  is  empty 
and  the  absorbent  vessels  are  most  active.    They  may 

Senerally  be  used  to  advantage  an  hour  or  two  before 
inner,  and  before  going  to  bed  at  night. 
In  many  cases  it  u  best  that  the  whole  that  is  taken 
in  the  course  of  the  day  be  divided  into  two  parts, 
and  taken,  either  in  the  morning  before  breakfast,  and 
a  short  time  before  dinner,  or  in  the  morning,  and  a 
short  time  before  going  to  bed  at  night. 

Advantage  is  not  often  secured  by  such  waters  taken 

before  supper ;  and  often  such  use  of  them— except  a 

very  moderate  use — is  prejudicial,  from  their  prone- 

ness,  when  thus  taken,  to  run  off  by  the  kidneys. 

As  a  general  rule,  mineral  waters,  and  especially 


^ 


48  MINERAL    WA  TERS  IN  GENERAL. 

alterative  waters,  have  their  bert  effecta  when  taken  be- 
fore breakfast,  and  before  going  to  bed  ai  night.  There 
are  some,  however,  who  do  not  bear  them  well  at 
night  J  and  attention  should  always  be  paid  to  this  cir- 
cumstance. 

Such  waters  should  not  be  used  immediately  before 
or  after  a  meal ;  nor  should  glass  after  glass  ordinarily 
be  trften  in  quick  suecession.  By  such  imprudent  use 
the  stomach  is  overtasked,  and  unpleasant  consequences 
result,  such  as  eructations,  giddiness,  an  unpleasant 
sense  of  fullness,  and  sometimes  permanent  injury  of 
the  stomach  with  atonic  dyspepsia. 

LENGTH  OF  TIME  TO  USE  MINERAL  WATERS. 

The  length  of  time  invalids  should  continue  the  use 
of  mineral  waters  depends  entirely  upon  the  nature  of 
the  ease  for  which  they  are  used,  the  manner  of  using, 
and  the  susceptibilities  of  the  system.  Some  believe 
that  they  will  exert  all  their  sanative  influences  in  a 
given  number  of  days;  and  then  should  be  discon- 
tinued. The  use  of  such  waters  should  not  be  limited 
to  a  given  number  of  days  without  rareful  regard  to 
effects.  Some  cases  will  be  thrown  as  fully  under  their 
curative  influences  in  two  weeks  as  others  will  be  in 
four,  or  even  eight ;  and  yet  they  may  be  equally  well 
adapted  to  each  case.  In  every  case  of  their  adminis- 
tration, respect  should  rather  be  had  to  the  effects  they 
are  producing  than  to  the  time  they  have  been  admin- 
istered. 

They  never  cure  disease  until  they  have  first  produced 
effects  upon  the  system, — effects  which  can  always  be 
distinguished  by  the  experienced  observer,  during  the 
progress  of  their  operation,  with  the  same  certainty 
with  which  he  can  distinguish  the  effects  of  any  of  the 
articles  of  the  materia  medica. 

It  often  happens  that  invalids  use  mineral  waters  that 
are  well  adapted  to  their  cases,  and  use  them  assidu- 


01 
P« 

P' 
fo 

w 

ta 

w 

n 

tl 

in 

w 


a, 

P 
o: 
a 
H 
U 
ii 


5_aaeaiaija&^%.i^&^i^:^ssia&sssis!^4a 


t?ii':SMfiSSSS6ag^Si^Siffii»j&iW*"'^>'* 


'iiiiEiwfff- 


aken  be- 

There 

well  at 

this  cir- 

y  before 
dinarily 
lent  use 
!quences 
pleasant 
njury  of 


rERS. 

!  the  use 
tature  of 
of  using, 
:  believe 
ces  in  a 
discon- 
;  limited 
egard  to 
der  their 
nil  be  in 
lally  well 
adminiS" 
^ects  they 
\  admin - 

jroduced 
ilways  be 
iiring  the 
certainty 
ly  of  the 

Iters  that 
B  assidu- 


HOW  LONG  TO  USE   THEM.  49 

ously  for  several  weeks,  without  deriving  a  particle  of 
permanent  benefit ;  and  this  in  consequence  of  so  im- 
properly using  them,  both  in  time  and  quaniities,  as  to 
force  the  water  out  of  the  system  by  the  emunctones, 
without  touching  the  ^<m/,— without  being  permitted  to 
tarry  long  enough  to  produce  those  sahttary  effects 
which  must  precede  a  cure.  This  is  especially  true  in 
reference  to  waters  that  cure  disease  mainly  through 
their  alterative  influences.  ..,„«.  , 

The  range  of  time  within  which  the  full  effects  of 
mineral  waters  may  be  expected  is  from  two  to  eight 
weeks,  according  to  the  nature  of  the  case,  a  proper  use 
^the  remedy,  and  the  general  suseepHbitity  ef  the  party 
using  them.  .     l  • 

Sulphur  waters,  that  benefit  mamly  through  their 
alterative  powers,  require  a  somewhat  longer  use  to 
produce  their  full  effect  than  do  the  saline,  acidulous, 
or  ferruginous  waters.  I  have  very  rarely  seenxht  fiiU 
alterative  effects  of  the  White  Sulphur  attained  witliin 
two  weehs;  and  have  ^nerally  found  that  from  three 
to  six  weeks'  perseyering  use  of  it  was  necessary  to 
insure  its  full  effects  in  confirmed  and  obstinate  cases. 


5* 


?iw.3SS 


W— ■■■LII        I 


so 


USE  OF  MEDICINES  AND 


r 


CHAPTER  III. 


USB  or  MIDiaNBS   AND  DirrBRBMT  MINBRAL  WATIS8. 
PraMribing  Mfaiefsl  Wateta. 

Thk  iudicioiH  adminhtration  of  mild  and  appropri- 
ate medicines,  in  connection  with  the  tise  of  mineral 
waten,  with  the  object  of  facilitating  their  operations 
upon  the  system,  is  often  a  matter  of  primary  impor- 
tance. 

All  writers  who  treat  of  mineral  waters  as  medicinal 
agents  urge  upon  invalids  the  propriety  of  obtaining 
experienced  medical  advice  before  commencing  their 
use,  and  allude  to  the  occasional  necessity  of  using 
medicines  in  connection  with  them  in  obstinate  cases. 
But  the  circumstances  under  which  medicines  should 
be  used,  and  the  primary  necessity  of  the  practice  in 
particular  cases,  have  not  always  been  as  fully  insisted 
on  as  the  merits  of  such  practice  demand.  This,  we 
suppose,  has  been  owing  rather  lo  the  positions  oc- 
cupied by  the  various  authors  on  mineral  waters,  than 
to  any  want  on  their  part  of  a  proper  appreciation  of 
the  subject.  A  portion  of  such  authors,  although 
learned  and  scientific  men,  and  highly  distinguished  in 
their  profession,  have  not,  nevertheless,  hul  a  large 
actual  experience  in  the  treatment  of  disease  at  min- 
eral fountains  and  with  mineral  waters.  Hence  the 
teachings  of  such  have,  very  properly,  been  designed 
to  show  the  value  and  adaptation  of  such  agents  as  m- 
dependent  remedies,  rather  than  as  important  adjuvant!; 
in  particular  cases;  consequently  they  have  treated 
of  them  in  a  somewhat  isolated  sense,  and  as  they 
would  have  treated  of  any  single  article  of  the  materia 


m< 
wl 
lai 
fe( 
mi 
of 
as 
as 
m 
up 
an 
it) 
ed 
to 
th 
in 

W( 

in 
m 

3 

ei 
ei 
w 
m 

sc 

St 

tl 

ia 
fi 
ii 
t( 
d 
o 
S 
n 


kTMM. 


>ropri- 
lineral 
rations 
impor- 

licinal 
aining 
[  their 

using 
cases, 
should 
ice  in 
isisted 
us,  we 
ns  oc- 
I,  than 
tion  of 
hou^h 
hed  in 

large 
I  vain- 
:e  the 
signed 
;  as  in- 
uvanfs 
reated 
i  they 
lateria 


OF  DIFFERENT  MINERAL  WATERS.         51 

medica.  The  few  who  have  written  upon  the  subject, 
whose  residence  at  mineral  fountains  has  afforded  en- 
larged opportunities  for  investigating  the  peculiar  ef- 
fects of  the  waters  in  individual  and  diversified  cases, 
may,  to  some  extent,  have  been  restrained  by  motives 
of  delicacy  from  enlarging  upon  this  subject  as  fully 
as  they  should  have  done.  Such  authors,  being  settled 
as  practitioners  at  the  fountains  of  which  they  write, 
may  not  unnaturally  have  felt,  that  for  them  to  urge 
upon  the  invalid  visitor  the  necessity  of  medical  advice 
and  assistance,  however  important  they  might  esteem 
it,  and  with  howefer  much  of  candor  and  disinterest- 
edness they  might  do  so,  would  possibly  subject  them 
to  invidious  reflections  by  the  illiberal,  or  even  from 
the  discreet  stranger,  who,  not  fully  appreciating  the 
importance  of  the  subject,  might  misapprehend  their 
well-meant  motives. 

Many  persons  are  disposed  to  regard  mineral  waters, 
in  their  curative  powers,  as  a  panacea,  and,  like  the 
much-extolled  catholicons  of  the  day,  unaided  by  other 
appliances,  and  in  despite  of  scientific  directions  and 
all  the  rules  of  art,  adapted  to  cure  all  manner  of  dis- 
eases. I  need  scarcely  say  that  such  opinions,  when 
entertained,  are  very  erroneous,  and  that  the  judgment 
which  regards  them  as  important  remedies  in  nature's 
materia  metHea,  having,  indeed,  a  wide  and  valuable 
scope  of  operation,  but,  like  all  other  remedies,  neces- 
sarily demanding  various  modifications  and  cautions  in 
their  use,  would  be  far  more  correct  and  reliable. 

Many  consecutive  years  of  experience,  in  the  admin- 
istration of  mineral  waters,  have  given  me  great  con- 
fidence in  their  employment ;  indeed,  I  yield  to  no  one 
in  admiration  of  their  happy  adaptation  for  many  ills 
to  which  flesh  is  heir.  As  independent  remedies,  toUlly 
disconnected  with  all  other  medicinal  aid,  they  are 
often  fully  sufficient  to  attain  the  sanative  end  desired. 
So,  too,  we  occasionally  find  a  single  article  of  the 
materia  mediea,  unaided  by  other  articles,  capable  of 


mmm 


5« 


USE  OF  MEDICINES  AND 


producing  every  beneficial  effect  that  the  case  demands. 
Doubtless,  like  results  occasionally  take  place  from  the 
employment  of  the  various  panaceas  or  catholicons  of 
the  age.  But  where  we  meet  wjth  one  case  in  which  a 
single  article  of  the  materia  medica,  or  an  artificial 
panacea,  unaided  by  all  oth6r  means,  satisfactorily  ful- 
fills all  indications  of  treatment  in  chronic  disease,  and 
results  in  effecting  a  cure,  we  meet  with  perhaps  ten 
cases  in  which  adjunctive  remedies  should  be  employed. 
Be  this  as  it  may,  however,  in  reference  to  the  remedies 
just  alluded  to,  we  know  it  to  be  true  of  alterative  min- 
erd  waters,  not  only  as  to  the  cetiatHty,  but  especially 
as  to  the  eeUrity,  with  which  they  effect  cures  in  obsti- 
nate cases.  This  view  of  the  subject  is  not  only  con- 
sonant with  reason,  but  also  with  the  general  theories 
and  teachings  of  the  profession. 

There  is  an  opp<M(ite  view  of  the  subject,  however, 
which  alleges  that  any  medical  agent,  adapted  to  the 
case,  is  sufficient  of  itself  for  the  case,  and  should 
thereforr  stand  unassisted  by  any  other  means.  This 
theory,  it  will  be  perceived,  leads  necessarily  into  em- 
piricism, and  to  the  discarding  of  all  science  and  dis- 
crimination in  the  use  of  remedies;  and,  consequently, 
ignoanes  the  value  of  all  knowledge  and  experience  in 
the  firqifession. 

Now,  I  admit  that  if  the  selected  agent  be  so  fully 
and  entirely  adapted  as  really  to  fill  every  indication 
in  the  case,  then  the  proposition  I  am  combating  is 
true,r-and  under  such  circumstances  every  judicious 
physician  would  say,  let  it  atone.  But  such  full  and 
complete  adaptations  are  but  occasionally  found  to  ex- 
ist, either  in  medicines  or  mineral  waters ;  and,  in  the 
use  of  the  latter,  even  under  ordinary  happy  adapta- 
tior^t  we  often  find  a  state  of  things  that  primarily 
existed,  br  has  been  superadded,  that  must  be  remedied 
by  appropriate  medicines,  or  the  water,  so  far  from 
proving  beneficial,  will  act  injuriously.  Besides,  ad- 
mitting the  mineral  water  to  be  never  so  well  adapted 


to 
in 
ac 

ju 
is 

tl 
oi 

w 
ct 

ti 

ai 

a 

P 

ti 
u 
n 

t 

ii 
t 

a 
i 
I 
s 

4 


nands. 
[>m  the 
:ons  of 
rhich  a 
rtificial 
ily  ful- 
K,  and 
LDS  ten 
*ioyed. 
meidies 
e  min- 
lecially 
1  obsti- 
\y  con- 
aeories 

wever, 
to  the 
■hould 
This 
to  em- 
kd  dis- 
iiently, 
nee  in 

o  fully 
ication 
ting  is 
licious 
ill  and 
toex- 
in  the 
uU^ta- 
imarily 
nedied 
r  ik-om 
es,  ad- 
djqpted 


OF  DIFFERENT  MINERAL    WATERS.         53 

to  the  case  in  which  it  is  being  used,  its  slow  prog<^ 
in  resolving  congestions  and  in  overcoming  diseased 
action  may,  in  many  cases,  be  greatly  hastened  by 
judicious  adjuvants,  skillfully  and  timeously  admin- 

In  oiistinate  cases  in  which  it  is  desirable  to  procure 
the  specific  operations  of  a  mineral  water  upon  any 
organ,  much  time,  to  say  the  least,  is  saved  by  uniting 
with  the  water,  for  a  few  days,  some  adjuvant  tYaXspe- 
dficalh  determines  to  such  organ.  By  such  a  procedure, 
the  water  may  be  itimted  to  the  organ,  and  establish  ite 
action  upon  it  much  sooner  than  it  would  without  such 

In  diseases  of  the  abdominal  viscera  generally,  the 
patient  may  often  economize  a  week  or  more  of  the 
time  which  otherwise  it  would  be  necessary  for  him  to 
use  the  water,  by  the  proper  introduction  of  «)me 
medical  adjunct  to  the  end  that  has  been  intimated. 

The  propoition  of  invalids,  especially  of  such  a«  are 
suffering  with  biliary  derangements,  that  will  derive 
increased  benefit  from  the  employment  of  mild  altera- 
tive cathartics,  to  precede  or  accompany  the  use  of 
alterative  mineral  waters,  is  as  ten  to  one  at  ieast:  and, 
in  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  the  subject  of  biliary  derange- 
ments will  economite  a  week  or  ten  days,  in  the  neces- 
sary use  of  such  waters,  by  the  occasional  use  of  medi- 

The  general  rule,  which  may  with  safety  be  laid  down 
for  the  guidance  of  those  about  to  use  mineral  waters, 
is  to  have  their  stomach  and  Irowels  well  cleansed  of 
fascal  and  mucous  collections,  and  to  bring  down,  as 
near  as  may  be,  the  circulation  to  a  natural  standard. 

A  medical  rule,  in  attempting  the  cure  of  disease,  « 
to  subdue  inordinate  and  evident  disturbance  of  the 
system  before  we  administer  medicines  with  a  view  to 
their  peculiar  effect.  Thus,  when  the  stomach  and 
bowels  are  highly  irritable,  or  inflamed,  we  decline 
administering  purgatives;  when  there  is  acute  pain  m 


■■^""^'i- .  _ 


54 


XJSR  OF  MEDICINES,  ETC. 


the  head,  with  high  fever,  we  withhold  opium  and  other 
remedies  of  what  are  termed  the  class  of  anodynes ; 
when  the  liver  is4icutel^  inflamed,  we  are  wary  in  giv- 
ing anti-bilious  medicmes,  so  called.  Violent  and 
regularly  recurring  chills  do  not  justify  the  use  of  the 
barks,  if  the  interval  be  marked  by  symptoms  of  high 
action  of  the  blood-vessel  system  generally,  or  of  great 
determination  to  the  head,  liver,  or  stomach.  All 
these  several  states  of  violent  disease  are  to  be  miti- 
gated before  vre  enter  upon  specific  remedies.  Without 
preliminary  treatment  in  the  cases  suppcwed,  purgatives 
would,  so  far  from  carrying  off  matters  oppressive  to 
the  stomach  and  bowels,  and  promoting  secretions  from 
their  inner  surfaces,  only  serve  still  further  to  irritate 
tfnd  inflame  these  parts;  opiates  T;ould  increase  the 
pain  in  the  head  and  restlessness,  and  even  cause  de- 
lirium; bark  would  convert  the  remittent  into  more 
of  a  continual  fever,  and  increase  the  distress  of  the 
stomach,  and  exasperate  the  prior  existing  pain  in  the 
liver. 

From  these  and  other  analogous  facts,  we  learn  the 
important  truth,— overlooked  by  the  public  generally, 
and  sneered  at  by  impudent  quacks, — that  the  oper- 
ations and  remedial  effects  of  any  one  medicine,  or 
combination  of  medicines,  are  furtfy  relative,  and  de- 
pend &n  the  state  ^  ike  animal  economy  at  the  time. 
These  views  should  be  carefully  borne  in  mind,  as  well 
iu  the  administration  of  mineral  waters  as  of  the  ordi- 
nary remedies  of  the  apothecary's  shop. 

I  desire  not  to  be  misunderstood,  however,  as  ex- 
pressing the  opinion  that  medicines  are  always  necessary 
in  ordinary  cases  submitted  to  the  use  of  mineral  waters. 

When  the  powers  of  the  water  are  sufficient  to  an- 
swer, with  tolerable  certainty  and  celerity,  the  sanative 
indications,  it  is  safe,  and  generally  proper,  to  with- 
hold medical  means  altogether;  or,  if  occasionally 
any  should  be  demanded,  to  employ  such  only  as  are 
mud  and  suasive  in  their  character. 


«. 


other 

ynes; 

J  glv- 

i  and 

}f  the 

"high 

great 

All 

tniti- 

ithout 

atives 

ive  to 

tfrom 

Titate 

le  the 

sede* 

more 

>f  the 

in  the 

"n  the 
rally, 
oper- 
le,  or 
uf  de- 
time. 
I  well 
ordi- 

s  ex- 

issarjr 
atert. 
oan- 
lative 
with, 
tnally 
a  are 


PRBSCRIBtNG  MINERAL   WATERS, 


PRESCRIBING  MINERAL  WATERS. 


55 


The  medical  adviser  at  popular  watering-places  has, 
necessarily,  very  delicate  and  responsible  duties  de- 
volved upon  him.  To  some  extent  he  must  be  the  re- 
cipient, in  a  professional  point  of  view,  of  the  confi- 
dence of  the  invalid  stranger  who  has  left  a  distant 
home,  to  seek  at  medicinal  fountains  the  best  remedy 
for  the  maladies  of  which  he  hopes  to  be  relieved. 
This  confidence,  while  it  is  agreeable  to  the  honorable 
mind,  is  not  without  onerous  responsibility. 

A  sufficient  knowledge  of  our  various  mineral 
springs,  to  enable  the  medical  adviter  to  judge  cor- 
rectly of  their  specific  character  and  adaptations,  un- 
folds at  once  to  him  a  wide  field  for  the  exercise  of 
skill  and  judgment,  in  selecting  for  his  patient  the  one 
best  adapted  to  the  nature  and  wants  of  his  case. 

In  the  Virginia  Spring  region,  for  instance,  we  are 
surrounded  by  a  perfect  galaxy  of  mineral  fountains, 
of  almost  every  variety  and  adaptation.  We  have  the 
Su^hur  waters,  in  their  various  modifications;  we  have 
the  Chafybeates,  simple  and  compound,  in  great  vap 
riety ;  the  SaUne,  in  several  varieties ;  the  AAtminoiu, 
or  acidulated  aluminous  chalybeates,  in  three  or  four 
varieties;  and  thermal  waters  of  every  temperature, 
from  6s"  to  106**.  AH  these  fountains  of  healmg,  with 
their  varied  modified  influences  Tfor  each  one  differs 
in  some  essential  particulars  from  ul  the  others),  should 
be  regarded  as  so  many  different  articles  in  nature's 
materia  mediea,  each  possessing  adaptations  somewhat 
peculiar  to  itself,  for  the  different  diseases  or  states  of 
the  system.  Here,  then,  is  a  wide  range  for  the  medt- 
cbI  adviser,  and  his  tact  and  success,  in  advising  most 
wisely,  will  necessarily  depend  upon  his  acquamtance 
with  the  peculiar  qualities  and  specific  effects  of  all 
these  different  agents. 

Again,  such  an  adviser,  to  be  most  useful  to  hit 
patients,  must  be  carefiil  not  to  be  influenced  by  his 


L 


;|ip- 


56 


PRESCRIBING  MINERAL   WATERS, 


loco  persona,  or  to  regard  the  particular  fountain  over 
whose  medical  direction  he  presides,  as  a  catholicon, 
and  adapted  better  than  any  other  to  all  sorts  and  con- 
ditions of  cases.  A  medical  adviser,  at  a  mineral 
founuin,  could  not  well  fall  into  a  greater  error,  or 
more  clearly  evidence  a  want  of  wise  discrimination, 
than  in  finding  his  remedy,  in  all  cases,  in  the  particu- 
lar agent  which  he  immediately  directs;  for,  in  the 
nature  of  things,  such  universal  preference  would  often 
be  misplaced.  Standing  in  the  delicate  relation  which 
such  an  adviser  holds  to  the  invalid  public,  he  must 
regard  the  various  mineral  agencies  around  him  some- 
what in  the  same  light  ic  which  he  regards  the  various 
medicines  of  the  apothecary's  shop,  and  should  wisely 
and  freely  choose  among  them  for  the  use  and  benefit 
of  his  patients.  Any  other  course  would  be  empirical, 
— ^hazardous  to  the  best  interest  of  the  unfortunate  in- 
valid, and  utterly  unworthy  of  his  confidence. 
Under  such  proper  and  discriminating  advice,  the 

Stient  will  often,  perhaps  in  n  majority  of  cases,  be 
1  in  the  course  of  his  cure  ta  the  use  of  several  of  the 
different  fountains.  The  same  water,  however  potent 
it  may  be,  is  not  always,  nor  even  generally,  sqfficient 
to  meet  all  the  indications  that  exist  in  the  case,  and, 
unaided,  to  produce  a  perfect  cure.  There  is  nothing 
more  common  than  the  certainty  with  which  a  particu- 
lar water  accomplishes  particular  results  upon  the  ani- 
mal economy,  while  it  foils  to  accomplish  other  results 
that  will  be  readily  achieved  by  other  and  dissimilar 
waters.  For  instance,  while  some  waters  are  well 
adapted  to  produce  alterative  effects  upon  the  secretory 
organs,  and,  by  their  general  emulging  and  changing 
influences,  to  brin^  the  system  into  a  natural  or  physio- 
logical type, — actions  and  influences  that  are  primary 
in  their  importance,  and  essential  to  a  cure ;  this  being 
accomplished,  .some  of  the  more  tonic  and  nervine 
waters  will  be  found  far  better  adapted  to  strengthen 
the  animal  fibre  and  to  complete  the  cure. 


ipi 
no 
trc 
be 
lal 
uw 
sot 

TI 


ab 
ar( 
vii 
th 
th 

Wi 

of 
ea 

m 
cr 
h< 

af 
ea 

VI 

re 
ai 
•I 


BEST  TIMS  TO  VISIT  SPJtlATGS. 


57 


Potent  waters,  through  the  whole  catalogue  of 
springs,  have  each  their  sphere  of  usefulness,  that  must 
not  be  overlooked  bv  the  discriminating  adviser  in  the 
treatment  of  particular  cases;  and  hence  they  all  should 
be  arrayed  and  labeled,  as  it  were,  in  nature's  great 
laboratory,  and  prescribed  intelligently,  and  as  their 
use  is  indicated  in  the  variety  of  diseases  that  are 
sought  to  be  heded  by  such  agents. 

THE  BEST  PERIOD  OF  THE  YEAR  FOR  INVALIDS 
TO  VISIT  THE  SPRINGS. 

From  the  is/  ef  June  to  the  middle  effufy  is  prefer- 
able to  an  earlier  or  later  period  of  the  season.  There 
are  substantial  reasons  why  invalids  should  make  their 
visits  within  the  range  of  time  mentioned,  and  why 
they  should  prefer  an  earfy  rather  than  a  late  period  of 
this  range  of  time. 

ist.  Because  during  this  period  we  have,  at  our 
watering-places  generally,  the  most  delightful  weather 
of  the  season, — neither  too  warm  nor  too  cool  for 
exercise  in  the  open  air. 

ad.  Because  the  crowd  of  mere  pleasure-seekers  has 
not  set  in  up  to  this  period ;  and  hence  they  are  less 
crowded,  and  all  the  facilities  and  comforts  of  a  quiet 
home  are  more  easily  and  certainly  obtained. 

3d.  In  the  early  period  of  the  summer  soktice,  just 
after  the  cold  and  inclement  weather  of  winter  and 
early  spring,  and  before  the  sufferer  has  become  ener- 
vated by  the  heat  of  summer,  ehrwue  disease  more 
readily  yields  to  the  alterative  influence  of  the  waters, 
and,  consequently,  the  invalid  is  more  certainlv  and 
speedily  |^ed  under  their  curative  powers ;  ana, 

4th.  Because  invalids,  whose  maladies  have  been 
essentially  modified  or  cured  in  the  early  part  of  the 
summer,  have  a  longer  period  of  favorable  weather  in 
which  to  perpetuate  and  confirm  their  amendment  and 
final  cure,  than  those  who  might  receive  inflnenres 

6 


09  BBST  TJMB  TO  VISIT  SPXINGS. 

equally  beneficial,  tnit  obtained  at  a  later  period  of  the 
■uninier> 

I  might  allude  to  other  advantages  enjoyed  by  the 
invalid  who  makes  his  vi«it  to  mineral  waters  early  in 
the  season ;  but  let  it  suffice  to  remark  that  my  long 
observation  as  a  medical  director  of  such  waters  hu 
abundantly  satisfied  me  of  the  decided  advantage  that 
attaches  to  early  rather  than  late  visitation  by  those 
who  are  seeking  to  secure  the  largest  amount  of  benefit 
(rook  their  use.  Hence  I  earnestly  suggest  to  m/aUds 
who  design  visiting  mineral  waters,  not  to  postpone 
their  visit  to  a  late  period  of  the  season,  and  to  cMose 
am  tarfy  ratiur  than  a  iaie  period  of  the  time  I  have 
designated  as  preferable. 


f 


a 

in 

di 

bt 

t» 

g< 
cl 
M 
01 

i 

w 

a 

o 
w 
a 

ti 

g 
o 

H 

si 

SI 

tl 


WEST  VIRGINIA  AND  VIRGINIA  SPRINGS.   59 


1  of  the 

1  by  th« 
early  in 
ay  long 
ten  hu 
ge  that 
y  thoae 
benefit 
imvaUds 
ostpone 
■iehoost 
!  I  have 


CHAPTER  IV. 
WIST  TiRonru  amd  yntomiA  snimos. 

IM  treating  of  the  springs  of  West  Virginia  and  Vir- 
ginia, I  shall  not  be  guided  by  their  chemical  chusifi- 
cation,  nor  strictly  by  their  medicinal  importance,  but 
in  accordance  with  their  location  ' .  be  geographical 
divisions  of  these  States. 

The  Springs  strictly  pertaining  to  what  has  long 
been  known  as  the  "Spring  Region"  will  be  first  no- 
ticed; next,  those  located  in  or  contiguous  to  the 
great  Skenamhah  Valley,  formed  by  the  Appatechian 
chain  of  mountains  on  the  west,  and  the  Blue  Ridge 
Mountain  on  the  east.  Then  will  follow  those  found 
on  the  entem  slopes  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  in  the 
pUne  country  stretching  towards  the  ocean,  known  as 
Eastern  Virginia.  Lastly,  those  located  in  the  south- 
western counties  of  die  State,  commonly  known  as 
Southwest  Vininia. 

The  Virginm  and  West  Virginia  Springs  present 
great  variety  in  chemical  and  thenqieutic  character, 
comprising  various  and  differently  comp<mnded  su^kur 
waters ;  the  ekafyiea^,  simple  and  compounded ;  the 
aeuMnu  or  earbonaUd;  the  taSne;  the  abminaUd 
ehaifbeaUS'-m\^  Okermal  mtiiea,  varying  in  tempera- 
ture from  6a  to  106  degrees  of  Fahrenheit. 

Of  these  Springs,  the  su^kuront  waters  are  found  in 
greater  abunduice  and  in  greater  strength  immediately 
on  the  watem  and  eastern  slopes  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  the  strongest  being  on  their  western  declen- 
sion. The  single  ehafybeates  are  found  in  every  great 
section  of  both  States,  but  in  greatest  strength  along 
the  coune  of  the  great  Appalachian  range,  extending 


I 


I     i 


i\\ 


60    it^JSSr  VIRGINIA  AND  VIRGINIA  SPRINGS. 

from  the  northeastern  to  the  southwestern  extremities 
of  both  of  them. 

The  aciduhus  or  carbonated  waters,  as  well  as  the 
aJumnated  chafybtates,  exist  in  the  greatest  variety  and 
strength  in  the  central  portions  of  the  Great  Valley,  in 
the  counties  of  Augusta,  Rockbridge,  Alleghany.  Mon- 
roe, and  Craig,  but  are  found  in  several  other  counties, 
south  and  west,  along  the  course  of  the  Alleghany  and 
Blue  Ridge  Mountains.  Waters  more  or  less  distinctly 
belonging  to  the  stMne  class  are  found  in  the  same 
range  of  country. 

"nte  most  abundant  mineral  waters  in  these  States, 
except  the  simple  chalybeate,  are  the  aluminated  chap 
•  lybeates,  or  abm  waters  as  they  are  commonly  called. 
They  are  generally  found  adjacent  to  faults  in  the 
strata,  or  where  the  rocks  jjive  evidence  of  derange- 
ment from  their  natural  position,  and  near  the  junc- 
tion of  slate  with  limestone.  They  are  invariably,  I 
believe,  an  infiltration  through  talcose  slate  which  lies 
a  few  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  earth.  I  have  ex- 
amined numerous  specimens  of  these  waters,  obtained 
from  various  neighborhoods,  from  the  head-waters  of 
tite  Shenandoah  River  to  the  extreme  eastern  border  of 
Tennessee,  and  have  found  them  to  possen  the  leading 
chemical  characteristics  of  the  springs  of  this  class 
that  have  been  brought  into  popular  use. 

i  believe  that  all  the  mineral  waters  in  this  great 
range  of  disturbance  are  slightly  thermal,  compared 
with  the  temperature  of  the  common  springs  in  their 
vicinity.  But  the  boundary  of  the  thermal  waters, 
commonly  so  called,  is  only  about  fifty  miles  in  length 
and  of  narrow  dimensions,  having  the  Hot  and  Warm 
l^rings  for  its  northern,  and  the  Sweet  Chalybeate 
and  Sweet  Springs  for  its  southern  extremes. 


i|fW*(Pl!te**"' 


GS, 
emities 

as  the 

ety  and 
iWty,  in 
r.  Mon- 
ounties, 
in^  and 
istinctly 
le  same 

!  States, 
ed  char 
r  called. 

in  the 
lerange- 
le  junc- 
riaoly,  I 
ich  lies 
lave  ex- 
>btained 
aters  of 
order  of 

leading 
lis  class 

lis  great 
smpared 
in  their 
UMUers, 
n  length 
dWarm 
aiybeate 


ROUTES  TO  THE  PRINCIPAL  SPRINGS.       6l 


ROUTES  TO  THE  PRWaPAL  WEST  VIRGINIA  AND 
VIRGINIA  SPRINGS. 

The  results  of  thcf  war  between  the  Northern  and 
Southern  Stotes  so  materially  deranged  traveling  facili- 
ties to  many  of  these  Springs  as  to  make  the  following 
lirections  essential  to  parties  at  a  disUnce  who  desire 

to  visit  them.  .         -,  <•»».« 

Travelers  from  the  North  or  East  to  »ny  o£.tn« 
principal  Springs  in  the  mounuins  of  West  Virginia 
or  ViiSnia,  to  avail  themselves  most  largely  of  rail- 
road focilities,  must  necessarily  make  Staowton  a 
point  in  their  journey.  .  „    .  ..        .u 

From  Stttunttm,  the  Mixkbridgi  and  Bath  Alum,  the 
Warm,  Hoi,  HtaUng,  Whitt  S$f^r,Sait,  and  Jt^ 
&iMur  Springs,  are  conveniently  reached  by  roiiroaa, 
with  small  amount  of  staging,  and  in  the  order  in 
which  they  are  here  set  down.  The  Sweet  and  M 
Sweet  are  on  the  same  general  route,  and  *«5  jf««**p 
by  a  detour  of  seventeen  miles  from  the  White  Sul- 

^  The  YjOm,  the  Mni^gmefy  White,  the  AUei^uMif 
and  Ctiners  Springs,  are  reached  by  «he  t«'«i«'.f*"V 
Eait  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Railroad 
in  the  order  in  which  they  are  here  eoumerated. 

Western  travelers  to  the  White  SuMur,  or  other 
Sprinn  in  their  region,  may  reach  them  most  con- 
veni^y  from  LtmsviUe  or  OneimuUt,  by  boat  to 
MuiUiiighm  on  the  Ohio  River,  from  thence  by  the 
OUufeaki  and  Ohia  Railroad  Mn  the  Sprinp. 


*♦ 


MM 


MM 


6a 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


CHAPTER  V. 


.  WHITK  SULPHUR  SFBINOS. 

Locatioii  and  Ocnenl  Physieal  Characterittict— III  Strangdi  unUbnnlf 
lb*  lame— DoM  not  Iom  in  Strangth  by  pwtiag  with  in  Gw— Dow 
not  dapoaititBMttwIimi  QniMoaat— ItiGutMal  to  Fidt— Iti  Earlx 
HiMorjr— Known  to  the  Indiuu  ■•  a  "  Madicifli  Watw"— Fint 
OMd  m  th«  Whitet  in  iTTt— ProgrcM  of  Improvement!,  and  praant 
Condiuon— Analyiif  or  Mr.  Hayat  aad  IVohMor  Rogan. 

Thb  White  Sulphur  Springs  are  located  in  the  county 
of  Greenbrier,  West  Virginia,  on  Howard's  Creek,  and 
on  the  immediate  confines  of  the  "Great  Western 
Valley,"  being  but  six  miles  west  of  the  Allq^hany 
chain  of  mountains,  which  separates  the  waters  that 
flow  into  the  Chesapeake  Bay  from  tliofte  which  run 
into  the  Golf  of  Mexico. 

The  waters  of  the  spring  find  their  way  into  Howard's 
Greek,  two  hundred  yaids  from  their  source,  which, 
afko-  ftywing  five  miles,  empties  into  Greenbrier  River. 

l^e  spring  is  situated  on  an  elevated  and  beaotifully 
picttticsque  vdlmr,  hemmed  in  by  motmtains  on  every 
side.  Jrol/jr  MmtUam,  celebrated  as  the  theatre  of 
the  exftoits  of  a  chivalrous  heroine  in  the  days  of  In- 
dian troubles,  is  in  full  view,  and  about  two  miles  to 
the  sooth;  to  the  west,  aad  distant  from  one  to  two 
miles,  are  the  GrtmMer  Mmntmrns;  while  the  tower- 
ing Alkgkm^t  in  all  its  grandeur,  is  found  six  miles  to 
the  north  and  east. 

The  spring  is  in  the  midst  of  the  celebrated  "luring 
Region^ '  having  the  "  Hot  Spring"  thirty-five  miles 
to  the  north;  Uie  "Sweet,"  seventeen  miles  to  the 
east ;  the  " Salt,"  and  "Red,"  the  one  twenty-four,  the 
other  forty-one  miles,  to  the  south ;   and  the  "Blue," 


■St 


PHYSICAL  CMARACTBRISTICS. 


63 


ran 


twenty-two  milei  to  the  west.  Its  latitude  is  about 
tyj^**  north,  and  iU  longitude  3j4*  west  from  Wash- 
ington. Its  elevation  above  tide-water  is  twt)  thou- 
sand feet.  It  bursts  with  unusual  boldness  from  rock- 
lined  apertures,  and  is  inclosed  by  marble  casements 
five  feet  square  and  three  and  a  half  feet  deep.  Its 
temptrAturt  is  63**  of  Fahrenheit,  and  remains  uniformly 
the  same  during  the  winter  blasts  and  the  summer's 
heat ;  any  apparent  variation  from  this  temperature 
will  be  found,  I  think,  to  be  owing  to  the  difference  in 
thermometers,  as  repeated  trials  with  the  same  instru- 
ment proved  the  temperature  to  be  uniform. 

The  principal  spring  yields  about  thirty  ^Uons  per 
minute;  and  it  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  this  quantity 
is  not  perceptibly  increased  or  diminished  during  the 
longest  spells  of  wet  or  dry  weather ;  while  other  bold 
springs  of  the  country  have  failed  during  the  long 
droughts  of  summer,  this  has  invariably  observed  "the 
even  tenor  of  its  way."  There  is  no  discoloration  of 
the  water  during  long  wet  spells,  or  other  evidence 
that  it  becomes  blended  with  common  water  percolating 
through  the  earth.  The  quantity  and  temperature  of 
this  spring  being  uniform  under  all  circumstances  gives 
a  confidence,  which  experience  in  its  use  has  verified, 
of  its  uniform  strength  and  efficacy.  The  water  ii 
clear  and  transparent,  and  deposito  copiously,  as  it 
flows  over  a  rough  and  uneven  surface,  a  wM*,  and 
sometimes,  under  peculiar  circumstances,  a  red  and 
ihuk,  precipitate,  composed  in  part  of  lU  saline  ingre- 
dients. Its  tatt«  and  smtU,  fresh  at  the  spring,  are 
those  of  all  waters  strongly  impregnated  with  sul^u- 
retted  hydrogen  gas.  When  removed  from  the  spring, 
and  kept  in  an  open  vessel  for  a  sufficient  length  of 
time  for  this  gas  to  escape,  or  when  it  has  been  k«attd 
or  frozen  for  this  purpose,  it  becomes  essentially  tatit- 
ietsvA  itudorms,  and  coukl  scarcely  be  distinguished, 
either  by  smell  or  taste,  from  common  limestone  water. 
Its  cathartic  activity,  however,  is  rather  increased  than 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPJttNGS. 


ill 


diminished  when  thus  insipid  and  inodorous.*  It  does 
not  lose  its  transparency  bv  parting  with  its  gas,  as 
many  other  waten  do;  nor  does  it  deposit  its  salu  in 
the  slightest  degree  when  quiescent,  not  even  sufficiently 
to  stain  a  glass  vessel  in  which  it  may  be  kept. 

The  gas  of  this  spring  is  speedily  fatal  to  all  animals, 
when  immeised  even  for  a  verv  short  time  in  its  waters. 
Small  fish  thus  circumstanced  survive  but  a  few  mo> 
ments,  first  manifesting  entire  derangement,  with  great 
distress,  and  uniformly  dving  in  less  than  three  minutes. 

The  water  is  uniform  in  its  saline  strength;  that  is. 
it  contains  in  a  given  quantity,  at  all  seasons,  the  same 
amount  of  solid  contents.  Of  this  fact  I  am  fully  satis- 
fied, fkom  repeated  tests  and  examinations  of  it,  under 
various  circumstances,  and  for  many  years.  It  exhibits 
occasional  and  slight  variations  in  the  amount  of  iU  free 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas.  This  variation  is  occasioned 
mainly,  if  not  entirely,  by  the  condition  of  the  atmos- 
phere at  the  time,  and  principallv  by  its  electrical 
condition.  Even  this  variation  in  the  water,  however, 
is  moi«  apparent  than  real,  and  is  often  suspected  when 
it  docs  not  actually  exist. 

In  the  absence  of  chemical  tests,  the  difference  m 
the  water  is  judged  of  entirely  by  UuU  and  sm*U,pnn- 
cipally  by  the  latter;  and  some  conditions  of  the 
atmospheie  being  more  fiworable  than  others  for  the 
evolution  and  diffonon  of  the  gas,  the  actual  relative 
amount  in  evolution  is  often  misjudged. 

The  springs  are  surrounded  with  mountain  scenery 
of  great  beauty,  and  bleved  with  a  most  delightfm 
climate  in  summer  and  fall.  Independent  of  the 
benefit  that  may  be  derived  from  the  waters,  a  better 
situation  for  invalids  during  the  summn  months  can 
scarcely  be  imagined.  They  have  the  advantage  of  a 
salubrious  and  invigorating  air  and  an  agreeable  tem- 
perature,—cool  at  morning  and  evening,  the  thermome- 

•  SMelwB.«i..on  "The  Relathre  VirtuMof  the  Saline  awl 
Contantsof  the  White  Sulphur  Water." 


te 

5< 
«! 
at 

ti 

ci 

ir 

u 

P 
fi 
ii 
o 
1 
« 
k 
ii 

c 
I 


i^&nii^.^- 


-rflr 


It  does 

gas,  as 

salts  in 

Hciently 

inimals, 
I  waters. 
lew  mo* 
ith  great 
minntes. 
that  is, 
the  same 
Uy  satis- 
t,  under 
exhibits 
if  its  free 
casioned 
eatmos* 
dectrical 
lowever, 
ted  when 

rence  in 
tttt  prin- 
I  of  the 
s  for  the 
i  relative 

I  scenery 
lelightflil 
it  of  the 
,  abetter 
nths  can 
itageof  a 
ftbwtem> 
lemone* 


EAXL  Y  HISTOR  Y.  6$ 

ter  ranging  at  those  periods,  during  the  summer,  between 
so"  and  6o«*,  and  rarely  attaining  a  greater  height  than 
8s'  at  any  time  of  the  day,— with  an  elasticity  in  the 
atmosphere  that  prevents  the  heat  from  being  at  any 
time  oppressive,  and  enabling  the  invalid  to  take  exer- 
cise in  the  open  air  during  the  day  without  fatigue. 

There  is  but  little  in  the  early  history  of  this  water- 
ing-place especially  worthy  of  preservation.        .... 
Tradition  says  that  the  charming  valley  in  which  it 
is  situated  was  once  a  favorite  *'  hunting-p'OMnd'  of  the 
proud  Shawanees,  who  then  owned  and  occupied  this 
fair  region ;  and  the  numerous  ancient  graves  and  rude 
implements  of  the  chase,  that  are  found  in  various  parts 
of  the  valley,  sufficiently  attest  the  truth  of  this  legend. 
That  a  small  marsh,  originally  contiguous  to  the  spring, 
was  once  a  favorite  deer  and  bufialt  "  lick,"  is  well 
known  to  the  oldest  white  settlers  in  t'  J  country ;  wid 
it  is  confidently  asserted  by  some  o;  that  venerab?e 
class  that  the  spring  was  known  to  the  Indians  as  a 
"medicitu  water,"   and    that  since  their  ;  .grat  on 
across  the  Ohio  they  have  occasionally  >>s.'en  knc-n  to 
visit  it  for  the  relief  of  rheumatic  affections.    Wi  ciher 
this  legend  be  truth  or  fiction,  I  cannot  avouch; 
authenuc  history,  however,  abundantly  testifies  to  the 
reluctance  with  which  its  ancient  owners  abandoned 
this  lovely  valley  to  the  n^Mcious  avarice  of    ^^    n- 
vading  white  man. 

During  the  year  1774,  the  proud  but  lU-fatet*  Shawa- 
nees, being  overpowered  by  the  encroaching  colonists 
from  Eastern  Virginia,  and  having  sustained,  in  Octo- 
ber of  that  year,  a  signal  defeat  by  the  colonial  troops, 
at  Point  Pleasant,  were  forced  finally  to  abandon  their 
country,  and  seek  shelter  and  protection  with  the  main 
body  of  their  tribe,  then  living  on  the  waters  of  the 
great  Scioto ;  not,  however,  until,  by  frequent  battles 
and  midnight  murders,  they  had  testified  their  attach- 
ment  to  their  ancient  hunting-grounds  and  the  gravee 
of  their  ftthers. 


€ 


111  I' 


M 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


The  property  on  which  this  spring  is  situated  was 
originally  patented  to  Nathan  Carpenter,  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  of  the  country,  who  was  subsequently 
killed  by  a  band  of  nuurauding  Indians,  at  a  fort  at  the 
mouth  of  Dunlap's  Creek,  near  where  the  town  of 
Covington  now  stands. 

The  precise  time  at  which  this  spring,  now  so  cele- 
brated among  mineral  waters,  was  first  used  for  the  cure 
of  disease,  cannot  be  ascertained  with  absolute  cer- 
tainty. It  is  believed,  however,  that  a  Mrs.  Anderson, 
the  wife  of  one  of  the  oldest  settlers,  was  the  first  white 
person  who  tested  its  virtues  as  a  medicine. 

In  1778,  this  lady,  being  afflicted  with  rheumatism, 
was  borne  on  a  litto',  from  her  residence,  ten  or  fifteen 
miles,  to  the  spring,  where  a  tent  was  spread  for  her 
protection  from  the  weather;  and  %  **  baikii^iub" 
provided,  by  felling  and  excavating  a  huge  tree  that 
grew  hard  by.  Here  she  remained  until  she  entirely  re- 
covered, drinking  from  the  fountain,  and  bathing  in  the 
water  previouoly  heated  in  the  trough  by  "hot  rocks." 
It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  fame  of  this  cure 
^spread  abroad  among  the  "settlers,"  and  from  them  into 
Eastern  Virginia,  and  among  the  few  "spring-going 
folks,"  who  then  anmially  visited  the  Sweet  Springs, 
not  many  miles  distant.  Accordingly,  in  1779,  and 
from  that  to  1783,  there  wa%  annually  a  few  visitors 
here,  who  wpttaA  their  tents  near  the  q)ring,  no  house 
having  then  been  erected,  and  with  the  rude  "trough" 
for  a  bathing-tub,  and  thk  protection  from  the  weather, 
are  reported  to  have  vpesA  their  time  most  agreeably 
and  profitably.  Some  of  these  primitive  visitMs, ' '  who 
dii«lt  in  tents,"  have  visited  the  q>ring8  of  late  yews, 
and,  with  pleasurable  emotions,  marked  out  the  wptit 
wWe  their  tents  stood  some  nxty  years  ago.  white 
diey  lecotmted  with  de%ht  tiie  auMisemaitB  wdA  pleas- 
ures they  then  enjoyed. 

In  1784,  1785,  and  1786,  numerous  "log-cabini" 
were  erected,  not  where  any  of  the  present  buUdings 


sta 
of 
rei 

pn 
bu 
un 
bu 
sui 

ph 

wc 

OK 

pr 

gJJ 
de 

»7 
bo 

.a 

an 

ro 


W) 

of 
cc 

ti< 

ci 


of 
«c 


.Ji- 


ANALYSIS, 


67 


ted  was 
of  the 
quentljr 
t  at  the 
:own  of 

so  cele- 
thecttre 
lite  cer- 
ideison, 
St  white 

tnatism, 

r  fifteen 

for  her 

ree  that 
irelyre- 
ig  in  the 
rocks." 
his  cure 
lem  into 
>g-going 
Springs, 
79,  and 
r  visitoiB 
10  house 
trough" 
weather, 
greeably 
s,  "who 
teyews, 
the  qpot 
o.  while 
idplei*- 

•cabins" 
^Udings 


stand,  but  immediately  around  the  spring,— not  one 
of  which,  or  the  materials  which  composed  it,  is  now 
remaining. 

Mr.  Caldwell,  until  recently  the  proprietor  of  the 
property,  came  into  possession  of  it  in  the  year  1808, 
but  did  not  personally  undertake  ijte  improvement 
until  the  summer  of  1818.  Before  this  period,  the 
buildings  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors,  although 
sufficient  for  the  number  that  then  resorted  to  the 
ptace,  were  exceedingly  rude,  being  altogether  small 
wooden  huts.  The  interest  and  enterprise  of  the- 
owner  soon  led  him  into  a  different  and  more  appro- 
priate system  of  improvement,  and  from  small^  be- 
ginnings he  went  on,  progressing  in  the  rapid  ratio  of 
demand,  until  from  the  "  tent  ^'  accommodations  in 
1779,  and  the  "log-cabins"  in  1784,  the  place  now, 
both  in  elegance  and  extent,  exhibits  the  appearance  of 
a  neat  and  flourishing  village,  affording  comftutable 
ami  convenient  accommodations  (including  the  sur- 
rounding hotels)  for  two  thousand  persons.* 

ANALYSIS. 

In  the  winter  of  184a,  Mr.  Augustus  A.  Hayes,  of 
Massachusetts,  made  an  analysis  of  the  White  Sulphur 
water,  at  his  laboratory  in  Roxbury,  from  a  few  bottles 
of  water  forwarded  to  him  from  the  spring  in  the  pre- 
ceding bll.  The  following  is  the  result  of  his  examina- 
tions:— 

"  Compared  with  pure  water  free  from  air;  its  spe- 
cific gravity  is  i.ooa54.  ^   .. 

"  50,000  grains  (about  seven  pints)  of  this  water 

•  In  tiw  iMtaK  of  1857,  fte  White  Sulphur  propett)'  was  sold  to  a 
eomnuir  of^atlcmcn  lohBiig  principdly  in  Viiginia,  who  (in  ^e 
Sriraact  of  ttie  Lesislature)  have  asfMciatwl  tiwmtelves  into  a  jamt- 
itMk  tamf^y,  under  the  name  of  the  "  WUtt&^kmr  ^riw'  Cm- 
fai^."  TMf  iart  erected  the  laiseit  buUding  bs  the  Southeni 
eooatiy. 


§g  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

conuined,  in  solution,  3.633  water  grain  measures  of 
gaseous  matter,  or  about  1. 14  of  its  volume,  consistmg 
of— 

Nitrogen  gu ^'^\ 

Oxygen  gu **• 

Cubonicacid "-44} 

Hydro-aulpburic  add « - •**" 

"  One  gallon,  or  237  cubic  inches,  of  the  water  con- 
tain 16  739-1000  cubic  inches  of  gas,  having  the  pro- 
portion of — 

Nitrogen  gu - •• 4-«o 

Oxygen  gas <?• 

Carbonic  acid xx.9ijf» 

Hydro-tulphnric  acid •*y* 

16.739 

"50,000  puins  of  this  water  contain  115  735-1000 
grains  of  sahne  matter,  consisting  of — 

Sulphate  of  lime *7.i« 

Sulphate  of  qnagnesia. 3«»'3*4 

Chloride  of  magnetium • ••S9 

CariMMiateofUme »•«*«» 

Organic  matter  (dried  at  aia"  F.) .••••  a-74«> 

Carbonic  add • •••••  4'S>4 

Silicates  (sUica  1.34.  potarii  .x8.  soda  .66,  magnesia,  and  a 
tnwe  of  oxid.  Iron) •  *V** 

nS>735 

"  Unlike  saline  sulphuretted  waten  generally,  this 
water  contains  a  minute  proportion  of  chlorine  only, 
the  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia  forming  nearly  ten- 
elevenths  of  the  saline  matter. 

"The  alkaline  bases  are  also  in  verjr  sm»ll  propor- 
tion, and  seem  to  be  united  to  the  siliceous  earths  in 
combination  with  a  peculiar  orrame  matter.  The 
organic  matter,  in  its  physical  and  chemical  character, 
resembles  that  found  in  the  water  of  the  Red  Sulphur 
Springs,  and  differs  essentially  from  the  organic  matter 
of  some  thermal  waters. 

"In  ascertaining  its  weight,  it  was  rendered  dry  at 


isures  of 
snsisting 


■  -.  -»■ '  ii  HI  I.  ■■aii>i;y,n'.'ii!'  'j^.w^iwn  * 


■'tiiiitimirjimmmtgfff'IlK^ 


•  ANALYSIS.  6f 

the  tempcnture  of  aia<*  F.    When  dry,  it  is  a  grayish- 
wh^;'. .   'raoslucent  solid.     When  recendy  sraarated 
froDi  a  f  4id  containing  it,  it  appeus  as  a  thin  jelly  or 
mucilage,  and  gives  to  a  large  bulk  of  fluid  a  mucoiw- 
like  appearance,  with  the  property  of  frothing  by  agi- 
tation.   It  unites  with  metallic  oxides  and  forms  com- 
pounds both  soluble  and  insoluble.    In  nuMt  cases  an 
excess  of  iMse  renders  the  compound  insoluble.    The 
ccHuponnd  with  cxide  of  silver  is  soluble  in  water ;  with 
baryta  and  lime  it  does  not  fcHrm  a  {nvcipitate,  while 
magnesia  forms  with  it  a  hydrous  white  gelatinous 
mass.    In  acids  it  dissolves;   the  oxy-acids  do  not 
change  its  composition,  while  they  are  diluted  and 
cold ;  by  boiling  they  produce  sul|^iEric  acid  finnn  its 
constituent  sulphur,  and  change  its  carbon  to  other 
forms.    In  contact  with  earthy  sulphates  at  a  moderate 
temimitture,  it  produces  hydrOnnilplMirie  add,  tmd  U 
ikis  souree  that  addtonUuHediH  Ou  water  m^  be  inuei. 
This  substance  does  not  n^idly  attract  o»rgen  from 
Uie  atmo^here,  and  from  colored  compound,  as  wait 
other  organic  compounds  do.     The  prop^ion  of 
organic  Aiatter,  like  that  usually  contained  in  our 
waters,  is  in  this  water  very  small;  until  forty-nine- 
flftieths  of  the  bulk  of  a  quantity  is  evaporated,  the 
residual  matter  does  not  become  colored,  and,  when 
the  saUne  residue  is  driefl,  it  is  of  a  pale  yellow. 

"  T%e  mediyifvU  properties  of  this  waUv  are  probably 
due  to  the  action  of  this  organic  substuice.  The  hydro- 
sulphuric  acid,  resuUing  from  its  natural  action,  is  one 
of  the  most  active  substances  within  the  reach  of  phy- 
sicians, and  there  (fre  ehemicai  reataiu  far  st^posing 
dUU,  e^er  the  water  has  retuhed  the  shmaeh,  smOmr 
changes,  aeeoH^amed  by  the  product  ef  hydrv-su^kmie 
aeid,  Hihe  piaee."* 


•  See  diap.  vL.  on  "The  Relative  Virtue!  of  the  S«Uae  aitd  Omwiu 
ConteaH  of  the  White  Sulphur  Water." 

7 


<MM 


yo  WHITB  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

Profoaor  William  B.  Rogen  also  indyied  this  water. 
The  following  is  the  result  of  his  examinations : 

Solid  matter,  procured  by  evaporation  from  loo 
cubic  indhes  of  the  water,  weighed,  after  being  dried 
at  sis",  65.54  gnuns. 

Quantity  of  each  solid  ingredient  in  100  cubic 
inches,  estimated  as  pofectly  free  from  water : 

SidplMteof  lime SJ-Mo  V^^ 

.     Sotohateof  macneiift ••«4« 

SnlBliateirfnda 4-«SO       " 

CaiboMte  of  Uom - I'SSJ 

Cuiximteofaiacneiia - «-S«»       „ 

Chloride  of  magMrium "..~..  o^« 

CUerideafa^um 0.010      " 

Chloride  of  aodiom • <».m6       » 

FhKo-ittlphartoofiion...... «>-<»9       ,, 

SnlphMe  of  ahuBiiM. aoie 

Saraif  phoiphatet. •••••••  »ti«oe. 

AabihU  omunk^  awtter  btendMl  with  a  lUfB  pro. 

pOftioa  of  so^or,  about S 

lodiBB.  ooaabiiwd  with  wdhuB  or  magnerittm. 

Volume  of  each  of  the  gases  in  a  free  state,  contuned 

in  100  cubic  inches:* 

<    SnliibiinMed  bTdragea 0.66  to  1.30  cuUe  iodiM. 

Nm^an •••  i-M  cnUcinohes. 

OiqrgM • 0-2        " 

Canoide  acid...... 3*07 

•  100  ciihio  inches  amounts  to  about  $1  pinti. 


# 


HUM  iHWPi,i.ijB>>>t<»wiirfii,. 


is  water. 

• 

om  loo 
ig  dried 

to  cubic 


>  grains. 
t  " 

►  " 

i  " 

I  " 

)  " 

i  " 

t  " 
I 


ontuned 

teiodMt. 

c 


..mHi.ynii;imn»l<'..iil'..'  Jl.i.n.HJH'iiiii.iiJii».iwv 


I  iiiiiif i^il.w »i  II  lull  J)l 


SAL/ATE  AND  GASEOUS  CONTENTS.  71 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  ItBLATIV*  VIRTUES  OF  THE  SAUME  AND  GASEOUS 
OOMTEMTS  or  THE  WHITB  SULPHUR  WATER. 

Speculation  has  existed  as  to  the  relative  eflScacy  of 
thedifferentcomponentparts  of  the  White  Solphor  water 
in  the  cure  of  disease  j  and  while  some  have  supposed 
that  its  gosious  conients  are  essential  to  its  m"***];*^- 
tues,  otters*  and  I  think  the  best-informed  obs^rers, 
attribute  its  medicinal  virtues  mainly  to  >*»«»»'  ^ 
saUme  eonttnif.  To  the  latter  opinion  tte  able  ^mo^ 
of  Natural  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Virginia, 
who  has  carefully  examined  the  water,  wnd  other  dis- 
tinguished  chemists  and  physicians,  decidedly  incline. 

It  certainly  is  a  question  of  interest  to  the  vuetudi- 
narian,  whether  he  should  use  this  .water  fresh  as  it 
flows  from  the  wring,  abounding  in  all  its  «»m«wtong 
gas,  or  whether  he  should  use  it  after  t  has/^^  or 
%Mrefy  parted  with  this  gas.  To  this  subject  I  tevc 
devoted  particular  attention,  having  instituted,  with 
care,  various  and  diversified  experiments,  in  order  tt> 
establish  somethhig  like  definite  and  positive  conchi< 

sions.  ,      ,         •• 

Although  the  value  of  this  water  in  what  »  w«f  V 
termed  its /i«»-*ilw»«>^'*«/'^'<*''  '^^  other  woids,  when 
deprived  of  its  gas,  has  long  been  known  to  many  tjo 
are  fimiliar  with  its  use,  it  was  not  until  Ae Jart  few 
years  that  it  was  commonly  used  firom  choice,  after  it  naa 
been  long  removed  from  the  spring,  or  from  any  cause 
had  partid  with  i«i  gaseous  contents  j  and  an  opinion, 
the  correctness  of  which  had  never  been  examined, 
prevailed  in  the  minds  of  many,  that  m  losing  its  gaa 
it  lost  its  strength  and  efficacy. 


^^,^^;^^^.^^:*i*^ijihi|i^|gttj|^^  -v  --.  ■.  jJ^-" '  '-'^'i?  - '^ 


WMITB  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


Having  settled  at  the  *' White,"  as  the  physician  of 
the  place,  it  became  alike  my  duty  and  my  interest  to 
investigate-  the  character  and  operations  of  its  waters 
under  every  possible  form  and  modification  in  which 
they  could  be  presented.  In  the  pursuit  of  this  duty, 
I  re«qlved  to  take  no  opinion  upon  "  trust,"  but  care- 
folly  to  examine  and  investigate  for  myself.  A  promi- 
nent question  immediately  presented  itself  for  inquiry, 
involving  the  relative  merits  whica  the  soUd  and  gcut' 
em  ingredients  of  the  water  possess  as  remedial  agents. 
It  would  be  tedious,  and  to  many  uninteresting,  to 
detail  the  several  steps  and  multiplied  experiments 
which  led  me  to  condusions  upon  the  subject,  satis- 
foctory  to  mv  own  mind,  and  tq>on  which  I  have  estab- 
lished certain  practical  pinciples  in  the  use  of  the 
wr  ^,  which  have  enaUed  me  to  prescribe  it,  especially 
for  nervous  and  extitabk  faHenti,  with  far  g^reater  suc- 
cess dian  heretofore.  It  is  sufficient  for  my  purpose  at 
present  to  state  that,  while  I  freely  admit  that  tne^Ar, 
which  abounds  in  the  water,  is  an  active  neivwe  sUtnu- 
lOHtt  and  therefore  may  be  a  most  potent  agent  in  some 
cases,  we  are,  nevertheless,  to  loox  mainly  to  the  solid 
}oi$/etitt  of  the  water  for  its  aUeraHve  power,  as  well  as 
for  its  activity  manifested  through  the  emnnctorics  of 
the  body. 

Whetner  the  tfficacy  of  the  solid  contents  be  owing 
to  the  qpeciftc  character  of  any  raie,  or  to^all  of  the 
ihsrteeu  difsrmt  salts  of  which  it  is  composed,  and 
wiiidi  exist  in  the  water  in  the  most^  minute  form  of 
sabdivU^,  and  in  this  conditi<m  enter  the  circulation, 
and  cotitse  through  the  idiole  system,  aj^lving  them- 
sdves  to  the  dttosed  tissuesr  or  #hetha-  its  efficacy, 
to  some  extent,  depehds  upon  the  evohttioH  of  sulDhu-> 
retted  hydrogen  gas,  e^er  the  water  has  reached  ihe 
stomach,  is  a  matter  of  curious  inquiry. 

Ihe  distinguished  chemist,  Mr.  Hayes,  of  tRox- 
bw  ,  after  having  bestowed  much  pains  in  analyzing 
the  water,  and  in  rtudying  its  peculiar  character,  comes 


IIWS*' 


,comn 


SALINE  AND  GASEOUS  CONTENTS.         73 

to  the  following  conclusions  aa  to  the  source  of  its 
medicinal  power.  After  describing,  at  considerable 
length,  a  cerUin  matter  which  he  found  to  abound  in 
it,  and  which  he  terms  "anamc  maffer,"  in  the  .course 
of  which  he  says,  "it  diflfcrs  essentiallv  from  the  or- 
ganic matter  of  some  thermal  waters,"  he  proceeds  to 
say :  "In  contact  with  earthy  sulphates,  at  a  moderate 
temperfture,  it  produces  hydro-sulphuric  acid,  and  U 
aUs  souret  that  acid  eotUaitud  in  the  water  maf  be 
traced.  This  substance  does  not  rapidly  attract  ozvgen 
from  the  atmosphere,  and  from  colored  compounds,  as 
some  other  organic  compounds  do;  tiie  medieiiuU proper- 
tUsof  ihis  water  are  froiabfy  due  to  the  action  of  tkis 
ormnic  substance.  The  hydro-sulphuric  «cid,  resulting 
from  its  natural  action,  is  one  of  the  most  active  sub- 
stances within  the  reach  of  physicians.  There  are 
chemicaf  reasons  for  supposing  that,  after  the  water  has 
reached  the  stomach,  similar  chains,  accon^amed  by  the 
production  <f  fydro-su^huric  acid,  take  place:* 

Before  Mr.  Hayes  had  communicated  the  above 
opinion,  growing  out  of  his  chemical-  examinations,  I 
had  again  and  again  been  much  interested  with  certain 
phenomena  which  I  have  termed  the  secondary  forma- 
tion K^fiu  in  the  White  Sulphur  water.  Instances  had 
frequently  been  r*ported  to  me  of  the  water  havmg 
been  put  into  bottles  after  it  had  lost  its  gas  entinfy, 
being  void  both  of  taste  and  smell,  and  yet,  after  these 
bottles  were  lu»t  for  some  days  in  a  warm  situation, 
and  then  opened,  the  water  appeared  equally  strong  of 
the  hydro^phuric  acid,  as  it  is  found  to  be,  fresh  at 
the  fountain. 

In  a  riiipment  of  this  water  to  Calcutta,  some  years 
since,  the  "Transporting  Company"  had  the  water 
bottled  in  Boston,  from  barrels  that  had  been  filled  at 
the  spring  six  months  before.  The  water,  although 
tasteless  and  inodorous,  when  put  into  the  bottles  at 

•  See  Hayes's  Ana]^,  dtap.  T. 
7* 


jM 


^^^g^^mm^^a&iis^i^^Ms^i^^^^ii'^^^^"^^^'-'^^^^^*^'- 


NHiMMMfMilMMi 


u 


WmTB  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


Boston,  was  fotmd,  on  its  arrival  at  Calcutta,  so 
strongly  impregnated  with  the  hydh)-salphuric  acid  as 
to  render  it  necessary,  under  the  direction  of  an  in- 
telligent gentleman  of  Boston  (who  had  witnessed 
this  secondary  formation  of  gas  before),  to  uncork  the 
bottles  for  some  time  before  using,  that  the  excess  of 
gas  might  escape. 

I  had,  also,  known  that  in  the  process  of  thamng 
sulphur  water,  which  had  been  previously  frozen,  sul- 

!>huretted  hydrogen  gas  is  evolved;  for  although  the 
ce  has  neither  the  taste  nor  smell  of  sulphur,  a  strong 
smell  of  sulphuretted  hydn^n  is  manifest  as  the  ice 
is  returning  to  water.  ,    \    . 

I  had  often  observed  that  individuals,  who  drank  the 
water  entirely  siaU,  and  void  alike  of  Uute  and  mett^ 
were  as  liable  to  have  eructations  of  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen as  those  who  drank  it  fresh  at  the  foOntain. 
These,  and  other  facts  connected  with  the  peculiar 
operations  and  effects  of  the  water  when  used  in  its 
ungaseous  form,—- ojperationiandeffects  which  it  is  not 
jMce»ary  here  to  refer  to,  but  aH  goinjr  to  prove  the 
'  secondary  formation  of  gas  under  cieirtain  circumstances, 
—had,  in  my  investigations  of  this  water,  interested 
me  exceedingly;  and,  conseouently,  I  was  not  a  little 

{•leased  that  Mr.  Hayes's  chemical  examinations  so 
iilly  sust&iuxl  the  opinions  I  had  been  led  to  enter- 
tain from  my  personu  observation. 

This  opinion  of  Mr.  Hayes,  in  connection  with  the 
numert^us  prooft  derived  from  analogy  and  observation, 
of  the  sKomiarf  formation  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen 
gas  in  the  wat^r,  would  seem  to  be  calculated  to  har- 
monize the  opinion  advanced  by  me  of  the  tftal 
.  tffieoQ  of  the  water  when  deprived  of  ittgas,  with  the 
sentiment  entertained  bjr  some,  that  the  hydrogen  gas 
te  essential  to  its  sanative  opeAtions. 

The  phenomenon  of  a  secondary  formation  of  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen  gas  in  mineral  waters  has  ncrt, 
that  I  am  aware  of,  been  noticed  before;  it  certainly 


ht 
h< 
o< 
X\ 
tc 

V 

n 

o 

t1 
t1 
n 

/ 

0 

t 

f 
t 

I 


.-    -—      s 


1 


itta,  ao 
:  acid  as 
f  an  in- 
itnessed 
cork  the 
accenof 

Rawing 
zen,  sul- 
mgh  the 
a  strong 
I  the  ice 

Irank  the 

Bttedhy- 
FoOntatn. 
peculiar 
ed  in  its 
i  it  is  not 
>rove  the 
nstances, 
nterested 
Dt  a  little 
ations  so 
to  enter- 

withthe 
tervation, 
hydrogen 
■d  to  har- 
fhe  t^l 
,  with  the 
r<^engas 

m  'of  sol- 
has  not, 
certainly 


SALINE  AND  GASEOUS  CONTENTS.         75 

has  not  been  in  relation  to  the  White  Sulphur,  and  we 
hope  that  medical  gentlemen,  generally,  who  may  have 
oc^Mion  to  use  such  waters,  will  direct  *ttention  to 
this  singular  fact.  For  myself  I  promise  still  further 
to  investigate  the  subject,  and  may,  at  some  wbsequent 
period,  lay  the  results  of  my  investigations  before  the 
inedicid  public.  .  . 

My  investigations  of  the  relative  virtues  of  >1»  gase- 
ous  and  saline  contents  of  this  water  have  satisfied  me 
that  the  physician,  in  making  up  his  jud^nt  as  to 
the  best  method  of  administering  it  in  particular  cases, 
may  always  properly  moot  the  propriety  of  using  it 
Jresh  as  it  flows  from  the  spring,— <*5^fWf</«r  tts  gas,— 
or  with  motm^l  fMnHties.    He  should  bear  in  mind 
that  there  are  cases  in  which  it  is  preferable  that  the 
water  should  be  used  siale,  and  that,  by  depnvmg  it  in 
wkfiU  or  in  fart  of  its  gas,  he  can  graduate  that 
amount  of  stimulus  to  the  system,  which  it  may  de- 
mand, and  this,  in  most  cases,  without  lessenmg  the 
actmeh  operative  or  aUeraHve  effects  of  the  water. 

For  some  patients,  the  White  Sulphur,  as  it  flows 
from  the  spring,  is  too  stimulate,  and  hence,  before 
the  noH'StmmhHng  method  of  using  it  wm Jntioduc^, 
many  such,  patients  left  the  spring,  eithwr  without 
riving  the  water  a  trial,  or  actually  rendered  worse  Dy 
Its  stimulating  influence.  This  class  of  persons  cwi 
now  use  the  water,  when  d^'d^  ^  ^jft^^ 
with  impunity,  but  often  with  the  happiert  multo. 
Numerous  cures,  effected  by  its  use  m  the  Iwt  thirty 
veais.  have  been  in  that  class  of  patients  by  whom  the 
water,  /ivsh  at  the  l^t^,  could  not  have  been  used 

without  injury.  .  «    :«  ♦i.„*. 

■  In  cases  of  nervous  persons,  and  especially  m  thoie 
whose  brain  is  prone  to  undue  excitement,  I  have  often 
found  it  necessary,  either  hj  freening  ox  Juattng  the 
water,  to  throw  off  its  gas  completely,  before  it  coiUd 
be  tolerated  by  the  system ;  and  some  of  the  happiat 
results  I  have  ever  witnessed  from  the  use  of  the  water 
have  been  achieved  by.it  after  being  Wmprepared. 


Wftgiifmmmmmmm 


^  WHITB  SULPHUR  SPRtNGS. 

My  object  in  prescribing  White  Sulphur  has  been  to 
pursue  a  discriminating  or  pathoU^al  practice.  I 
regard  it  as  an  active  and  potent  medtthu,  and  believe 
that,  like  all  such  medicines,  it  should  be  used  with  a 
wise  reference  to  the  nature  of  the  case  and  the  state 
of  the  system.  I  miat  net  be  widtrs^od  at  adoatuing 
Ou  efimoH,  tkaf  tJUt  waUr  is  atwt^s  to  be  frrftmi 
<^<r  tht  eseape  ^  its  gas.  I  entertain  no  snch  opin- 
ion; on  the  contrary,  for  a  laige  class  of  visiton,  I 
think  it  preferable  that  they  should  avail  themselves  of 
the  use  of  the  water  either  at,  or  recently  removed 
from,  the  fountain,  and  as  it  naturally  abounds  in  its 
gases.  There  are  other  cases  in  which  the  exciting  in- ' 
fluence  of  the  gas  can  only  be  borne  m  a  mors  Smited 

Srei,  and,  for  such,  I  permit  its  partial  eseaf*  before 
ng  it ;  while  in  a  numerous  class  of  cases  (and  es- 
pecially on  first  commencing  the  use  of  the  water^  I 
esteem  it  indispensable  to  its  quick  and  bencficud 
operation,  that  its  uneombined  gas^  which  gives  taste 
and  smellt  should  have  escaped. 

In  recommending  the  White  Sulphur,  then,  to  the 
use  of  the  invalid,  I  esteem  it  quite  as  necessary  to  in- 
vestigate the  manner  of  using,  as  relates  to  its  fresh  or 
staJe  quality,  as  in  reference  to  its  dose,  or  the  times 
of  administering  it;  and  for  neither  would  I  lay  down 
positive  and  absolute  rules  in  advance;  for  each  case 
must,  in  the  nature  of  things,  give  rules  for  its  own 
government.*  -^^ 

•  It  to  nsOT  non  dum  thirty  y«u»  dnoe  the  MiliMr  lint  eaOad  pubUe 
attatkm  to  the  importance,  fauleed,  die  absoliite  neeenihr,  in  manr. 
«Mei,  of  die  iui^'t  wiiic  Oto  water  in  its  miigastMU  or  AM/ stinia- 

^uke  all  hinovmtioBt  upon  tHA  opinions  and  Ci  floras,  it  met  with  itt 
|iai9oUectw8,atant,lmtaetual  enerienoe  Wai  not  long  in  estab- 
Uahiag  me  soundnev  and.valtte  of  me  recommendation,  and  now  I 
have  die  emtification  tolcnow  diat  it  is  r^arded  tqr  all  weU-hiformed 
penoBS  as  a  Jixtd  frimeifU  in  die  use  of  die  water,  diat,  to  ^  used 
safeW  and  moM  beneficii^y,  in  very  many  cases,  it  most  be  used  with 
■bict  lefemncetoits /»«»lM-fAi/«q«aUly;  or.  in  odier  words,  to  its 
«tfme/etfnf  or  n«m-$tmmtaii>ig  eWacts. 


SALINE  AND  GASEOUS  CONTENTS. 


77 


been  to 

ice.  I 
believe 
[  with  a 
le  state 

'rfitrtd 
li  opin* 
tton,  I 
elves  of 
emoved 
B  in  iu 
Ung  in- ' 
'  Umited 
r  before 
and  es- 
irater)! 
:ncficial 
es  tasi* 

,  to  the 
y  to  in- 
frtsk  or 
le  times 
lydown 
ch  case 
its  own 


ledpubtte 

vsttOmu-' 

et  witii  ita 
in  eitab- 
nd  now  I  ' 
-informed 
to^uMd 
nsedwiOi 
mis.  to  its 


The  great  value  of  this  water,  as  a  therapeutical 
agent,  to  a  large  class  of  persons  who  visit  the  foun- 
tain, is  a  fact  dike  un(^uestioned  and  unquestionable. 
That  in  its  natural  condition,  as  it  flows  from  the  bosom 
of  the  earth,  it  is  happily  adapted  to  numerous  cases 
of  disease,  is  a  truth  established  by  upwards  of  eighty 
years'  experience  and  fully  sustained  by  the  numerous 
cures  that  are  constantly  occurring.  The  value  of  the 
water,  then,  fresh  as  it  flows  from  the  spring,  and 
abounding  in  its  gas,  is  a  truth,  so  fiur  as  I  know,  that 
is  unastailed,  and  which,  I  believe,  is  untutMloNe. 
Nevertheless,  that  there  are  many  cases  in  which  the 
gas  is  not  beneficial,  in  the  attwiint  in  which  it  exists 
in  the  fresh  water,  is  a  fact  which  my  experience 
enables  me  to  assert  with  the  utmost  confidence.  That 
the  water,  in  such  cases,  therefore,  is  better  without  its 
gas  than  with  it,  follows  as  effect  follows  cause.  But  I 
do  not  teach  that  the  water,  p*r  st,  and  without  refer- 
ence to  cases,  should  always  be  preferred  without  its 
ga-s.  I  base  not  my  practice  upon  any  such  narrow 
and  exclmive  views;  nor  do  I  deny  the  value  of  the 
agency  of  the  gas  in  appropriate  cases. 

I,  then,  regwd  the  telU  eontents  of  the  White  Sul- 
phur water,  either  in  its  direct  or  indirect  influences, 
as  the  main  agency  in  its  medicinal  efficacy.  Whether 
the  effieaey  of  the  salts  of  the  water  be  owini  to  their 
absorption  into  the  system  as  such,  or  whether  it  de- 
pends ujwn  the  $ee»mdary  formtOien  of  hydro-sulphuric 
acid  gas  in  the  stomach,  or  whether  it  ougfait  to  be 
ascribed  to  the  combination  of  these  different  agencies, 
I  leave  for  others  more  fond  of  speculation  to  decide. 
I  have,  heretofore,  been  satisfied  with  the  hiowledgi  of 
the  efficacy  of  the  solid  contents,  without  much  theo- 
rizing to  explain  the  why  and  wherefore. 

But,  it  may  be  asked,  if  the  gas  does  good  in  the 
state  of  a  teeondary  farmoHon  m  the  stomach,  would 
not  a  larger  quantity,  taken  with  the  fresh  water,  do 
more  good  ?    I  reply,  that  this  by  no  means  follows  in 


78 


WHm  i  J    .".T'v^  UPP/ffGS 


that  cltM  of  casei  for  which  I  ipecial'y  advise  the  nn- 
gaieoiu  water;  for  my  only  objt  .cion  to  the  fresh 
water,  ii\  such  cases,  is,  that  it  has  /m  iimek  gat.  Ad- 
mitting that  the  gas  may  exert  an  influence,  I  allege 
that  in  nervous  and  excitable  cases  the  quantity  is  not 
only  better  adapted  to  the  system,  but  that  anv  given 
quantity,  under  a  tttaiuUuynrmaHoHt  excites  ue  sys- 
tem less,  from  its  gradual  formation  in  the  stomach, 
than  if  suddenly  received  in  volume  into  that  viscus. 

Nor  do  I,  beoune  I  recommend  the  ungaseous  water 
in  ^artitmUtr  cases,  repudiate  and  disallow  all  medicinal 
agency  of  the  gas,  as  a  general  principle.  Not  at  all. 
I  simply  contend  that,/yr  Hit  irtalmtnttfetrttun  sous, 
there  is  hmtv  of  the  stmuiating  gas  in  uie  fresh  water 
than  such  cases  can  bear  with  advantage,  and  that  its 
excessive  excitation  in  such  cases  would  be  prejudicial 
instead  of  beneficial. 

But  do  I  find  it  necessary  to  guard  the  amount  of  gas 
for  every  water-drinker?  or  in  effect  to  erect  a  bed  of 
ProemsUs  and  oblige  every  one  to  conform  to  its 
length?  By  no  means.  A.  arrives  at  the  springs,  not 
much  debilitated  by  disease,  and  with  a  firm  nervous 
and  muscuUv  svstem ;  there  is  no  excessive  excitability 
in  his  case,  and  neither  his  cerebral,  nervous,  nor  vas- 
cular system  is  particularly  prone  to  be  affected  by 
itimulants  or  exciting  medicines.  I  advise  him  to 
ose  the  water  as  it /Unas  from  thsfnuUmn,  and  if  he 
•idiould,  contrary  to  expectation,  find  that  it  stimulates 
him  unpleasantly,  to  set  it  by  for  a  short  time  before 
osing. 

B.  tails  for  advice  as  to  the  manner  of  using  the 
water ;  his  tew^^eranunt,  and  the  state  of  his  cerebral, 
nervous,  and  vascular  system,  are  the  opposite  of  A.'s ; 
his  physical  energies  have  been  prostrated  by  disease ; 
his  nerves  are  unsintt^,  and,  like  his  bnin,  {none  to 
be  painAdly  affected  by  stimulants  or  exciting  medi- 
cines. He  is  advised  to  use  the  water  after  it  has, 
foiSMx  partialfy  or  eniirefy,  parted  with  its  gas ;  that  is. 


» 


the  un- 
he  fresh 
as.  Ad- 
,  I  allege 
ty  is  not 
mv  given 
itne  sys- 
stonutch, 
viscus. 
ooB  water 
medicinal 
ot  at  all. 

kMVl  COM, 

esh  water 
1  that  iu 
•rejudicial 

nntofgas 
abed  of 
rm  to  its 
rings,  not 
a  nervous 
Kciubility 
I,  nor  vas- 
fected  bjr 
le  him  to 
and  if  he 
stimulates 
me  before 

using  the 
B  cerebral, 
teof  A.'s; 
ty  disease; 
,  im>ne  to 
dnjs  medi- 
ter  it  has, 
is;  that  is, 


SALINE  AND  GASEOUS  CONTENTS.         79 

•Iter  it  has  been  set  by  for  tmht  or  tighten  hours,  as 
the  delicacy  and  exciubility  of  his  system  demand. 

In  cases  of  inflammation  of  the  partneh^  of  the 
brain,  and  in  other  highly  exciuble  condiuons  of  the 
cerebral  or  nervous  system,  I  have  the  water  more  care- 
fiiUy  prepared,  either  by  heating  or  freesing  it. 

In  graduating  the  amount  of  stimulus,  or,  if  the 
nseous  theorist  please,  the  amount  of  medical  mate- 
rial, to  the  wants  of  the  system,— in  other  words,  w^ 
ingtheprestripHim  to  smttho  tast,-^  I  deP-^wg  »om 
a  scientific  and  approved  system  of  practice?  What 
would  be  thought  of  the  science  of  a  medical  man 
who  invariably  used  either  the  same  medicine,  or  the 
same  dose  of  any  medicine,  without  regard  to  the  pecu- 
liarities or  constitution  of  his  patiente?  Just  wftat 
ought  to  be  thought  of  any  one  who  would  cUrect  so 
potent  an  agent  as  White  Sulphur  water  to  be  used 
aUkt  in  every  variety  of  constitution  and  disease. 

A  popular  error,  in  relation  to  mineral  waters,  istnat 
they  exert  a  sort  of  mysterious  influence  on  the  system ; 
and  that,  as  nature  has  elaborated  them  in  the  bowels 
of  the  earth,  they  are,  therefore,  formed  m  the  best 
possible  manner  for  the  cure  of  disease.  This  opinion 
isnot  more  reasonable  than  it  would  be  to  suppose  that 
nature  has  formed  aniimim  in  the  best  posnble  form, 
for  the  cure  of  disease,  although  we Jmow  that  in  this 
form,  under  the  administration  of  the  celebrated  Basd 
Valentine,  it  slew  all  the  monks  in  his  cloister. 

Like  aU  other  remedial  agents,  potent  mineral  waters 
produce  certain  effecU  upon  the  animal  economy,  and 
these  rft^  willlje  beMlrwl  or  injurious,  as  the  remedy 
is  properly  or  improperiv  employed.  For  instance, 
C,  who  is  nervous,  delicate,  and  excitable,  and  is 
afiected  with  functional  derangement  of  the  organs, 
requires  to  receive,  for  a  certain  time,  the  influence  of 
a  mineral  water,  which,  while  it  acts  as  an  aperient 
upon  his  bowels,  enters  his  circulation,  courses  through 
hK  system,  and  aUerates  his  deranged  organs;  being, 


■gsm^mimasM^mmsicfsms^^ssm^- 


"*?'~'t!*?»W 


^^^.rf*"' 


••PK!lH>ipMnp 


^ 


8e 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


at  the  same  time,  to  bland  and  onatimulating  in  its 
general  effects,  as  not  to  arouse  any  one  or  a  series  of 
organs  into  undiie  excitement  and  rebellion  against  the 
common'good.  Such  a  remedy  is  found  in  the  stale 
and  ungaseoHS  White  Sulphur  water. 

D.  requires  the  very  same  effects  to  be  exerted  upon 
his  disened  organs,— -but  he  is  of  very  different  tem- 
perament and  constitution.  His  brain  and  nerves  are 
prone  to  no  unnatural  excitement,  and  he  is  unaffected 
with  the  thousand  physical  sensibilities  to  which  C.  is 
subject.  D.  may  take  the  White  Sulphur  water  with 
impunity  and  advantage,  in  any  manner  most  agreeable 
to  him.  In  his  case  its  exciting  gas  constitutes  no 
objection  to  its  use.  The  good  effects  of  the  water, 
so  differently  used  by  C.  and  D.,  will  be  the  same, 
bttause  the  difference  in  ttutr  cases  makes  the  difference 
in  the  sue  qfSu  remedy. 


figSSB 


Di 


ha 
in 

he 
W 
in 
th 
ci 
ca 
ex 
wl 
ra 
m 
d( 

di 
in 
ai 
in 
ui 
ac 


« 


ig  in  its 
series  of 
aiost  the 
the  ttaH 

edupon 
ent  tem- 
ervesare 
naffected 
ich  C.  is 
Iter  with 
igreeable 
tutes  no 
le  water, 
he  same, 
dtferenct 


GENERAL  DIRECTIONS. 


8l 


CHAPTER  Vn. 

GBNBRAL  DIRBCTIONS  FOR  THE  USB  OT  THK  WHITK 
SULPHUR  WATKR. 

Diraetiaas  mouit  to  be  GaMnl,  not  Itoeeiiio— M  ut  not  gaenllv 
look  to  the  Sauibte  OpeiatioBaof  the  Water  for  toaettEfliBote— 
Modetmte  or  Small  Quenthiefl  Oenendljr  PtefinBble— NeoaMur 
PrapuatkHii  of  the  Sjrttem  for  the  Um  of  die  Wetei^-^miibfe 
MedidiMl  Eifeete  of  tiM  Water— Eflteti  OB  dw  PiiIi»-8vBanik  of 
Roto  to  be  ObMnred— Uie  of  Bedis. 

Much  that  might  have  been  said  mider  this  head 
has  been  anticipated  in  the  chapter  on  "  Mineral  Waters 
in  General." 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remark,  after  all  that  has 
heretofore  been  said  of  the  necessity  of  using  MiKXRAii 
Waters  with  Urict  reference  to  Uu  ntOure  efAe  disease 
in  whieh  tkey  are  enf  toyed,  that  it  is  not  designed  that 
the  diiections  herem  given  shall  be  considered  suffi- 
cient to  guide  in  the  use  of  the  White  Suljrirar  io  all 
cases,  or  in  any  difficult  and  important  case,  to  the 
ezchtfion  of  the  more  minute  and  specific  diroctioas 
which  such  case  may  demand.  It  is  my  intention 
rather  to  indicate  the  general  ruia  which  o;tlimurily 
must  be  observed  in  its  administration,  than  to  lay 
do«m  definite  directions  which  shall  apply  to  all  cases. 

Evny  one  who  is  fioniliar  with  the  various  ^rpes  of 
dhease,  and  with  the  peculiarities  and  radical  difference 
in  difiieirent  constitutions  and  temperaments,  modifying 
and  influencing  diseased  action,  will  at  once  see  the 
impoaiibility  of  la^g  down  any  obstante  rule,  for  the 
use  oi  a  potent  mineral  water,  that  should  be  strictly 
adhered  to  in  all  cases.    Each  case,  to  a  certain  extent, 

8 


f 


■^J^SSfW;*':' 


ijp»<i<w(iWii>i  \  ' 


8a 


tfrBITB  SULPHUR  SPRtHGS. 


most,  with  this,  as  with  all  other  medicinal  agents, 
indiotte  the  proper  dose,  and  the  proper  manner  of 
administration. 

As  ha^been  already  remarked,  it  is  very  common  to 
attribate  the  beneficial  eflfects  of  mineral  waters  to  their 
immediate  stnsihlt  and  obfoums  effects  upon  the  human 
body.  I  have  shown  this  opinion  to  be  errbneous; 
that,  so  &r  irom  its  beiiig  true  that  such  waters  uni- 
formly manifest  their  beneficial  effects  by  their  oeHve 
tperdunut  sudi  operations  firequently  delay,  or  entirely 
prevent,  the  good  which  they  otherwise  would  have 
accomplished  through  the  medium  of  their  alterative 
effects* 

These  who  desire  to  obtain  the  alterative  ojierations 
of  the  water  must,  as  a  general  rule,  take  it  in  small 
quantities,  and  ocmtinne  its  use  for  such  length  of  time 
aswiU  be  sufficient,  in  common  Spring  parlance,  to 
«« saturate  the  system."  Patients  thus  using  the  water 
are  apt,  however,  to  become  restless  and  dissatiafied  for 
the  first  few  days ;  so  much  so,  that  it  is  often  dffieult 
iB9  tecoocile  them  to-  this  numner  of  administration ; 
,  beoausew  say  they,  "it  ia  doing  me  no  good;"  they 
wish  to  see  such  tokens  of  activity  as  are  given  by 
pionpt  and  vigorous  purgatiQU.  In  a  f^nend  way,  it 
M  ptefeiaMe  that  the  water  act  sufficiently  <m  the 
bowek,  even  when  given  in  reference  to  its  aitmOive 
4gett$,  to  obviate  the  necessity  of  giving  any  other 
ned^cine  for  that  purpose;  but  it  ia  oftni  bc^r  to  use 
some  mUd  puripttive  fiton  the  ftuofo,,  to  effect  this 
ob^  iw  the  firat  few  days,  than  that  the  quantity  oi 
mim  stx^  be  greatly  increased. 

I  desire,  eajpedafiy,  to  call  the  intention  of  physidUms, 
and  of  the  intelligent  puUic  gcnenUy,  to  this  disOmtive 
aite^ttaefaaStf^tkevatvr.  Jn  this,  mm*  Ovn  (iny^ 
thfaig  else,  it  differs  torn  other  mineral  wateis»\  Many 
other  wateis  are  found  to  possea  valuable  a^^teraHni 
power,  and  with  an  equal  or  greater  cathartte  w  ditt* 
letic  action,  but  none  have  yet  been  diown  to  be  so 


a 

• 

tl 
b 
F 

S( 

o 

p 

tl 

h 

e 

1 

n 

tl 

JWSS*" 

^ — »!B( 

agentSi 
anner  of 

union  to 
to  their 
e  haman 
rOncods; 
t«s  uni- 
ik  active 
r  entirely 
uld  have 
ttiterattpe 

jpeiations 
in  amall 
1  of  time 
knee,  to 
the  water 
tisfiedfor 
adfficQlt 
istration; 
ij"  they 
given  hy 
id  tray,  it 
f  on  the 
aUtraHoe 
my  other 
tertotae 
iffiect  this 
aaiitity<tf 

hyaciau. 


tibaa«ny- 
k^   Many 

ic  at  ditt> 
to  beao 


GBlfERAL  DIXBCTIONS. 


8S 


etrtuMf,  f-'ompOf,  and  pomerfitlfy  iUterative  apon  the 
human  lyitcm. 

Some  of  my  onprofeasional  readers  may  desire  to 
know  the  precise  meaning  that  is  attached  to  the  term 
Altbkativi,  in  a  medical  sense.  This  term  simply 
nieans  to  tUUrcx  ekaitgtf  that  is,  to  alter  or  change  the 
chtimical  compodtion  of  the  blood,  the  secretions  of 
the  glands,  and  the  various  secretory  organs  and  sur- 
ftces,  the  removal  of  obstructions  from  the  glandit  or 
minute  vessehi  which  occur  in  congestions,  irritations, 
and  inflammations;  thus  restoring  the  blood  and  the 
general  organism  to  their  natural  condition  and  ts9  the 
performance  of  their  natural  functions. 

I  daim  that  the  water  has  these  effects  by  being 
absorbed,  or,  in  other  words,  entering  into  the  great 
circuit  of  the  civcubtion,  and  thus  exercising  the 
specific  or  peculiar  action  of  its  constituents  in  pro- 
moting the  various  secretory  and  occretoiy  {Mrooeases, 
and  thereby  restoring  the  diseased  system  to  «  physio- 
logicAl  condition. 

Such  effects  and  changes,  wrought  in  the  side  body, 
are  obviously  an  ai^ratioH,  and  the  remedy  that  pro- 
duces them  IS  an  al^rtriwe. 

This  is  but  a  port  of  a  medicinal  alterative;  but  it 
conveys  a  sufficient  idea  of  its  nature. 

The  «>inion  is  as  coounon  as  U  is  erroneous,  among 
thost!  who  visit  mineral  waters,  thai  they  are  to  be 
benefited  in  proportion  to  the  quantity  they  drink. 
Persons  in  health,  or  not  debilitated  by  disease,  do 
sometiEoes  indulge  in  emmnously  lasgc  aad  loag- 
contittued  potations  of  sudi  waters,  with  apparent  ira' 
pni^;  birt  it  by  no  tecans  follows  thitt  those  whose 
stomachs  are  enervated  by  disease,  and  Whose  nmeral 
healA  b  much  enfinbled,  can  induce  the  habit  widi 
eqptal  safety.  In  such  stomachs  du  cfftcti  of  iaordi* 
nafee  distention  are  always  painfiil  vA  injwtous,  while 
the  sudden  diminution  of  die  temperature,  from  large 
quantities  of  cold  fluid  suddenly  urown  into  the  sys< 
tem,  can  scarcely  &il  to  prove  injurious. 


"•of;",'S'^;».--y»-!" 


Ill  iijii|iiiii5;.M|w^i^()ypf^.wy>^jiirMp|%». 


M.iii*iliiii"*'i'»ir.iyj 


u« 


!;  I 


04  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPXIHCS. 

I  lonietimcs  meet  with  another  cbw  of  vintore,  ^o 
err  juit  u  much  on  the  oppodte  extreme ;  they  arrive 
at  the  springs,  and  place  themsdves  under  the  govern- 
ment of 'i  rte^t  for  the  use  of  the  water,  drawn  up, 
moit  commonly,  by  some  distant  medical  adviser,  who 
has  never  himself  had  an  oj^MMrtunity  of  observing  its 
effects ;  and  such  not  onfteqnently  take  this  aqua  medi' 
eimXs  in  literally  kenmofiaikU  doses,— in  quantities 
alti^^^her  inraffident  to  produce  any  sanative  effect. 

PREPARATION  FOR  THE  USE  OF  THE  WATER. 
Some  pieparation  of  the  system,  preceding  the  use 
of  the  water,  is  often,  though  not  always,  necessary  for 
its  safe  and  advantageous  administration.  Mos.^  i>er- 
sons,  after  the  excitement  usual  to  the  travel  in  visiting 
the  springs,  will  be  profited  by  taking  some  gentle 
purgative,  and  by  the  use  of  a  light  and  coolingdiet 
for  a  day  or  two  before  the  water  is  freely  used.  Those 
in  feeble  health  should  commence  the  water  with 
caution,  and  generally  in  its  least  sHmtilatitigform,—- 
thi|t  is,  after  it  has  remained  in  an  open  venel  until  its 
gas  has  escaped.  If,  with  these  precautions,  it  &il  to 
exert  its  desired  effects,  or  produce  unpleasant  symp- 
"^tons,  the  medicrl  adviser,  to  whom  it  would  be  neces- 
sary to  resort  in  such  an  emergency,  would,  of  course, 
pnaoibe  according  to  circumstances;  nor  can  any 
geneml  rule  be  given  as  respects  the  treatment  that 
woidd  be  necessary  in  such  a  case, — one  patient  often 
nqnirhig  treatment  essentially  different  from  another. 
Imidids,  howevor,  ought  not  to  dcqwir  of  the  use  of 
the  water,  and  of  its  adaptation  to  their  cases,  simply 
becaase  it  may,  at  first,  or  even  in  the  pi<ogress  of  its 
tne,  display  some  vagrant  and  improper  action  upon 
♦he  system.  Errors  in  its  aeiiom,  tf  they  may  so  ie 
turmed,  generalfy  arise  from  errors  in  its  use,  and  may 
ataen&y  be  pfevented  by  a  change  in  the  method  of 
idministmtion,  or  by  some  medical  assistants,  So  that 
the  water  may  be  safely  continued. 


-t. 


'fSit^ 


p^-%i.%?,>'t^»^-^^y'^'^  ^' 


m,  who 
y  arrive 
govern- 
iim  up, 
ler,  who 
ving  it! 
tamedi- 
umtities 
sffect. 

.TER. 

the  use 
isary  for 
os^  i>er- 

visiting 
:  gentle 
ing  diet 
.  Those 
ter  with 
form,— 
until  its 
it  &il  to 
Qt  syinp- 
leneces- 
r  coarse, 
can  any 
tent  that 
mt  often 
mother, 
lie  use  of 
!,  simply 
Bssof  its 
on  upon 
ray  so  be 
ind  may 
ethod  of 
,  so  that 


GENERAL  DIRMCTIONS. 


H 


SENSIBLE  EFFECTS  OF  THE  WATER  ON  THE  SYSTEM. 

TXtf  sentibk  medicinal  effects  of  the  water  are  promi- 
nently di^[^yed  in  its  action  upon  the  bowels,  liver, 
kidneys,  and  skin,  and,  when  drunk  fresh  at  the  foun- 
tain, by  a  lively  s^muUmt  effect  upon  the  system  in 
general,  and  upon  the  brain  in  particular. 

Proper  quantities,  taken  in  the  morning  before  break- 
fast, will  often  exibit  some  eathartif  effect  in  the  course 
of  the  day.  The  Uoer  is,  in  most  instances,  brought 
under  its  influence  from  a  few  days'  perseverance  in 
the  use  of  it,  as  will  be  manifest  from  the  character  of 
the  excretions.  Its  action  upon  the  kidneys  is  readily 
induced,  and  we  occasionally  see  it  exerting,  at  Hut 
same  time,  both  a  diuretic  and  a  cathartic  opention. 
Very  commonly  the  exhatent  vessels  of  the  ddn  are 
stimulated  to  increased  peroration;  but  its  fiUl  fSkxX^ 
upon  the  surface,  maniferted  not  only  by  increased,  bat 
su^hirous  pers^ratUm,  do  not  occur  until  it  hu  been 
freely  used  for  several  weeks,  nor  until  the  secnlory 
system  generally  has  been  brmig^t  under  its  influence. 

In  reference  to  its  cathartic  effects,  I  remark,  that 
while  as  a  general  rule  it  gently  opens  the  bowels,  md 
in  some  cases  parges  freely,  we  meet  with  occasional 
cases  in  which  its  effects  are  distinctly  ccmstipathw 
from  the  first.  In  other  cases  I  have  known  it  to  parge 
gently  for  the  first  few  days  and  afterwards  to  prodaee 
constipation. 

As  Ute  system  is  broaght  under  the  infloence  of  the 
wlitor,  the  4q}petite  and  the  ability  to  digest  food  are 
sensibly  au^fmented.  The  spirits  become  buojant  amd 
cheerful,  with  increased  desire  for  social  company  and 
amusements. 

£;.:!>rci3e,  i»evioudy  irksome,  b  now  enjoyed  without 
fetigue,  and  so  great  is  ttie  diange  in  the  whole  man, 
that  the  patient  oftea  e.o:resses  his  appreciation  of  it  by 
declaring  that  he  ii>  "a  ne-<v  man/' — and  so  he  is,  iil 
reference  to  liis  physical  and  aocioi  feelings. 

8* 


mmmmmm 


y,T—  .•<tit\m*^v^   ■ 


WHITR  SULPHUR  SPRmCS. 


EFFECTS  ON  THE  PULSE. 

The  eflbct  of  the  water  upon  the  fmite  ought  to  be 
diitinctly  noted,  inasmuch  as  its  action  upon  the  circu- 
latory system  affords  one  of  the  best  indications  of  its 
adi^tation,  or  inadtqitatioh,  to  the  case. 

As  a  genoal  rule  it  will  be  found  that,  after  the  water 
has  been  properlv  used  for  a  sufficient  time  to  affect  the 
drculatipn,  by  those  to  whose  cases  it  is  well  adapted, 
and  the  freqreiency  of  whose  pulse  is  much  above  the 
natural  standard,  Xht^ube  will  btreAutdin/nqueiuy 
tmd  in  force.  This  reduction  of  the  pulse  m  not  the 
consequence  of  any  direct  sedative  action  of  the  water 
on  the  heart  and  arteries,  but  is  the  sanative  result  of 
its  alterative  and  calming  influences  upon  the  general 
economy;  anr^  especially  from  its  agency  in  stimu- 
lating gianditiar  secretions,  emulging  the  emnoctoriesi, 
removing  offensive  debris  that  oppress  the  circulatory 
organs  and  functions,  thutt  givin|[  a  clear  and  tinem- 
barmssed  course  to  the  great  cuxuif  of  the  fluids 
through  the  system,  as  well  the  chyle  and  lymph  as  the 
V8nou&  and  arterial  blood. 

A  common  consequence  from  the  p^>er  adminis- 
tration of  the  water,  in  cases  to  which  it  is  well  suited, 
is  am  cflsential  modification  of  the  circulation  both  in 
frequency  and  fisarce;  so  much  so,  indeed,  that  I  am 
never  surprMt  to  find  the  pube,  whose  beat  has  been 
from  90  to  ifo  in  tiw  minute,  reduced  to  75  or  86, 
Mid,  iQ  mtty  cMes>q^te  down  to  Uie  natural  standard 
of  the  indhHmily  whatever  that  loay  have  been;  while 
tiie  votiime  of  tilood  in  the  artery  tt  increased,  as  well 
as  the  softness  and  mildness  of  its  flow. 

'  Experience  has  so  clearly  taught  me  to  rely  upon  the 
reduction  of  the  frequency  and  force  of  tte  piatee,  as 
indicative  of  the  value  of  the  water  to  the  patieiit,  that 
I  habitually  look  to  such  effects  as  among  the  most  dis- 
tinct indications  to  persevere  in  its  use. 


'^  m 


ht  to  be 
M  circu- 
ni  of  iti 

he  water 

iffectthe 

adapted, 

wve  the 

Vequemy 

not  the 

he  water 

result  of 

B  general 

n  stimu- 

loctoriesii, 

rcnlatory 

id  nnem- 

le   fluids 

ph  as  the 

adminis- 
•M  suited, 
t  both  in 
hat  I  am 
has  been 

n  oi*  80. 

standard 
n;  while 
il,  aswdl 

upon  the 

pulse,  as 

ient,  that 

mostdis- 


GBNERAL  DIRECTIONS.  ^7 

On  the  contrary,  if  the  effects  of  the  water  be  to  >•*- 
crease  the  number  of  pulsations,  or  in  any  considerabie 
degree  to  render  the  circulation  more  irritable,  my  in- 
ferences are  un&vorable  to  its  use ;  and  if  this  state  of 
things  cannot  be  readily  changed  by  a  different  admin- 
istration of  the  water,  its  discontinuance  is  advised,  for 
it  never  proves  benefidal  when  it  perseveringfy  estates  Ae 
frequent  of  the  eireuiation.  There  may  be  a  condition 
of  things  in  the  case  that  would  not  jintify  a  hasty  dis- 
continuance of  the  water,  merely  because  of  its  prone- 
ness  to  stimulate,  in  a  slight  degree,  the  heart  and 
arteries;  but  the  propriety  of  continuing  its  use,  in  any 
such  case,  can  only  be  safely  judged  of  by  the  well- 
informed  and  discriminating  medical  mind. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  FACTS  ILLUSTRATING  THE  MEDIO- 
NAL  CHARACTER  OF  THE  WATER,  ETC. 

The  following  fects,  intended  to  illustrate  the  pecu- 
lisu-  medicinal  character  and  influences  of  the  White 
Sulphur  water,  as  well  as  the  best  manner  of  using  it  in 
ordinary  cases,  have  been  alluded  to- in  other  parts  of 
this  volume ;  nevertheless  (although  it  may  involve  a 
repetition),  it  is  thought  best  to  group  them  under 
one  geneml  head,  for  the  greater  convenience  of  the 
reader.  ' 

Severally,  and  collectively,  they  are  positions  of  great 
importance  to  the  invalid,  and  long  experience  enables 
me  to  regard  them  in  the  light  Of  aphorisms,  or  fixed 
facts. 

I.  The  water  is  always  moreM<i£iiKAM/,  and^generally 
less  pitt^ive,  when  talcen  6esh  at  the  vpting  and 
abotmding  in  its  gas. 

3.  The  alterative,  or  changing,  effects  of  the  water 
are  by  far  its  most  valuable  effects,  and  are  those  which, 
more  than  all  others,  give  to.  it  its  distinctive  and  effect- 
ive character. 

3.  If  the  water  produces  active  purgative  or  HurHic 
effects,  its  alterative  action  is  correspondingly  delayed.     ' 


ttfljMMj^^^^maj  ^ 


88  WHITE  SUtPHUM  SPXINGS. 

4.  In  obitinate  and  important  caiea,  the  invalid 
should  never  consider  that  be  has  given  the  water  a  fair 
trial,  or  that  he  has  obtained  its  fall  curative  effects, 
until  he  has  experienced  its  general  tUteraUve  it^fbttnett, 
and  maintained  them  upon  the  system  for  some  time, 
uA  this  tmtirtfy  irrtt^cHvt  ^A*  tmt  lu  mt^  havt  usiul 
tht  waUr. 

5.  As  it  is  uniformly  tme  that  the  water  is  seldom 
permanently  serviceable,  when  it  acts  as  an  inilani 
m)on  any  portion  of  the  bodv,  it  follows  that  its  use 
should  not  be  peiMvered  in  when,  for  any  omsiderablc 
time,  it  continues  thus  to  act.  It  may,  however,  ait 
most  invariably  be  made  to  act  kindly  and  soothingly, 
by  a  modification  of  the  manner  of  m^  it,  or  by  such 
gentle  medicinal  appliances  as  the  peculiarity  of  the 
case  may  demand. 

6.  From  an  improper  use  of  the  water,  or  firom  fhil- 
ure  to  use  a  tinudy  dose  of  medicine,  to  bring  the 
s^tem  into  a  proper  condition  to  receive  it,  it  occa- 
sionally disagrees  with  persons  ^to  whose  constitution 
and  case  it  is  well  adapted),  until  the  errors,  whatever 
they  may  be,  have  beoi  corrected. 

7.  An  active  and  long-continued  dtureiie  effect  is 
generally  uselcM,  and  frequently  hurtful,  and  nence, 
when  in  much  excess,  should  be  arrested.  This  may 
be  effected  wUk  ike  uMas/  cerUtinty  by  a  modification 
in  the  fuaniity,  01  periodt  ef  usim  the  wa/er,  and  iy 
gentle  me/Heal  means  that  divert  fiwn  the  kidneye  and 
determine  to  ik*  Uver  and  skin. 

8.  i^  to  the  amount  of  water  to  be  used  in  the  course 
of  the  da^f,  or  as  to  the  number  of  days  it  should  be 
used,  it  is  impossible  to  lay  down  a  d^udte  mte  te  topfy 
in  ail  cases.  So  much  depends  upon  the  nature  of  the 
case,  and  the  peculiarities  of  the  constitution  of  the 

Eitient^  ihat  no  JSxed  rule  in  these  particulars  can  be 
id  down  as  iipplicable  to  all  cases,  and  an  attempt  to 
do  so  would  he  an  act  of  empiricism  more  apt  to  mis- 
lead than  to  edify. 


iim-' 


1 


invalid 

erafiur 

efiecti, 

letime, 
avttuid 

I  seldom 

iti  UM 
ideraUt 
BTcr,  at 
ithingly, 
by  such 
r  of  the 

omfiul- 
ring  the 
it  occa- 
■titotion 
rhatever 

effect  is 
i  henoe». 
"his  may 
[ification 
,  and  by 
h^f  and 

^course 
tioold  be 

re  of  the 
Q  of  the 
s  can  be 
tempt  to 
t  to  mis- 


GENBRAL  DIRECTIONS. 


USE  OF  BATHS. 


89 


A  most  yaluable  aid  in  the  use  of  this  water  is  the 
te^d,  warm,  or  hot  sulphur  bath.  I  cannot  here  enter 
into  particular  directions  for  the  use  of  such  baths.  I 
just  obsenre  that  they  may  be  made  an  important  aoz- 
iliary  in  a  large  circle  of  cases,  if  timely  and  otherwise 
properly  employed. 

Hot  su^r  hatking,  indeed  hot  bathing  of  any  kind, 
is  a  remedy  potent  and  positive  in  its  influences; — 
capsble  of  eflfecting  much  good  when  judiciously  em- 
ployed, or  corresponding  evil  when  improperly  used. 
Like  potent  mineral  waters,  it  is  often  used  empirically 
and  improperly,  and  hence  becomes  a  curse  when  it 
should  have  been  a  blessing.  It  is  a  remedy  essen- 
tiidly  revolutionary  in  its  character, — ^never  negative, 
but  always  {nroducing  positive  results  upon  the  economy, 
forgooa  or  for  evil. 

Tne  condition  of  the  system  indicates  with  sufficient 
clearness,  to  the  enerienced  observer,  the  time  for 
commencing,  and  the  temperature  of  the  bath.  In 
most  cases,  the  bathMg-pomt  is  as  clearly  indicated 
under  a  course  of  sulphur  waters  as  the  blistering-  or 
bleeding-point  is  in  inflammations,  and  the  value  of 
the  bath  is  much  dependent  upon  such  timely  employ- 
ment. When  the  water  has  well  opened  the  bowels, — 
has  found  its  way  into  the  general  circulation,  soften- 
ing the  skin  and  calming  the  irritation  of  the  arterial 
SBtem, — the  batht  may  be  looked  to  with  confidence  in 
eir  efficacy. 

M^  baffu  ought  never  to  be  taken  during  the  exist- 
ence of  febrile  excitement.  They  should  be  used  on  an 
empty  stomach,  and,  as  a  general  rule,  before  the  de- 
cline of  the  day,  and  their  temperature  always  carefully 
rej{ulated  to  suit  the  nature  of  the  case  and  the  state 
ofthe  system. 

Persons  intending  to  bathe  m  warm  orhotsu^hur 


iMMMMw-iiM. 


j|0  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

'mattrt  ahoold,  preirioaly  to  doing  lu,  be  intelligently 
instructed  under  a  proper  knowledge  of  their  case, 
as  to  the  precise  tempmUitre  of  the  bath,  and  the 
Ui^  ef  MU  to  remain  in  it.  Neglect  or  disre- 
fud  of  proper  instt  actions,  the  relying  upon  chance, 
or  the  mere  dictum  r/  ignorance  upon  thu  subject, 
hat  ofken  been  the  cause,  within  my  knondMge, 
of  aggravation  of  symptoms,  and,  iu  many  instanoes, 
of  serious  consequences.  I  state,  therefore,  for  the 
benefit  of  bathers  in  sulj^Or  waters,  that  such  baths, 
to  be  ustd  $i^lf  tmd  efieaeimufyt  must  be  used' with 
careful  rderence  to  their  Umperaturt;  the  staU  efiht 
^iUm  whtH  mplofU:  and  the  UngA  ^Hm  the  bather 
remains  in  them. 


Dr 


t  M 


lai 

in 
fla 

rel 
fr( 

8" 

8> 
mi 
in 

ad 

Ml 


f.  i: 


>  , 


at 
dt 


oi 
al 


& 


DtSEAS£S-DiX£CT/0//S. 


9i 


CHAFFER    VIII. 

DISEASES  IN  WHICH  THE  WHITE  SULPHVR  MAY,  OR 
MAY  NOT,   BE   VSETULLY  FRESOIBED. 

DnpeiMk— GMtnlgi*— Wata»Bnuh— Chionie  Gattro-BatatMa— 
Dhmmi  of  the  UvM^Jaundioo— Eiiluf«ii«Bt  of  ttie  SplMa— 
Chnmic  Iiritation  of  the  Bowel»-<:o«tlvene»— Pn»-ptoeMW  of 
Oie  Urimuy  Oinuu— Chronic  Inflamimition  of  the  Kra»Q[*~*^*f 
belM.  Female  DtowMM ;  AmenonhoBa,  Djnmenonhcaa,  ChhitMH, 
LeneoRboM^-Chroiiic  AiiMtloiu  of  the  Bmi»— Nerroui  Hkmam 
Pualviii— Some  Fonos  of  Chronic  Diseaaes  of  the  Cheat,  or  Bieaat 
Comiricinta  (to  be  av(rided  in  Pnlmonarjr  CoBaumi»tioii>--Bn»- 
ditti»--0>roiric  DiMaaea  of  the  Sdn.  Pirariaala,  Lepra.  Ill-«oodl- 
tioned  Ulceia— Rheumatiiaa  and  Oor  ntopaiw  SowrfMa— My 
cnrial  Dlaeaaea-Eryaipetaa-Not  uied  ^  Diaeaiw  of  tha 

Heart,  Or  in  Sdnfaus  and  Cancer  ybeate  Spring— Eflacta  ia 

laAria.  Jia— Bfltota  190a  the  Opiuiii  x^^teit. 

Aix  mineral  waters,  as  before  remarked,  are  stima- 
lanta  to  a  greater  or  less  degree,  and  consequently  are 
fauqMtlicabte  to  the  treatment  of  acute  or  highly  in- 
flammatory diseases.  This  remark  is  eroecially  true  as 
relates  to  the  White  Suli^ur,  particularl^r  when  dmnk 
fresh  at  the  spring,  and  abounding  in  its  stimulitting 
gas.  It  is  true,  as  before  shown,  that  when  its  exciting 
gas  has  flown  ofi;  it  becomes  fiur  less  stimulating,  and 
may  be  used  with  safiety  and  success  in  cases  to  which, 
in  ito  perfectly  fresh  state,  it  would  be  totrily  un- 
adapted.  But  even  im  its  Utut  sikmiaMHgfarm,  itit 
imadmissitU  for  txcited  orfobrik  eomiUiotu  cf  Uu  sys- 
tem; and  enecially  to  cases  of  inflammatory  action, — 
at  least,  untU  the  viotence  of  such  action  has  been  sub- 
dued by  Other  and  appropriate  agents. 

If  the  individual,  about  to  sulnnit  himself  to  the  use 
of  this  water,  is  suffering  from  fiiUness  and  tension 
about  the  bead,  or  pain  with  a  sense  of  tightness  in  the 


.  >  "tft^jt*;  ■■  myv^l,^*^^<!lt^f>f^-9)-  • 


9« 


WHITB  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


chat  or  lide,  he  ihouM  obtain  relief  Troni  theie  lymp- 
toms  before  entering  upon  its  uie.  If  hit  tongue  be 
white  or  heavily  coated,  or  if  he  be  continuoutly  or 
periodically  feverish,  or  have  that  peculiar  lassitude, 
with  gastric  distress,  manifesting  recent  or  acute  biliary 
accumuUtions,  he  should  avoid  iu  use  until,  by  proper 
medical  treatment,  his  biliary  organs  are  emulged,  and 
his  system  prepwed  for  iU  roception.  Much  suffering, 
on  the  cut  hand,  would  be  avoided,  and  a  far  larger 
amount  o:  good,  on  the  other,  would  be  achieved,  ii 
visitors  were  perfectly  aware  of,  and  carefiilly  mindful 
of,^these.facts. 

It  is  an  every-dav  occurrence  during  the  watering 
season  at  the  "  White,"  for  persons  to  seek  medicid 
advice,  for  the  first  time,  after  they  have  been  wing 
the  water  for  days,  perhaps  for  weeks,  and  it  is  then 
sought  because  of  vagrant  operations  or  injurioas  efects 
of  ue  water.  In  most  such  cases  there  will  be  t'uuati, 
upon  examination,  either  the  existence  of  some  oi  ilie 
sympt  >ras  just  mentioned,  or  evidences  of  local  im/iam- 
maumt  in  some  part  of  the  body,  sufficient  to  prevent 
the  cootititutional  efficacy  of  the  remedy.  I  am  often 
struck  with  the  control  which  an  ^>i>arent!y  inconsid- 
enble  load  inflammation  will  exert,  in  inventing  the 
constituti<»al  effects  of  mineral  waters.  To  remove 
such  local  determinations  where  they  exist,  or  greatly 
to  leven  their  activity,  is  all-important  to  secure  the 
constitutional  effects  of  sulphur  water. 

It  is  necessary  to  reflect  that  mineral  waters,  like  all 
medicinal  substances,  are  adq>ted  only  to  certain  dis- 
eases, and  that  the  more  powerfully  they  act,  the  greater 
mischief  they  are  capable  of  doing  if  improperly  ad- 
rainistered  j/or,  ^ii  he  asserted  that  tktf  are  eafaHe  ef 
d^good  only,  without  the  power  ef  doing  harm,  we 
may  be  satisfied  that  fheir  qualities  are  too  intigi^fieant  f 
merit  notice. 

This  consideration  indicates  the  necessity  of  some 
caution  in  the  use  of  waters  which  possess  any  sanative 


TS^"       J*   "'Ci-    f"'     ' 


* 


•ymp- 
:ongiM  be 
ttouily  or 
IsMitude, 
Its  biliary 
byprt^r 
tlged,  and 
■uffering, 
far  larger 
rhieved,  ii 
ly  mindiul 

!  watering 
k  medical 
leen  ming 
it  is  then 
IMM  effects 
be  tbuai!, 
>me  of  the 
(olinjiam- 
to  prevent 
[  am  oAen 
r  inconsid- 
entini;  the 
Po  remove 
or  greatly 
secure  the 

tn,  like  all 
xrtaindia- 
the  greater 
n^rly  ad- 

Marm,  w* 

ty  of  some 
ny  sanative 


r 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1^121    |25 

mmm22 

zo 


■4.0 


|l.25  I 


U    1 1.6 


«' 


Fhotographic 

Sdmces 

Carporation 


4^ 


%^ 


as  \MIST  MAM  STRUT 

WnSTM,N.Y.  USM 

(716)t7a-4S03 


^^^\ 


4f^ 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Institut.  for  Historical  IWIIcroreproductlons  /  Inttitut  Canadian  da  microraproduction.  hiatoriquaa 


jdji.llwlWWiWWWIllJ.llWtWjWli'WI'l'       "' 


DISEASES— REMEDIES. 


93 


powers,  and  suggests  the  propriety,  in  all  doubtful  c^, 
bf  proceeding  under  the  judgment  of  some  profwsional 
man  t^ho  is  familiar  with  the  subject,  whose  judgment 
may  determine  how  far  the  water  is  a]jplicable  to  each 
individual  case,  and  in  what  manner  it  should  be  em- 
ployed to  be  most  efficacious. 

A  lone  list  of  successful  cases  that  have  fallen  under 
my  care  during  the.  third  of  a  century  that  I  have  been 
administering  these  waters,  might  perhaps  without  im- 
propriety be  inserted  here  j  but  I  am  induced  to  omit 
the  insertion,  because  I  am  aware  with  what  suspicion 
medical  cases,  however  well  authenticated,  are  received 
when  they  are  given  to  favor  any  particular  practice, 
or  to  recommend  any  particular  water.  Besides,  the 
insertion  of  names  is  objectionable  in  all  pnvatc  prac- 
tice,  and  I  consider  the  reputation  of  this  particular 
water  to  be  now  too  well  established  to  require  such 

assistance.  .•.   ,        •     * u 

The  space  I  have  allotted  to  this  branch  of  my  sub- 
iect  will  allow  little  more  than  a  simple  enumeration 
of  the  diseases  for  which  this  water  is  beneficially  em- 
ployed.  Those  who  desire  more  extended  information 
of  Its  effects  in  the  diseases  enumerated  are  re«"ea 
to  my  volume  upon  the  "  Mineral  Waters  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada." 


DYSPEPSIA. 

This  common  and  annoying  disease,  the  especial 
scourge  of  the  sedentary  and  the  thoughtful,  whether 
existing  under  the  form  of  irritotion  of  the  mucous 
surface  of  the  stomach— vitiation  of  the  gastnc  juice— 
or  under  the  somewhat  anomalous  charactenstic  of 
Gastralgia,  is  treated  with  much  success  by  a  proper 
course  of  the  White  Sulphur  water.     . 

The  apprehensive  and  dejected  spirit  that  finds  no 
comfort  in  the  present,  and  forebodes  evil  only  in  the 
future;   the  hesitating  will  that  matures  no  purpose, 

9 


!liirtilil»W>liM—H 


m 


■I— W  I    ■■■    II..    - 


94 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


and  desponds  even  in  success;  the  emaciation  of  frame 
and  haggardne8S()f  visage;  the  ever-present  indurance, 
and  all  the  imaginary  and  real  ills  that  torture  the  hap- 
less dyspeptic,  are  often  made  to  yield  to  alterative 
and  invigorating  influences  that  a  few  weeks'  judicious 
use  of  the  waters  has  established. 

Administered  alone,  in  every  form  of  this  disease 
(for  under  the  name  Dyspepsia  we  have  several  yS>r»w 
of  stomach  disease  essenti^y  differing  from  each  other, 
and  requiring  different  modes  of  treatment),  its  cura- 
tive powers  may  not  always  be  so  marked;  but  in 
several  varieties  of  the  disease,  and  those  indeed  which 
we  most  often  witness,  it  deserves  the  very  highest 
praise  that  can  be  conferred  upon  any  remedy.  In 
cases  of  this  disease  in  which  the  Liver  is  implicated, 
occasioning  slow  or  unhealthy  biliary  secretions,  a 
state  of  things  that  often  exists,  the  water  may  be u.ed 
with  especial  advantage.  To  effect  permanent  or  last- 
ing cures  in  dyspepsia,  the  waters  should  always  be 
pressed  to  their  complete  alterative  effects  upon  the 
system. 

CHRONIC  imUTATION  OF  THE  MUCOUS  MEUBRANE  OF 
THE  STOMACH  AND  BOWELS. 

The  largest  class  of  invalids  that  resort  to  our  min- 
eral fountains  for  relief  are  those  afflicted  with  ab- 
dominal irritations,  and  especially  with  irritations  of  the 
mucous  coat  of  the  stomach  and  bowels. 

These  irritations  are  occasionally  so  masked  by  a 
superadded  nervous  mobility  as  to  conceal  their  true 
character  from  the  sufferer,  and  sometimes  from  his 
medical  adviser.  The  disease  is  far  more  common  in 
late  than  in  former  years.  The  number  of  cases  at 
the  White  Sulphur  has  been,  I  am  sure,  more  than 
triplicated  within  the  last  few  yeara.  It  may  be  in- 
duced by  any  of  the  numerous  causes  whose  tendency 
is  to  derange  the  digestive,  assimilative,  and  nervous 


"■         Ml"    "ilflii 


s. 

ation  of  frame 
nt  indurance, 
)rture  the  hap- 
to  alterative 
eks'  judicious 

tf  this  disease 

several  forms 

>in  each  other, 

lent),  its  cura- 

irked;  but  in 

:  indeed  which 

;  very  highest 

r  remedy.     In 

is  implicated, 

secretions,  a 

er  may  be u.ed 

•manetst  or  last- 

>uld  always  be 

fects  upon  the 


MEMBRANE  OF 

s. 

ort  to  our  min- 
licted  with  ab- 
'rritations  of  the 

0  masked  by  a 
nceal  their  true 
itimes  from  his 
>re  common  in 
ber  of  cases  at 
ire,  more  than 
It  -may  be  in- 
nrhose  tendency 
'e,  and  nervous 


DISEASES— REMEDIiS. 


95 


functions ;  and  is  often  connected  with  some  indiges- 
tion, irregular  or  costive  bowels,  with  restlessness  and 
unhappy  forebodings  of  impending  evils.  I  have  much 
confidence  in  the  waters  in  such  cases  when  prudently 
and  cautiously  used,  aided,  if  necessary,  by  proper 
adjunctive  means,  and  pressed  to  their  full  alterative 
effeets. 

LIVER  DISEASES. 

Chronic  disease  of  the  liver,  in  some  form  or  other, 
is  a  very  common  disease  of  our  country,  especially 
in  the  warm  latitudes  and  miasmatic  districts.  Very 
many  affected  with  this  complaint  have  annually  visited 
the  White  Sulphur  for  the  last  fifty  or  sixty  years.  In 
no  class  of  cases  have  the  effects  of  the  waters  been 
more  fully  and  satisfactorily  tested  than  in  chrome 
derangements  of  the  liver. 

The  modus  operandi  of  sulphur  .water  upon  the  liver 
is  dissimilar  to  that  of  mercury,  and  yet  the  effects  of 
the  two  agents  are  strikingly  analogous.  The  potent 
and  controlling  influence  of  the  water  over  the  secre- 
tory function  of  the  liver  must  be  regarded  as  a  specific 
quality  of  the  agent,  and  as  constituting  an  important 
therapeutic  feature  in  the  value  of  the  article  for  dis- 
eases of  this  organ.  Its  influence  upon  the  liver  is 
gradually  but  surely  to  unload  it  wher  engorged,  and 
to  stimulate  it  to  a  healthy  performance  of  its  func- 
tions when  torpid. 

The  control  which  this  water  may  be  made  to  exer- 
cise over  the  liver  in  correcting  and  restoring  its 
energies,  is  often  as  astonishing  as  it  is  gratifying, — 
establishing  a  copious  flow  of  healthy  bile,  and  a  con- 
sequent activity  of  the  bowels,  imparting  a  vigor  to 
the  whole  digestive  and  assimilative  functions,  and, 
^consequently,  energy  and  strength  to  the  body,  and 
life  and  elasticity  to  the  spirits. 

For  many  years  I  have  kept  a  "Case-booh"  at  the 
White  Sulphur,  and  have  carefully  noted  the  influences 


f  ijgxn.  tiWiitriraMtunaliOft 


1>6 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


of  the  water  upon  such  cases  as  have  been  submitted 
to  my  management.  Among  the  number  are  several 
hundred  cases  of  chronic  affections  of  the  liver,  em- 
bracing diseases  of  simple  excitement,  chronic  inflammO' 
tioH,  engorgement  and  obstructions  of  the  biliary  ducts^ 
etc.  These  cases  were  treated  either  with  the  White 
Sulphur  alone,  or  aided  by  some  appropriate  adjunctive 
remedy;  and,  in  looking  at  the  results,  I  mtist  be  per- 
mitted to  express  a  doubt  whether  a  larger  relative 
amount  of  amendments  and  cures  has  ever  been  ef- 
fected by  the  usual  remedies  of  the  medical  shop. 
This  I  know  is  high  eulogy  of  the  water  in  such  dis- 
eases. It  is  considerately  made,  and  is  not  higher 
than  its  merits  justify. 

When  Seitrhosity  of  the  liver  is  suspected,  the  water, 
if  used  at  all,  should  be  used  under  the  guards  of  a 
well-informed  medical  judgment ;  for  in  actual  Scir- 
rhosity,  if  it  be  pressed  beyond  its  primary  effects  upon 
the  stomach  and  bowels,  it  is  veipr  decidedly  injurious. 
I  have  known  several  cases  in  which  death  was  hastened 
by  disregarding  this  caution. 

For  a  more  full  account  of  the  influences  of  the 
water  in  Liver  diseases,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the 
author's  work  on  the  "  Mineral  Springs  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada." 

JAUNDICE. 

This  is  a  form  of  liver  disease  in  which  obstructions 
prevent  the  free  egress  of  the  bile  from  the  gall-blad- 
der along  its  natural  channels,  and  hence  occasion  its 
absorption  into  the  general  circulation. 

In  cases  of  jaundice,  in  which  the  obstructing  cause 
is  inspissated  bile,  or  very  small  ccdtuK,  or  when  oc- 
casioned by  inflammation  or  spasm  of  the  gatl-dncts 
themselves,  the  White  Sulphur  water,  as  might  be  ex- 
pected from  its  influence  over  the  liver,  is  used  with 
the  happiest  results. 


1 


"«»I»"«PI#*" 


een  submitted 
er  are  several 
the  liver,  em-  ' 
onic  inflamma- 

biliary  ducts, 
irith  the  White 
iate  adjunctive 
I  must  be  per- 
larger  relative 

ever  been  ef- 

medical  shop. 

sr  in  such  dis- 

is  not  higher 

;tcd,  the  water, 
he  guards  of  a 
in  actual  Scir- 
Euy  effects  upon 
ledly  injurious, 
th  was  hastened 

luences  of  the 
referred  to  the 
s  of  the  United 


ich  obstructions 
n  the  gall-blad- 
ice  occasion  its 

bstructing  cause 
k/t,  or  when  oc- 
f  the  gatl-ducts 
as  might  beex- 
rer,  is  used  with 


DISEASES— REMEDIES. 


97 


Indeed,  the  individuals  affected  with  incipient  or 
confirmed  jaundice,  and  whose  livers  are  free  from 
Scirrhus,  cannot  place  too  much  confidence  in  the 
use  of  the  White  Sulphur  water  and  baths,  with  the 
occasional  use  of  mild  adjunctive  means  to  aid  in  its 
speedy  action  uiwn  the  liver  and  skin.  Thus  judi- 
ciously employed,  and  for  a  sufficient  length  of  time, 
it  invariably  proves  successful,  either  in  ^uring  the 
case,  or  in  bringing  the  system  into  the  condition 
under  which  a  cure  speedily  results. 

CHRONIC  DIARRHCEA. 

In  Chronic  Diarrhaa,  especially  where  the  mucop 
coat  of  the  bowels  is  principally  implicated,  and  still 
more  when  the  case  is  complicated  with  derangement 
of  the  stomach  and  liver,  the  water  is  often  employed 
with  very  gratifying  effects. 

While  the  water,  properly  taken,  is  a  most  invalu- 
able remedy  in  Chronic  Mucous  Diarrhoea,  in  no  other 
disease  are  prudence  and  caution  more  eminently  de- 
manded in  its  administration,  and  especially  for  the 
few  first  days  of  using  it.  When  prudently  and  cau- 
tiously prescribed  in  such  cases,  it  is  not,  only  a  per- 
fectly safe  remedy,  but  also  eminently  curative  in  its 
effects.  Many  of  the  most  satisfactory  results  that  I 
have  ever  accomplished  by  the  prescription  of  the 
White  Sulphur  water,  have  been  in  cases  of  Chrome 
Mucous  Diarrhoea. 

Serous  Diarrhcea  of  chronic  character  requires  still 
greater  caution  in  the  early  Use  of  the  water  than  the 
mucous  form  to  which  I  have  been  referring ;  and 
while  the  waters,  when  carefully  introduced,  constitute 
a  valuable  remedy  in  such  cases,  they  will,  if  too  largely 
taken,  aggravate  the  worst  symptoms  of  the  disease.* 


•  See  the  details  of  several  interestiiig  cases  in  the 
of  the  United  Sutes  and  Canada." 

9* 


■  Mineral  Waters 


IVHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


CX)SnVBKESS. 

HabituaVcostiveness  is  a  state  of  the  system  in  which 
the  water  has  been  extensively  employed ;  sometimes 
successfiiUy,  sometimes  not.  When  the  case  depends 
upon  depraved  or  deficient  biliary  swretions,  much 
reliance  may  be  placed  upon  the  «ffic'ency  of  this 
remedy  if  ^t  be  carried  to  the  extent  of  fully  aUerattng 
the  system. 

PILES. 

The  use  of  mild  laxatives  in  hmorrhmdshas  long 
been  a  favorite  practice  for  their  relief,  p*  ^n««"*; 
effect  of  the  water  in  this  disease  is  probably  to  some 
extent  due  to  its  laxative  power,  but  still  more,  l  aPP"*" 
hend,  to  its  alterative  effect  upon  the  liver,  through 
which  the  hemorrhoidal  vessels  are  favorably  im- 
pressed. 

DISBASBS  or  THE  tJIUHARY  ORGANS. 

The  White  Sulphur  waters  are  used  with  very  good 
effects  in  Gravel;  indeed,  they  almost  }^^^^y^ 
liate  such  cases,  and  frequently,  m  their  early  stages, 

entirely  cure  them.  „„*— 

Ine^  ealeubms  affections  are  relieved  by  the  w^er 
pretty  much  in  proportion  as  it  corrects  the  ««? est»ve 
ttid  assimilating  functions,  improves  the  blood,  and 
brines  the  general  economy  into  a  natural  type,  pre- 
pariS  the  kidnevs  to  resist  foreign  encroachments 

Spon  their  functions,  and  to  el*^™^^'^",  ^l^i^ 
bCod  proper  and  healthv  secretions.  Where  the^affec- 
tion  depeSte  upon  acid  predominance  in  the  fluids, 
the  watir  never  &ils  to  palliate,  and  often  curMthe 
case.  Whether  or  not  this  water  should  be  preferred 
to  other  remedies  in  calculous  alfcctions,  depends  upon 
the  diatkesut\ax  prevails  in  the  system  j  «»d  hence 
the  urine  should  always  be  carefully  analyzed,  that  we 
may  not  act  in  the  dark  in  such  cases. 


^   t 


item  in  which 
1;  sometimes 
case  depends 
retions,  much 
iency  of  this 
iilly  alterating 


mds  has  long 
The  beneficitd 
tbably  to  some 
more,  I  appre- 
liver,  through 
favorably  im* 

JAMS. 

irith  very  good 
invariably  pal- 
ir  early  stages, 

sd  by  the  water 
s  the  digestive 
:he  blood,  and 
tural  type,  pre- 
encroachmehts 
s  from  healthy 
(There  the  affec- 
!  in  the  fluids, 
often  cures  the 
id  be  preferred 
I,  depends  upon 
m ; '  and  hence 
alyzed,  that  we 


DISEASES— REMEDIES.  ^ 

Chronic  inftammoHon  of  the  kidneys,  as  well  as  simi- 
lar affections  of  the  bladder  and  urethra,  are  often 
successfully  treated  by  a  judicious  use  of  the  waters.  I 
have  treated  numerous  cases  of  Catarrh  of  the  bladder 
successfully  by  a  proper  use  of  the  water,  and  other 
appropriate  remedies  in  connection  with  it,  always 
regarding  the  water,  however,  as  the  leading  remedy 
in  the  case. 

Diabetes  is  a  form  of  disease  in  which  the  waters 
have  occasionally  been  used  with  excellent  effect. 

Spermatorrhaa,  often  painfully  implicating  the  nerv- 
ous  system,  and  producmg  extreme  debility  not  onl^ 
of  the  sexual  organs  but  sJso  of  the  general  system,  u. 
often  greatly  benefited  at  these  springs. 

This  disease  is  gei;erally  found  complicated  with  a 
condition  of  the  skin  and  glambtlar  organs,  and  not 
unfrequently  of  the  mucous  surfaces,  that  eminently 
requires  the  aid  of  alterative  remedies.  In  all  such  com- 
plications the  waters  are  found  very  valuable  as  a 
primary  means,  preceding  and  preparing  the  system 
for  the  use  of  more  decided  tonic  remedies. 

FEMALE  DISKA9BS. 

In  female  diseases,  in  their  various  chronic  forms  of 
amenorrhea,  or  suppressed  menstruation,  tfysmenor- 
rhaa,  or  painful  menstruation,  chlorosis,  and  leucorrha-a, 
the  waters  of  the  White  Sulphur  have  been  much  em- 
ployed. When  the  cases  have  been  judiciously  dis- 
criminated and  were  free  from  the  combinations  and 
states  of  the  system  that  contra-indicate  the  use  of  the 
waters,  they  have  been  employed  with  beneficial  re- 
sults. 

CHRONIC  AFFECTIONS  OF  THE  BRAIN. 

It  is  only  since  the  introduction  of  the  custom  of 
using  the  water  in  its  unguseoiu  form  (thirty-five  years 
ago)  that  it  has  been  taken  successfully,  or  even  toler- 
ated by  the  system,  in  chronic  inflammation  of  the 


iWilimi  rmiJiMTniili  mi-ilnnVMiiiii'ii^llrmKifi 


lOO 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


brain.  I  need,  therefore,  scarcely  apprise  my  readers 
that  it  is  only  in  its  strictly  ungaseous  form  that  it 
should  be  used  in  such  cases,  and  then  in  a  careful  and 
yarded  manner.  Thus  prescribed,  I  have,  in  several 
instances,  found  it  beneficial. 

NERVOUS  DISEASES. 

Neuralgia,  in  some  form  or  other,  has  become  a  very 
common  disease  in  every  part  of  our  country ;  and  the 
number  that  visit  the  White  Sulphur  suffering  with  this 
protean  and  painful  malady  is  very  considerable. 

Sometimes  this  disease  exists  as  a  primary  or  inde- 
pendent affection,  but  far  more  frequently  as  a  tonse- 
quenee  of  visceral  or  organic  derangements.  Where 
such  is  found  to  be  the  case,  the  White  Sulphur  waters 
are  used  with  the  very  best  results.  As  an  alterative, 
to  prepare  the  neuralgic  for  receiving  the  more  tonic 
waters  to  advantage,  it  deserves  the  largest  confidence 
by  those  afflicted  with  this  annoying  m^ady. 

PARALYSIS. 

The  number  oi  paralytics  that  resort  to  the  White 
Sulphur  is  large,  and  their  success  in  the  use  of  the 
waters  various.  Cases  resulting  from  dyspeptic  de- 
pravities are  oftener  benefited  than  those  that  have 
resulted  from  other  causes.  In  almost  every  case, 
however,  some  benefit  to  the  general  health  takes  place, 
and  sometimes  an  abatement  of  the  paralysis  itself. 


BREAST  COMPLAINTS. 

In  tubercular  consumption,  whether  the  tubercles  be 
incipient  or  fully  developed,  the  White  Sulphur  water 
should  not  be  used.  Its  effects  in  such  cases  would  be 
prejudicial. 

But  there  are  other  forms  of  breast  complaints  in 
which  the  waters  have  been,  found  valuable,  particu- 
larly in  that  form  described  as 


le  my  readers 
form  that  it 
a  careful  and 
^e,  in  several 


lecome  a  very 
ktry ;  and  the 
ring  with  this 
erable. 

nary  or  inde- 
tly  as  a  canse- 
nts.  Where 
ulphur  waters 
an  alterative, 
le  more  tonic 
:st  confidence 
ady. 


to  the  White 
he  use  of  the 
dyspeptic  de- 
ose  that  have 
it  every  case, 
th  takes  place, 
lysis  itself. 


le  tubercles  be 

Sulphur  water 

cases  would  be 

complaints  in 
uable,  particu- 


•        OIIIPIPIBPI 


DISEASES— REMEDIES.  loi 

SYMPATHETIC  CONSUMPTION.* 

This  form  of  breast  complaint  is  the  result  of  morbid 
sympathies  extended  from  some  other  parts  of  the  body, 
and  more  commonly  from  a  diseased  stomach  or  liver. 
The  great/ar  vagum  nerve,  common  to  both  the  stomach 
and  lungs,  affords  a  ready  medium  of  sympathy  between 
these  two  organs.  In  protracted  cases  of  dyspepsia, 
the  stomach  often  throws  out  morbid  influences  to  the 
windpipe  and  surfaces  of  the  lungs,  occasioning  cou^t 
expectoraH0n,pain  in  the  breast,  and  many  other  usual 
symptoms  of  genuine  consumption.  So  completely, 
indeed,  docs  this  translated  aMtctxon  wear  the  livery  of 
the  genuine  disease,  that  it  is  often  mistaken  for  it. 

T^is  form  of  disease  comes  often  under  my  notice  at 
the  Springs,  and  I  frequently  witness  the  happiest  re- 
sults from  the  employment  of  the  water  m  such  cases; 
and  the  more  so,  because  its  beqeficial  effects  «solve  a 
painftil  doubt  that  often  exists  in  the  mind  of  the 
patient  as  to  the  true  character  of  the  disease. 

BRONCHITIS. 

This  affection  is  often  met  with  at  the  Springs,  some- 
times as  a  primary  affection  of  the  bronchi.  Mid  often 
as  a  result  of  other  affections,  and  especially  of  de- 
rangements of  the  digestive  and  assimilative  organs. 
In  such  translated  czsKi,  we  frequently  find  tnf  *^- 
ehitis  relieved  in  the  same  degree  that  the  originally 
diseased  organs  are  benefited. 

CHRONIC  DISEASES  OF  THE  SKIN. 

The  various  chronic  diseases  of  the  skin  are  treated 
fuith  much  success  by  a  full  course  of  the  White  Sulphur 
waters  in  connection  with  a  liberal  course  of  warm  or 
hot  sulphur  baths. 


•  For  ftilkr  infonnation  on  thb  subject,  see  "  Mineral  Waters  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada,"  by  the  author. 


loa 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


There  is  a  chronic  form  of  erysipelas,  occurring  at 
irregular  intervab,  and  most  commonly  attacking  the 
face  or  the  extremities,  that  I  have  treated  with  very 
good  success  by  the  White  Sulphur  water. 

RHEUMATISM  AND  GOtTT. 

The  rheumatic  and  the  gouty  are  habituis  of  the  White 
Sulphur.  The  well-established  reputation  of  the  waters 
in  such  cases  attracts  no  small  number  of  persons 
laboring  under  one  or  the  other  of  these  affections. 

The  primitive  reputation  of  the  water,  and  that 
which  at  an  early  day  directed  public  attention  to  its 
potency,  was  derived  from  its  successful  employment 
m  rheumatism.  The  reputation  thus  early  acquired 
has  not  been  lost,  but,  on  the  contrary,  established  and 
confirmed  by  its  successful  use  for  three-quarters  of 
a  century. 

In  most  rheumatic  cases,  the  employment  of  warm 
or  hot  sulphur  baths  constitutes  a  very  valuable  adjunct 
in  their  treatment. 

With  the  sulphur  water  as  a  drink,  and  the  use  of  the 
hot  tub  douche  and  sweating  baths  of  the  same  water, 
this  place  offers  the  strongest  inducements  for  the  resort 
of  persons  afflicted  with  chronic  rheumatism  that  can 
anywhere  be  found. 

In  proportion  as  the  waters  impress  the  digestive 
and  assimilative  organs,  they  benefit  ^tw/.  AapalHative 
in  this  disease,  they  are  always  employed  with  benefit. 

CHROMIC  FOISOMING  FROM  LBAD 

V 

Is  very  advantageously  treated  by  a  full  course  of  the 
water  and  baths.  Used  with  sufficient  persistency,  they 
may  well  be  regarded  as  the  most  reliable  remedy  to 
which  persons  thus  afflicted  can  have  recourse,  and  to 
such  I  earnestly  recommend  a  trial  of  them,  the  more 
especially,  because  the  ordinary  remedies  in  such  cases 
are  admittedly  very  unreliable. 


occurring  at 
attacking  the 
ted  with  very 


f  of  the  White 
I  of  the  waten 
>r  of  persons 
affections, 
ter,  and  that 
tention  to  its 
1  employment 
;arly  acquired 
stablished  and 
ee-quarters  of 

ment  of  warm 
luable  adjunct 

the  use  of  the 
le  same  water, 
ts  for  the  resort 
atism  that  can 

I  the  digestive 
f.  ha  palliative 
d  with  benefit. 

EAO 

I  course  of  the 
ersistency,  they 
able  remedy  to 
ecourse,  and  to 
them,  the  more 
es  in  such  cases 


L 


DISEASES— REMEDIES, 


SCROFULA. 


103 


Sulphur  waters  have  long  been  held  in  reputation  in 
the  treatment  of  scrofula.  Some  of  the  English  phy- 
sicians have  thought  such  waters  superior  to  any  other 
remedy  in  scrofula.  Dr.  Salisbury,  of  Avon,  New 
York,  speaks  favorably  of  his  experience  of  their  use 
in  such  diseases.  In  the  early  stages  of  scrofula  the 
White  Sulphur  has  often  been  used  with  decided  ad- 
vantages, but  in  the  confirmed  stages  of  this  disease  I 
do  not  consider  them  at  all  equal  in  curative  powers  to 
some  other  mineral  waters  in  this  region. 

MBRCXnilAL  DISEASE  AND  SECONDARY  SYMPTOMS  OF 
LUES. 

In  that  enfeebled,  susceptible,  and  very  peculiar  con- 
dition of  the  system,  often  found  to  exist  as  the  result 
of  a  long-continued  or  injudicious  use  of  mercury,  and 
in  what  is  commonly  known  as  the  secondary  form  of 
Lues,  the  White  Sulphur  water,  when  carried  to  its  full 
alterative  effects,  displays  its  highest  curative  powers. 
After  long  experience  of  the  use  of  the  waters  in  the 
peculiar  forms  of  disease  under  consideration,  I  have 
no  hesitation  in  saying,  that  if  called  upon  to  designate 
the  particular  affection  or  state  of  the  s^tem  in  which 
the  White  Sulphur  water  is  most  certainly  efficacious, 
I  would  not  hesitate  to  name  mercurial  diseases  and 
Secondary  Syphilis;  because  the  water  in  such  cases 
exerts  a  specific  agency,  and  more  certainly  brings 
relief  to  the  sufferer  than  any  other  known  remedy. 
This  is  strong  praise  of  the  remedy  in  these  diseases, 
and  nothing  but  long  and  successful  experience  of  its 
value  in  such  cases  could  induce  me  to  award  it. 

I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  to  those  who  are  so 
unfortunate  as  to  be  subjects  of  the  diseases  embraced 
under  this  head,  that  they  have  in  these  waters,  when 
properly  and  fully  used,  in  connection  with  warm  and 
hot  sulphur  bathing,  a  reasonable  hope  of  a  permanent 


J 


104 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


cure  that  they  cannot  have  from  the  use  of  any  other 
remedy  known  to  the  profession.  Such  cases  require 
a  full  use  of  the  waters,  and  in  every  case  the  cure  is 
obviously  hastened  by  the  use  of  other  appropriate 
means  while  the  water  is  being  taken. 

EFFECTS  OF  THE  WATER  IN  INEBRIATION. 

During  the  whole  period  of  my  residence  at  the 
Springs,  I  have  been  interested  with  the  marked  power 
I  have  seen  manifested  by  the  waters  in  iniercoming  the 
Seiire  for  the  use  of  ardent  spirits  in  those  who  had 
been  addicted  to  thieir  imprudent  use.  I  by  no  means 
claim  that  the  waters  should  be  regarded  as  a  n>eciiic 
against  either  the  love  or  the  intemperate  use  of  alco- 
holic drinks,  but  simply  that  a  proper  use  of  them  is  a 
decided  preventive  of  that  feeling  Of  necessity  or  desire 
for  the  use  of  strong  drinks  which  drives  the  inebriate 
to  use  them,  in  despite  of  his  own  judgment  to  the 
contrary.  Or,  in  other  words,  that  their  proper  use 
allays  or  destroyis  the  aptitude  or  nervous  craving  for 
ardent  spirits,  and  to  such  an  extent,  that  even  the 
habitual  drinker  and  confirmed  inebriate  feels  little  or 
no  desire  for  them  while  he  is  properly  using  the  waters. 

During  my  long  residence  here,  I  have  witnessed 
hundreds  of  cases  fully  justifying  the  above  statement. 
This  peculiar  influence  of  the  White  Sulphur  water 
depends,  first,  upon  the  action  of  the  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas  that  abounds  in  it,  and  which  is  an  active 
nervine  stimulant,  and  as  such  supplies  the  want  the 
inebriate  feels  for  his  accustomed  idcohclic  stimulant ; 
and  secondly,  it  depends  upon  the  alterative  influences 
exerted  by  the  waters  upon  the  entire  organism.  While 
by  its  alterative  power*  the  entire  animal  structure  is 
brought  into  natural  and  harmonious  action,  there  is 
a  consequent  subsidence  of  the  cerebral  and  nervous 
irritation  which  always  prevails  in  the  habitual  drunk- 
ard, the  abatement  of  which  enables  him  to  exert  a 
moral  power  greater  than  he  could  before,  and  sufiicient 


INGS. 

;  use  of  any  other 
such  cases  require 
jr  case  the  cure  is 
other  appropriate 
I. 

HEBRIATIOM. 

<  residence  at  the 
the  marked  power 
)  in  overcoming  the 
in  those  who  had 
e.    I  by  no  means 
rarded  as  a  specific 
iperate  use  of  alco- 
ler  use  of  them  is  a 
f  necessity  or  desire 
Irives  the  inebriate 
a  judgment  to  the 
It  their  proper  use 
nervous  craving  (or 
tent,  that  even  the 
ibriate  feels  little  or 
rly  using  the  waters. 
!,  I  have  witnessed 
he  above  statement, 
hite  Sulphur  water 
of  the  sulphuretted 
d  which  is  an  active 
pplies  the  want  the 
dcoholic  stimulant; 
alterative  influences 
ire  organism.  While 
animal  structure  is 
lious  action,  there  is 
erebral  and  nervous 
the  habitual  drunk- 
bles  him  to  exert  a 
before,  and  sufiicient 


DISEASES— REMEDIES. 


105 


to  overcome  the  lessened  demand  which  his  old  hf  bit, 
if  he  retains  it  in  any  degree,  now  makes  upon  him. 

In  the  initiatory  or  forming  stage  of  intemperance, 
the  free  use  of  this  water  may  be  much  relied  upon  to 
modify,  or  entirely  prevent,  the  temptation  for  strong 
drink ;  and  even  in  the  confirmed  stage,  its  persevering 
use  may  inaugurate  a  state  of  the  system  that  wf'.l  essen- 
tially aid  the  sufferer  in  overcommg  the  hurtful  habit 
of  intemperance.  Indeed,  if  the  habitual  drinker  can 
be  prevailed  upon  to  use  the  water  properly  for  some 
ten  days,  to  the  entire  exclusion  of  alcoholic  stimulants, 
he  will  have,  for  the  time  at  least,  but  little  alcoholic 
temptation  to  resist. 

Of  course,  I  will  not  be  so  misunderstood  by  any  as 
to  suppose  that  I  design  even  to  intimate  an  opinion 
that  this  water  is  a  sure  and  permanent  cure  for  either 
absolute  or  threatened  inebriation.  All  that  I  intend  to 
assert  in  this  connection  is,  that  a  proper  and  continuous 
use  of  the  water  will  very  essentially  aid  the  intemperate 
drinker  to  lay  aside  the  inebriating  cup  and  return  to 
soberness.  . 

The  will  of  the  excessive  drinker  must  necessarily 
concur,  to  some  extent,  with  any  effort  successfully 
made  for  his  relief.  But  while  this  is  so,  an  auxiliary 
agent,  as  innocent  in  its  effects  as  sulphur  water,  that 
can  so  far  satisfy  the  nervous  cravings  of  the  votary  of 
strong  drink  as  to  give  him  increased  power  to  resist 
his  morbid  habit,  while  at  the  same  time  his  general 
health  is  improved,  well  deserves,  I  conceive,  the  atten- 
tion of  all  who  need  assistance  in  this  direction. 

It  would  be  irrational  for  the  inebriate  to  expect  to 
be  cured  of  his  morbid  habit  by  simply  visiting  the 
Springs  and  drinking  its  water,  however  freely,  and  at 
the  same  time  (which  has  been  the  habit  of  some)  to 
drink  freely  also  of  alcoholic  liquors.  Such  a  course 
could  be  of  no  service  whatever.  Stimulants  of  what- 
ever kind,  in  such  a  case,  must  be  abstained  from  while 
the  water  is  establishing  its  peculiar  action  upon  the 

10 


,o6  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

system.  This  effected,  which  can^ordiiumly  be  wswii^ 
SShed  in  ten  or  twelve  days,  the  success  df  further 
SSence  n  the  use  of  the  water  is  lu^f^,  and  easily 
thSSrunder  the  control  of  the  individual  who  is 
seeking  relief. 

USE  OF  THE  WATER  BY  OPIUM-EATEKS. 

I  am  occasionally  consulted  by  distant  parties  who 
are  apprised  of  the  effects  of  the  water  xnaUaytng  the 
^J^M 'ardent  spirits,  whether  or  not  it  has  the  same 
effects  in  reference  to  the  desure  for  optates. 

U^n  this  subject  I  remark,  that  "V  otse'vat.ons  of 
the  influences  of  the  water  in  asststtng  t\iii  tnebrtate  to 
SLintinue  the  use  of  alcoholic  dri^V^^"  iS'if 
assents  to  such  discontinuance,  very  naturally  led  me 
tohope  that  it  might  afford  simihir  a«wt«»^' f  ^era 
mc^ent  of  the  Inll,  to  the  opium-eater.    But  a  good 
deal  of  difficulty  lies  in  the  way  of  making  reUable 
Stations  up6n  this  subject.     Opium-«ters,.  even 
m^rS  exc^ive  drinkers,  are  indisposed  to  divrfge 
SSr  morbid  propensity  to  their  friends  or  php"? ^' 
or   o  seek  thr<!ugh  the  aid  of  e  ther  to  be  rdi^ed  of 
their  hurtful  habit;  consequently,  «i»\ P«."°°i{y  } 
have  known  hundreds  of  visitants  to  the  Spnngs  who  I 
was  satisfied  ate  opium  to  excess,  and  some  to  very 
™t^xceS  nevertheless,  I  have  had  but  few  cases  of 
faJSentHpium-eating  placed  folly  under  my  prof^ 
Sal  government,  with  the  single  view  of  be»ng  cu^ 
Sf  the  habit.    Some  such  cases,  however,  I  have  had, 
?n  which  the  sufferers  freely  and  folly  communicated 
tS  me  the  feet  of  their    injurious  habit,  expr«sei 
Smest  desire  to  be  relieved,  and  continued  during  the 
SSatmcnt  to  exercise  all  the  force  of  will  of  which  they 
w^  ipable,  to  render  my  advice  and  prescnpUons 
ro^essfol.    In  one  of  these  cases,  entirely  succ^fal 
ST^Satment,  the  person  ^ad  been  "t^-P^bit  for 
a  long  time  of  using  not  less  than  stxiratns  of  mor- 
phia daily. 


lily  be  accom- 
ress  df  further 
ffit/,  and  easily 
ividual  who  is 


ATERS. 

at  parties  who 
in  aUaying  the 
it  has  the  same 
Us. 

observations  of 
h&ineMate  to 
,  when  his  will 
iturally  led  me 
stance,  under  a 
T.  But  a  good 
naking  reluible 
un-eaters,  even 
KMed  to  divulge 
s  or  physician, 
}  be  relieved  of 
ile  personally  I 
e  Springs  who  I 
1  some  to  very 
but  few  cases  of 
nder  my  profes- 
>  of  being  tured 
er,  I  have  had, 
'  communicated 
labit,  expressed 
nued  dunng  the 
ill  of  which  they 
id  prescriptions 
tirdv  successful 
in  tne  habit  for 
%  grains  ef  mor- 


DISEASES— REMEDIES. 


The  space  allotted  to  this  notice  will  allow  me  only 
now  to  say,  that  in  the  few  cases  alluded  to,  I  used  the 
waters  very  fully,  but  always  in  connection  with  other 
means  that  I  deemed  essential, — that  the  success  of  the 
combined  treatment  was  very  satisfactory, — that,  in  my 
opinion,  the  influences  of  the  water,  by  lessening  the 
nervous  craving  for  opiates,  materially  tuded  in  the  re- 
sults, and  that  such  results  would  not  have  taken  place 
if  the  waters  had  not  been  used.  In  the  cases  alluded 
to,  a  generous  confidence  on  the  part  of  the  sufferer, 
which  led  to  prompt  observance  of  professional  advice, 
contributed  much,  I  conceive,  especially  in  the  com- 
mencement of  the  treatment,  to  favorable  results. 

The  most  that  can  confidently  be  said  in  favor  of  the 
use  of  the  waters  in  such  cases — and  all  that  ought  to 
be  said — ^is,  that  when  they  are  judiciousfy  used,  and 
in  connection  with  proper  adjunctive  mant^ement  and 
appliances,  they  essentially  aid  the  opium-eater  in  dis- 
pensing entirely  with  the  use  of  that  drug.  I  will  only 
add  that,  in  my  management  of  such  cases,  I  have  not 
found  it  best  to  exchtde  the  entire  use  of  the  drug  when 
the  patient  first  commences  the  use  of  the  wetter,  as  I 
advise  shall  ^be  done  in  the  case  of  the  inebriate. 

I  have  not  hitherto  published  anything  upon  this 
subject,  and  simply  from  the  fact  that  I  am  satisfied 
that  the  treatment  of  such  cases  by  the  waters,  to  be 
successful,  requires  careful  professional  management, 
with  appropriate  adjunctive  means, — ^that  the  water  is 
only  an  efficient  cud,  zirA  not  a  specific,— «aA.  that  the 
management  necessary  in  connection  with  it,  to  give 
success,  depends  too  much  upon  the  precise  circum- 
stances of  each  case  to  justify  a  broad  recommenda- 
tion, without  numerous  and  essential  qualifications. 

I  have  heretofore  alluded  to  some  diseases  and  states 
of  the  system  in  which  these  waters  should  not  be  used. 
In  addition  to  what  I  havr  already  said  upon  that  sub- 
ject, I  now  remark  that  they  should  not  be  used  in 


Mn'Mf.mmm'V'U'* 


io8 


lVmT£  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


scirrhous  or  cancerous  affections,  whether  tntemal  or  ex- 
temal,  nor  in  hypertrophy  or  morbid  enlargements  of  the 
heart.  In  either  of  the  cases  supposed,  their  effects, 
especially  their  full  effects,  would  be  prejudicial. 

CHALYBEATE  SPRING. 

About  forty  rods  from  the  White  Sulphur  is  a  c)m- 
hbeate  spnng,  in  which  the  iron  exists  in  the  form  of^a 
earbontae  of  iron,  the  mildest,  least  offensive,  and  ordi- 
nariiy  the  most  valuable  form  in  which  ferruginous 
waterft-axe  found.  . . 

For  the  last  fifteen  years  this  water  hasijeen  consid- 
erably used  by  the  class  of  visitors  whose  disease  re- 
quired an  iron  tonic,  and  its  effects  have  realued  the 
rational  hopes  that  were  indulged  in  it. 


^ 


s. 

ntemal  or  ex- 
femen/s  of  the 
their  effects, 
udicial. 


phur  is  a  cha- 
the  fonn  of  a 
live,  and  ordi- 
;h  ferruginous 

Bi>een  consid- 
se  diseases  re- 
e  realized  the 


SALT  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


f09 


CHAPTER   IX. 

SALT  SULPHUR  SPWN08. 

Situntioa  and  Early  Htetory-Analysfa  by  Proftawr  Rogot»-AppU- 
cabiUtyoftheWateis. 

These  springs,  three  in  number,  are  about  twenty- 
four  miles  wuth  from  the  White  Sulphur,  m  the  county 
of  Monroe,  and  near  Union,  the  seat  of  justice  for  that 

*^°m  following  is  the  analysis  of  Professor  Rogers 
of  the  principal  spring :—  _ 

Temperature  variable  from  49  to  5^  ,•       . 

Solid  matter  procured,  by  evaporation,  from  100 
cubic  inches,  weighed,  after  being  dried  at  aia  ,  81.41 

^"^intity  of  each  solid  ingredient  in  100  cubic 
inches,  estimated  as  perfectly  free  from  water  :— 

I.  SnJphateofUme 36-7SS  gr«|n»- 

a.  Sulphate  of  magnesia "•••  7W3      „ 

3.  Sulphate  of  soda »•"  9-68»  .. 

4.  Carbonate  of  lime..... 4^  „ 

5.  Carbonate  of  magnesia M34  „ 

6.  Chloride  of  magnerium •  o-"o  „ 

7.  Chloride  of  iwBum ~ o-W3  „ 

8.  Chloride  of  caldum .....-" oo»S  ., 

o.  Peroaide  of  iron,  fcom  proto-snlphatc.............  0.04a 

10.  An  asotised  organic  matter,  blended  with  sul-  ^^ 

trfinr,  about.. ~ ~ '- ♦ 

II.  Earthy  phoqAatea -  »  ««*• 

la.  Iodine 

Volume  of  each  of  the  gases  conUined  in  a  free  state 
in  100  cubic  inches : — 

lO* 


,,o        MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen - i-io  to  i.S©  cubic  Inches. 

Nitrogen "-^S 

Oxygen......... o«7 

Carbonic  add 5-75 

The  above  analysis  applies  to  the  Iodine,  or  New 
Spring,  as  well  as  to  the  Upper,  or  Old  Spring,  as  the 
following  extract  from  a  letter  from  Professor  Rogers 
to  the  proprietors  will  show : — 

«•  I  inclose  you  a  list  of  the  ingredients  m  the  Salt 
Sulphur  water,  which  applies  to  the  New  as  well  as  to 
the  Old  Spring,  the  former  having  rather  a  smaller 
amount  of  salme  matter  in  generid,  though  in  some 
ingredients  surpassing  the  other.  It  has  been  very 
minutely  analyzed,  and  is  the  first  of  all  the  waters  in 
which  I  was  enabled  to  detect  traces  of  iodine,  which 
it  contains  in  larger  amount  than  the  Old  Spring,  and, 
indeed,  than  most  of  the  other  waters  in  which  I  have 
been  so  fortunate  as  to  discover  this  material." 

The  Salt  Sulphur  water  is  remedial  in  cases  for  which 
strong  sulphur  waters  are  successfully  used  j  and  espe- 
cially in  cases  that  require  active  cathartic  operation. 
While  its  cathartic  effects  are  more  active  than  those  of 
any  other  ymttt  in  the  geological  region  in  which  it 
exists,  it  is  neither  harsh  nor  violent;  gently  clearing 
the  alimentary  canal  without  debilitating  the  patient, 
while  its  activity  promotes  the  general  secretions,  in- 
vigorates the  appetite,  and  promotes  digestion.  The 
cathartic  effects  of  the  water  are  so  mild  and  certain 
that  the  stomach  is  not  oppressed  by  it,  nor  the  bowels 
irritoted ;  but  while  the  alimentary  canal  is  being  re- 
lieved, the  functions  of  the  system  assume  their  physio- 
logical type,  and  the  suspended  causes  of  disease  are 
gradually  removed. 

In  the  extensive  range  of  diseases  dependent  upon 
visceral  obstructions,  the  Salt  Sulphur  is  eminently 
useful ;  and  in  that  particular  form  of  simple  ^f^na 
in  which  constipation  is  a  leading  and  troublesome 
symptom,  I  have  found  it  to  be  signally  efficacious. 


I..II  mM\ .  M^A  ii  iitii  WiS^riitf  tr  iTf '-■■■'■"'-■^^^■.■^'''^^^'•''■■M  "  i*fii-iwiit  ■ 


NIA. 

0  cubic  inches. 

S 

7 

S 

line,  or  New 
pring,  as  the 
feasor  Rogera 

s  in  the  Salt 
as  well  as  to 
ler  a  smaller 
>ugh  in  some 
las  been  very 
the  waters  in 
iodine,  which 
L  Spring,  and, 
which  I  have 
trial." 

ases  for  which 
ed ;  and  espe- 
tic  operation. 
2  than  those  of 
n  in  which  it 
;ently  clearing 
g  the  patient, 
secretions,  in- 
gestion. The 
d  and  certain 
aor  the  bowels 
d  is  being  re- 
e  their  physio- 
of  disease  are 

>pendent  upon 
r  is  eminently 
mple  dyspepsia 
d  troublesome 
efficacious. 


RBD  SULPHUR  SPRINGS, 


III 


CHAPTER  X. 

RED  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

Situation  and  Improvementi-Analysls-Adaptetion  to  Disea»es,  etc. 
—New  River  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

The  Red  Sulphur  Springs  are  in  the  southern  portion 
of  the  county  of  Monroe,  forty-two  miles  south  from 
the  White  Sulphur.  •       r^„ 

The  following  is  the  result,  given  in  one  view,  froni 
the  analysis  of  this  water  by  Mr.  Augustus  A.  Hayes,  ot 
Massachusetts.  ..     .    ,  ^.         ^ ^„ 

50,000  grains  (nearly  seven  pints)  of  the  water  con- 
tain, dissolved  as  gases  (grain  measure),— 

Oubonic  acid. »««  V^ 

Nitrogen.- |*|]|  *2^     „ 

Oxygen • • • •"      «-     „ 

Hydro-sulphuric  acid ^ 

9088     •' 

And  afford  of— 

Sfliceous  and  earthy  matter ^-^ 

Sulphate  of  soda 3'» 

Sulphate  of  lime - •*' 

Carbonate  of  lime. - • *;' 

Carbonate  of  magnesia ;• J-'g 

Sulidiur  compound '• 

Carbonic  acid. '• '^ 

33.06 

Mr.  Hayes  remarks,  that  the  peculiar  sulphur  com- 
pound which  forms  a  part  of  the  saline  contents  of  this 
water  has  never  been  described,  if  it  has  ever  before 
been  met  with.    While  in  the  natural  state,  and  out  of 


i  i 


I 


119 


MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VtRGINIA. 


contact  with  atmospheric  air,  it  is  dissolved  in  the 
water,  and  fomis  a  permanent  solution.  Air,  acids, 
and  other  agents  separate  it  from  the  water,  in  the 
form  of  a  jelly,  and  alkaline  carbonates,  alkalies, 
water,  and  other  agents  re-dissolve  it.  It  has  no  acid 
action  on  test  fluids,  but  bears  that  character  with 
bases,  and  forms  compounds  analogous  to  salts. 

Mixed  with  a  small  quantity  of  water,  and  exposed  to 
the  temperature  of  8o«  Fahr.,  it  decomposes,  and  emits 
a  most  offensive  odor  of  putrefying  animal  matter* 
with  hydro-sulphuric  acid  gas.  It  is  to  this  property 
that  the  hydro-sulphuric  acid  in  the  water  is  due,  and 
to  the  oxidation  of  a  part  of  this  compound  most  of 
the  sulphuric  acid  found  in  the  water  may  be  referred. 

Mr.  Hayes  remarks,  that  "chemical  experiments  do 
not  show  the  medicinal  properties  of  the  substances 
operated  on.  But  when  a  substance,  the  result  of  deli- 
cately-balanced affinities,  gives  in  its  decomposition  an 
agent  of  powerful  action  on  the  animal  system,  we  naay 
conclude  that  it  is  an  active  ingredient,  if  found  in  a 
water  possessed  of  high  curative  powers.  I  am  dis- 
posed, therefore,"  he  says,  "to consider  the  suli)hur 
compound  in  this  water  as  the  prmcipal  medicinal 
agent  contained  in  it;  although  its  action  m  combma- 
tion  with  the  other  constituents  may  be  necessary  to 
produce  the  effects  for  which  this  water  is  so  justly 

celebrated."  ...  .    »•        ^„„«, 

Mr.  Hayes,  from  his  chemical  examinations,  comw. 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  red  color  of  the  matter  which 
is  deposited  on  the  slabs,  etc.,  is  that  of  moss  or  hchen, 
which  finds  its  habitat  in  the  viscid  covering  produced 
by  the  deposition  of  the  sulphur  compound. 

The  peculiar  and  distinguishing  reputation  of  this 
water,  as  a  medicinal  agent,  is  for  diseases  of  the 
ataracie  viscera,  and,  by  some,  it  has  been  considered 
remedial  in  confirmed  tubercular  consumption.  Dis- 
senting entirely  from  this  high  claim  for  the  water  as  a 


Idpil 


UlflA. 

solved  in  the 
1.  Air,  acids, 
water,  in  the 
lates,  alkalies, 
It  has  no  acid 
character  with 
:o  salts. 

and  exposed  to 
Dses,  and  emits 
tnimal  matter, 
o  this  property 
Iter  is  due,  and 
pound  most  of 
lay  be  referred, 
experiments  do 
the  substances 
e  result  of  deli- 
composition  an 
system,  we  may 
,  if  found  in  a 
vs.     I  am  dis- 
ler  the  sulpthur 
:ipal  medicinal 
ion  in  combina- 
be  necessary  to 
Iter  is  so  justly 

linations,  comes, 
he  matter  which 
'  moss  or  lichen, 
Bering  produced 
ound. 

putation  of  this, 
diseases  of  the 
been  considered 
sumption.  Dis- 
}r  the  water  as  a 


XED  SULPHUR  SPXINGS, 


»«3 


remedy  in  confirmed  consumption,  my  observations  for 
many  years  enable  me  to  award  to  it  decided  efficacy 
in  many  cases  of  irritaHon  of  the  pulmonary  organs. 
In  sympathetic  or  translated  affections  of  the  lungs, 
whether  that  state  be  occasioned  from  disease  of  the 
dieestive  or  chylopoietic  viscera,  or  be  dependent  upon 
the  retrocession  of  some  habitual  discharge,  the  water 
deserves  to  be  regarded  as  a  valuable  remedy. 

While  the  Red  Sulphur,  has  been  considered  pecu- 
liarly adapted  to  the  cure  of  pulmonary  diseases,— and  it 
is  tme  that  it  has  a  beneficial  influence  in  many  cases 
of  this  kind,— its  good  effects  equally  extend  to  all 
cases  of  subacute  inflammation,  whether  seated  in  the 
stomach,  liver,  spleen,  intestines,  kidneys,  bladder,  and 
most  particularly  in  the  mucous  membrane. 

It  is  also  used  with  good  effects  m  chronic  Iwwel 
complaints,  leucorrhoea,  gleet,  catarrh  of  the  bladder, 
and  in  some  forms  of  uterine  derangement. 

With  this  as  with  other  sulphur  waters,  if  the  system 
should  be  too  plethoric,  or  too  much  excited,  the  use 
of  the  water  should  be  postponed  until  the  excitement 
shall  be  reduced  to  a  proper  state.    Commence  by 
taking  one  glass  of  water  at  bedtime,  and  one  before 
breakfast;  after  a -few  days,  take  two  glasses  at  bed- 
time, and  two  before  breakfast,  one  at  eleven  o  clock 
A.ii.,  and  one  at  five  p.m.  ;  this  quantity  will  generally 
operate  freely  on  the  bowels;  if  it  should  fiiil  to  pro- 
duce this  effect,  a  little  common  salt,  m^esia,  or 
cream  of  tartar  may  be  added.    If  it  is  desired  to  act 
on  the  kidneys,  increase  the  quantity  of  water  to  three 
or  four  glasses  between  a  light  supper  and  bedtune, 
and  the  same  quantity  between  daylight  in  the  morning 
and  breakfast-time,  two  glasses  at  noon,  and  one  or  two 
Klasses  about  five  o'clock  p.m.,  taking  care  to  exercise 
freely  after  drinking.    The  most  proper  periods- for 
using  the  water  are,  at  night  before  bedtime,  and  m 
the  morning  before  breakfast-time. 


"4 


MINERAL    WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


HEW  RIVIR  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

This  name  is  given  to  a  recently  improved  sulphur 
spring  on  New  River,  in  the  county  of  Giles,  a  few 
miles  southwest  from  the  Red  Sulphur.  This  property 
has  been  improved  within  the  last  twenty  years,  for  the 
entertainment  of  visitors. 

The  waters  of  this  fountain  have  not  been  analyzed, 
but  they  belong  to  the  great  Sulphur  class,  so  abun- 
dantly found  in  that  geological  region,  and  are  valuable 
in  such  cases  as  are  usually  successfully  treated  by  mild 
Sulphur  waters. 

These  Springs  may  be  reached  by  stage  or  private 
conveyance  from  the  Virginia  and  Tennessee  Railroad, 
at  Newbem  or  Christiansburg,  or  from  the  Red,  Salt, 
.  or  Montgomery  White  Sulphur  Springs. 


UNtA. 


SWEBT  SPRINGS. 


«•• 


UNOS. 

»roved  sulphur 

r  Giles,  a  few 

This  property 

^  years,  for  the 

been  analyzed, 
class,  so  abun- 
ad  are  valuable 
reated  by  mild 

tage  or  private 
essee  Railroad, 
the  Red,  Salt, 


CHAPTER  XI. 


SWKBT    SPRINGS. 


Sitiwtion  and  Early  HUtory— Improvementa— Analyita— Elfccti  of  the 
Wateift— Adaptation  of  tiie.Waten  at  a  Beverage,  and  ai  a  Bath,  ete. 

The  Sweet  Springs  are  situated  in  a  pleasant  valley 
in  the  eastern  extremity  of  Monroe  County.  They  are 
seventeen  miles  southeast  from  the  White  Sulphur,  and 
twenty-two  east  from  the  Salt  Sulphur. 

These  springs  were  discovered  in  1 764,  before  any  of 
the  other  mineral  waters  in  this  section  of  the  State 
were  known.  In  1774,  they  had  attracted  so  much 
attention  as  to  be  analyzed  by  Bishop  Madison,  tfiell 
President  of  William  and  Mary  College.         ' 

The  valley,  in  which  the  spring  is  situated,  is  about 
five  miles  in  length,  and  from  one-half  to  three-fourths 
of  a  mile  in  wi^th,  and  is  bounded  on  the  south  by 
the  lofty  Sweet  Spring  Mountain,  and  on  the  north  l^ 
the  Alleghany.  The  spring  and  bath  are  situated  in 
the  lower  end  of  a  small  hoUow  or  valley,  that  makes 
out  from  the  base  of  the  Sweet  Spring  Mountain,  from 
which  the  ground  gradually  swells  on  either  side.  Con- 
tiguous to  the  spring  is  a  grove  of  a  few  old  natives  of 
the  forest  that  have  fortunately  escaped  the  an  of  the 
spoiler,  which,  together  with  a  sodding  of  grass,  give 
the  means  of  a  pleasant  promenade  in  good  weather. 

The  earlier  improvements  of  the  place  were  of  a 
rude  but  ccmifortable  character ;  they  have  now,  for  the 
most  part,  eiven  way  to  buildings  of  a  high  order  of 
architecture  merit,  and  attractive  in  every  respect. 


„6         MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

The  bathing-houst  is  a  tasteful  and  elegant  struc- 
ture ;  and  the  separate  reservoirs,  for  the  use  of  ladies 
uid  gentlemen,  are  of  ample  size,  and  arranged  to 
give  every  comfort  to  the  bathers. 

The  temperature  (Bell)  of  the  Sweet  Spring  is  73» 
Fahr.,  the  same  as  that  which,  in  England,  by  a  strange 
blunder,  is  called  Bristol  Hot  Well.  There  is  con- 
siderable resemblance  between  the  two  in  other  respects, 
as  well  in  the  evolution  of  carbonic  acid  as  m  the 
earthy  and  saline  matters  held  in  solution.  In  the 
Virginia  spring,  howfever,  iron  has  been  detected ; 
whereas  the  Bristol  Hot  Well  has  none  in  its  composi- 

By  the  analysis  of  Rowelle,  one  quart  of  the  Sweet 
Spring  water  contains: — 

Saline  wtatancet  In  general «•  *>  »S  «»^- 

Earthy  luteunce* - "  ,„   ,  »«.i„ 

Iron... *  ♦•>   »  «^"- 

The  saline  subsUnces  are  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
muriate  of  soda,  and  muriate  of  lime,  with  a  little 
sulphate  of  lime.  The  earthy  matter  consists  of  sul- 
phate of  lime,  a  small  portion  of  carbonate  of  magnesia 
and  lime,  with  a  small  portion  of  siliceous  earth. 

Professor  Rogers,  in  the  course  of  his  geological 
survey  of  the  State,  analysed  the  waters  of  the  Sweet 
Spring,  with  the  following  results :— 

ist.  Solid  matter  procured  by  evaporation  from  one 
hundred  cubic  inches,  31.67. 

A  portion  of  this  is  combined  with  water. 

ad.  Quantity  of  each  solid  ingredient,  estimated  as 
perfectly  free  from  water,  in  one  hundred  cubic 
inches: — 

Sulphite  of  lime S-7g 

Su^te  of  magnefia •••••••••    J^ 

O^ttkte of  limy.V.""V.""""" »30i3 

Chloride  of  sodium «°°? 

'    Chloride  of  iqagnnium •'•^S" 


is^.^tMR/*"*"*''- 


* 


i-'^moK.aeiSS^^to'Jcs^mi^^ki^dS^)!^ . 


QINIA. 

elegant  struc- 
Ite  UM  of  ladies 
id  arranged  to 

t  Spring  is  73* 
nd,  by  a  strange 
There  is  con- 
n  other  respects, 
acid  as  in  the 
ilution.  In  the 
been  detected; 
\  in  its  composi- 

irt  of  the  Sweet 


...  latoisgnins. 
...  18  to  04     " 
,..    )  to   I  grain. 

te  of  magnesia, 
le,  with  a  little 
consists  of  sul- 
tnate  of  magnesia 
:eous  earth. 
)f  his  geological 
ers  of  the  Sweet 

oration  from  one 

water. 

tent,  estimated  as 
hundred   cubic 


4.067 

13.013 
0.060 
ai36 


:■!.  ;:1 


SWEET  SPRINGS.  *nj 

Chloride  of  cttelum - o«6s 

Peroxide  of  iron  (fctquioxlde) 0.061 

Silica 0075 

Earthy  phosphate «  trace. 

3d.  Volume  of  each  of  the  gases  contained  in  a  free 
state  in  one  hundred  cubic  inches  of  the  water : — 

Carbonic  add 37J7 

Nitrogen »••• 

Oxygen •••  attic*. 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen,  a  trace,  too  tinaU  to  be  meaiurad. 

4th.  Composition  of  one  hundred  cubic  inches  of 
the  mixed  gases  rising  in  bubbles  in  the  spring  :— 

Nitrogen 7»-7 

'  Carbonic  acid •••3 

The  chief  distinguishing  feature  of  this  water  is  the 
predominance  of  the  carbonic  acid  (fixed  air)  which  it 
contains,  and  it  is  properly  regarded  as  the  best  cxam> 
pie  of  the  acidulous  waters  that  is  found  in  our  country. 

The  name  of  these  waters  is  calculated  to  convey 
erroneous  impressions  of  their  taste,  which  is  like  a 
solution  of  a  small  quantity  of  a  calcareous  or  magne* 
sian  carbonate.  The  excess  of  carbonic  acid  givet» 
however,  the  water  a  briskness,  productive  of  a  very 
different  effect  on  the  palate  from  what  an  imperfect 
mixture  of  the  earths  would  produce. 

The  first  effecU  of  the  water  (due  to  its  temperattire 
and  gaseous  contents),  when  drunk,  are  a  feeling  of 
warmth  at  the  stomach,  with  a  sensation  of  fullness  of 
the  head,  and  some  giddiness.  Taken  at  stated  inter- 
vals in  moderate  quantity,  it  will  produce  a  moisture 
on  the  skin,  and  increase  the  ilow  of  urine.  If  the 
stomach  be  in  a  good  sUte,  it  gives  additional  appetite, 
and  imparts  fresh  vigor  to  the  system.  Its  openlkSit 
on  the  bowels  vary  at  first ;  but,  after  a  more  protncted 
use,  it  will  generally  be  found  to  increase  a  costive 
habit. 

II 


Il8 


MINERAL  WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


The  Sweet  Spring  water  is  serviceable  in  the  varieties 
of  dyspepsia  accompanied  by  gastrodynia  or  spasm, 
with  pains  occurring  at  irregular  intervak,  and  heart- 
bum,  where  the  extremities  are  cold  and  the  skin 
torpid.  la  secondary  debility  of  the  digestive  canal, 
from  the  exhausting  heats  of  summer,  or  in  chronic 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  without  fever,  or  not  sustained 
by  hepatic  inftunmation,  advantage  will  be  derived  by 
the  internal  use  of  these  waters. 

If  much  gastric  irritation,  or  evident  phlogosis  of 
the  liver,  be  present,  with  a  parched  skin  and  other 
phenomena  of  fever,  it  will  be  better  to  premise  one  or 
two  small  bleedings,  followed  )>y  the  use  of  a  blue  pill 
at  night,  and  a  tumblerful  or  two  of  the  water,  to  which 
has  Men  added  a  teaspoonful  of  Epsom  salts,  or  twice 
Uiequantity  of  calcined  magnesia,  early  in  the  morning. 

The  harassing  cough  to  which  young  persons  are 
occasionally  sufc^t,  and  which  often  has  its  origin  in 
an  enfeebled  state  of  the  stomach,  or  in  scrofulous 
habits  from  the  enlargement  of  the  bronchial  glands, 
ai  also  the  buHs  htmoraKs  of  old  people,  will  all  be 
materially  benefited  by  the  use  of  these  waters.  The 
relief  afforded  in  such  cases  as  these  has  usually  given 
Bristol  Hot  Well  its  reputation  in  the  cure  of  pulmonary 
coniomption. 

Females  who  have  become  enervated  by  long  con- 
finement, or  from  nursing  their  children,  and  whose 
eomtitatioM  have  suflered  for  want  of  exercise  and  fresh 
air,  wfll  be  benefited  by  the  use  of  these  waters,  inter- 
nally and  as  a  bath. 

In  subacute  riieomatism,  and  in  neuralgic  attacks, 
dw  Sweet  Spring  AMI  is  often  useftd.  In  the  dosing 
ttagei  of  acute  rheumatism,  the  patien^  is  wmetimes 
hanaed  with  a  lingering  irritability  of  his  ^lyltem,  with 
teodemew,  pain,  and  inatrility  in  the  diapMed  joints, 
attended  with  di^t  fererishness,  especially  toward  the 
dose  of  the  di^y. 

In  iddi  caiei,  while  hot  or  warm  bathing  would  be 


VIRGINIA. 

able  in  the  varieties 
trodynia  or  spasm, 
ntervals,  and  heart- 
cold  and  the  skin 
the  digestive  canal, 
imer,  or  in  chronic 
ver,  or  not  sustained 
e  will  be  derived  by 

>vident  phlogosis  of 
:hed  skin  and  other 
;er  to  premise  one  or 
the  use  of  a  blue  pill 
if  the  water,  to  which 
Spsom  salts,  or  twice 
early  in  the  morning. 
I  young  persons  are 
^en  has  its  origin  in 
ch,  or  in  scrofulous 
le  bronchial  glands, 
d  people,  will  all  be 
>f  these  waters.  The 
lese  has  usually  given 
the  cure  of  pulmonary 

ervated  by  long  con- 
children,  and  whose 
tt  of  exercise  and  fresh 
sf  these  waters,  inter- 
in  neuralgic  attacks, 
lefid.    In  the  clonng 
patienf  it  sometimes 
lity<rfhbsyltem,with 
n  the  disTMed  joints, 
,  especially  toward  the 

inn  bathing  woold  be 


SWEET  SPRINGS, 

injurious,  the  baths  of  the  Sweet  or  Red  Sweet  Springs 
may  be  resorted  to  with  the  best  effects.  The  use  of 
the  spwt  in  such  cases  is  valuable,  by  placing  the  dis- 
eased part  under  the  falling  water  and  allowmg  it  to 
receive  the  dash  for  a  short  time. 

A  very  efficacious  way  of  applying  this  water  to  the 
surface  is  by  iouclu^-^atit  stream  bemg  directed  to  tlM 
part  in  which  the  disease  is  situated,— wherever  there  is 
"  augmented  '  'at  and  fixed  pain,  as  over  the  stomach, 
or  liver,  or  abdomen  generally,  above  tjie  puba,  or  on 
the  loins  and  sacrum;  also  to  the  jomts,  when  the 
violence  of  inflammation  has  not  yet  subsided,  nor 
'oaasKA  entirely  into  the  chronic  state.  If  the  irritation 
of  the  stomach  forbids  the  drinking  of  the  water, 
douching  the  epigastrium  would  form  a  good  preparative 
for  its  use  in  this  way.  Lumbago,  with  some  evening 
fever,  chlorosis  <x  fluor  aUms,  with  heat  and  pain  at  the 
loins,  would  be  benefited  by  douching  this  part. 

«'  The  excess  of  carbonic  acid,  and  the  presence  of 
earthy  carbonates  in  the  water,  make  it  useful  in  cal- 
culous and  nephritic  complaints." 

As  a  tonic,  in  cases  of  pure  debility,  they  ma)r  be 
used  with  advantage,  always,  however,  regarding  this  m 
an  aphorism,  that  they  are  centra-indicated,  and  should 
be  wiihheid,  in  all  cases  in  which  there  is  positive  conges- 
Hon  in  any  of  the  viial  organs.         .     ^    „      ,.    . 

The  first  sensation  on  immersion  in  the  Sweet  bpnng 
bath  is  a  slight  shock,  which  speedily  passes  off,  jeavinff 
the  bather  with  the  most  agreeable  sensations  while  he 
dUports  himself  in  the  sparkling  pool.         .    .     , . . 

The  bath  is  uasuited  to  i^tparafytu,  and  shouia  De 
avoided  by  those  in  whom  apoplectic  tendencies  axe 

threatening.  ....  i.     ...    j^ 

In  using  the  bath,  "  the  chief  points  to  be  attended 
to  are,  that  the  skin  should  not  be  moist  or  cold  with 
perspiration,  nor  that  there  shall  be  general  chill,  nor 
the  languor  that  follows  excessive  muscular  action.  The 
stomach  also  should  be  nearly  empty,  or,  at  least,  not 


ii  ■; 


y^T  f 'a^^JSJfeiftV*  ■  ^  'as'-^  ■  ■ 


ISO 


MINERAL    WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


actively  engaged  in  its  work  9r<*»8f*»«f- „  ,**^I 
penons  are  injudicious  in  renjaimng  too  long  in  the 
bath.  From  two  to  eight  minutes  will  embrace  !«"«>» 
adapted  to  every  condition,  and  only  the  most  robust 
should  remain  in  the  last-mentioned  time.  I"  » la^S* 
majority  of  cases,  indeed,  in  all  cases  m  which  there  is 
much  general  debility,  from  two  to  five  minutes,  ac- 
cording to  circumstances,  will  embrace  the  proper 
periods  for  remaining  in  the  bath. 


.-  ^iai<iiaiaiteWMaawa>'rtB»>; 


rtion."  Many 
x)  long  in  the 
mbrace  periods 
he  most  robust 
ne.  In  a  large 
1  which  there  is 
ve  minutes,  ac- 
ice  the  proper 


i>)emfe:»-i..«iaAi»>te-. 


m 


f4 


m 


N 


CHAPTER  XII. 

SWEBT  CHALYBEATE,  OR  RED  SWEET  SPRINGS. 

Thdr  Aiudyrit-Nature  and  MetUdnid  Ad^ttirtkNis  of  die  Watm  m 
kBmrag*«MlaBMh-ArtificiidWaiinBirthi,«te. 

One  mile  north  of  the  Sweet  Springs,  on  the  rojd 
leading  to  the  White  Sulphur,  and  just  withm  the 
southern  border  of  Alleghany  County,  are  the  Ilea 
Sweet  S^ngs. 

This  property,  embracing  about  1700  acres  of  land, 
affords  one  of  the  most  productive  farms  in  the  SUte, 
—a  very  great  convenience  to  a  tq>ring  establishment 
in  reference  to  its  supplies.      *  , 

The  improvements  subservient  to  the  springs  m« 
spacious,  weULilesigned,  and  comfortoble,  and  are  suffi- 
cient for  thl^ommodation  of  from  three  to  four  hun- 
dred persons.  Among  them  are  well-designed  and 
uwcious  boMng-pooit  for  gentlemen  and  ladies,  each 
affording  a  douche,  (ifom  the  use  of  which  the  bather 
may  often  derive  most  essential  benefit. 

There  are  also  here  ladies'  and  gentlemen's  iamig- 
ropms  fitted  up  for  receiving  M  dr  warm  iaiks  of  any 
desired  temperature. 

There  are  two  medicinal  springs  at  thisesublishmmt, 
the  one  a  few  paces  below  the  hotel,  essentially  the 
same,  both  in  quality  and  temperature,  with  the  old 
Sweet  Springs;  indeed,  it  may  be  regarded  as  identi- 
cally the  same  water.  The  other,  some  forty  rods,  per- 
haps, above  the  hotel,  is  in  many  respects  !««  it^brt 
conuining  a  much  larger  quantity  of  iron,  which,beuif 
abundantly  deposited  in  the  form  of  a  red  precipitate, 
has  pven  it  the  name  of  Xed  Sj^ritig. 


II' 


(isi) 


„"ji,.-^-.-^^u;„ 


,„         MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

The  water  of  the  Red  Spring,  which  is  the  charac- 
teristic water  of  the  place,  and  most  relied  upon  both 
for  drinking  and  bathing,  issues  from  beneath  heavy 
and  irregular  stone  arches,  just  at  the  head  of  a  narrow 
cove  formed  by  a  projecting  hill  on  one  stde,  and  on 
the  other  by  large  masses  of  porous  stone,  probably 
deposited  there  from  the  Sweet  Spring  water,  which 
once  flowed  in  this  direction. 

There  are  here  three  founuins,  separated  by  narrow 
stone  partitions,  but  all  running  into  one  common 
sluice  ^e  upper  and  boldest  of  these  fountains  is 
•bout' two  degrees  colder  than  the  two  lower  ones,  and 
evidently  contains  less  of  ferruginoiM  matter.  The 
water  issuing  from  all  of  them  is  probably  two  hundred 
and  fifty  gallons  in  a  minute. 

The  water  of  the  Red  l^ng  has  been  twice  ana- 
Iwed.  first  by  Rowelle,  and  then  by  Professor  Rogers. 
Accoiding  to  Rowelle,  »ne  fuart  of  this  water  con. 
tains — 

Cubonate  of  Mme *  gr«tafc 

Caiboaate  of  magnets. J      „ 

CMbonaie  of  Inm- ,  -,^ 

SBou. " T      " 

So^ilwteof  in«gne^ .      •< 

Mttifatte  of  loda. •      .. 

Itw  ooiBMned. ••••" """ 

Cubonic  add. 

The  foUowing  U  the  result  of  an  analyris  by  Pro- 

^'li'.^dlilter, procuredbv  ev»P<>'{ij5»  ^J"  °"* 
hundred  cubic  inches,  weighed,  after  being  dried  at 

<  tia*,  40.76.  ^.    J      » 

A  portion  of  this  is  combined  water. 
adfOuantity  of  each  solid  ingredient  estimated  as  per- 
fectly free  from  water.    In  onehundred cubic  inches :-- 

S»SSS-^rj::::::::::::::::::::r~::::::::::3 


aiimtH^tenmu 


« 


;w')!«if»aiitt;.  •-»«,«.. 


IJNIA. 

is  the  charac- 
lied  upon  both 
beneath  heavy 
ad  of  a  narrow 
e  side,  and  on 
tone,  probably 
g  water,  which 

tted  by  narrow 
one  common 

»e  fountains  is 

lower  ones,  and 
matter.    The 

>ly  two  hundred 

been  twice  ana* 
rofessor  Rogers, 
this  water  con- 


.  Agtmina. 

.3  " 
..  a  •• 
..  ignia. 
..  X  " 
..  »  •• 
-I      " 


analysis  byPro- 

tmUioa  from  one 
r  being  dried  at 

r. 

t  estimated  as  per- 

d cubic  inches:—^ 

*...  X4.«33 

3»o7 

.-   1400 


i     ^^f 


SWEET  CHALYBEATE  SPXINGS.  IS3 

Cuboiuitaoflime. "*! 

Chloride  of  sodium "'^ 

Chloride  of  mafnetium °"^ 

Chloride  of  calcium ^°" 

Soquioxideofiron •• -•-  '^3"" 

Onmnic  matter  in  small  qnantitiet. 
lomne,  a  mere  trace. 

The  iron  is  no  doubt  dissolved  in  the  water  as  a 

carbonate.  ,  ,     .  .      ,___ 

td.  Volume  of  each  of  the  gases  contained  m  a  free 
sute,  in  one  hundred  cubic  inches  of  the  water  :— 

Ortomcadd 46.i»c«blciache.. 

Nitrogen ''^ 

S^l^etted  hi^ii^i"ii*timce"too  to  be  meaMtred. 

4th.  Composition  of  one  hundred  cubic  inches  of 
the  mixed  gases  rising  in  bubbles  in  the  spring :— 

Nitrogen^ •.•••• *• "" ^^ 

CarbonicacfaL. »•' 

The  temperature  of  the  Red  Spring  water,  aa  it 
issues  from  three  different  heads,  is  from  75  to  79  . 
Frequent  examinations  of  this  spring  with  a  thermom- 
eter  induce  me  to  believe  that  its  temperature  isdightly 
variable,  never  ezceecUng,  however,  one  or  two  degrees 

°^']nw*M3'yses  of  the  Red  Sweet  awl  Sweet  Spring 
waters,  by  the  same  chemist,  show  that  they  contain 
essentially  the  same  ingredients,  but  in  different  pro- 
portions, both  the  salts  and  the  «w«bemg  more  abun- 
^t  in  the  former.  The  chief  diferencem  the  medicinal 
effect  of  the  two  waters  is  probably  owing  to  the  larger 
quantity  of  iron  held  in  solution  by  the  Red  SwMt. 
While  the  Sweet  Spring  contains  of  iron  0.061  gr^ 
in  one  hundred  cubic  inches  of  its  water,  the-Red 
Sweet  in  the  same  amount  of  water  contains  o-aao,  or 
about  four-fifths  in  excess.  This  goes,  so  far  as  analysis 
can  be  satisfactory,  to  prove  its  higher  tonic  pow«r. 


i 


I 
i 


ia4         MINERAL    WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

The  iron  in  thia  water  existe  in  the  form  of  a  carbo- 
nate, held  in  solution  by  carbonic  acid  gas,  constituting 
the  mildest,  and,  at  the  same  time,  the  most  efficient 
preparation  of  ferruginous  waters.     ^     ^   .  _         . 
While  the  carbonic  acid  gas  m  the  Red  Sweet  is 
41.10  grains  against  37.17  in  the  Sweet,  the  carbonates 
as  a  whole  largely  prevail  in  the  latter.    Apain,  white 
the  sulphate  of  lime  is  much  the  largest  in  the  Red 
Sweet,  the  sulphates  of  magnesia  and  soda,  both  aperi- 
ent in  their  character,  decidedly  predominate  in  the 
Sweet  Spring  waters.    It  may  be  noted  that  todtne,  in 
small  quantity,  is  found  in  the  Red  Sweet,  and  not  m 
the  Sweet :  but  its  quantity  is  doubtless  very  small,  Md 
I  am  not  aware  of  any  peculiar  effects  of  the  water  that 
can,  with  cerUinty,  be  attributed  to  this  agent.    It 
may,  possibly,  exert  some  beneficial  influence  as  a  tonic 
in  combination  with  the  other  ingredtents.    From  a 
review  of  the  analyses  of  these  two  interesting  waters, 
as  well  as  from  observation  of  their  effects  on  du^, 
it  would  not  be  very  inaccurate  to  say  that  the  Red  is 
the  Sweet  Spring  water  with  a  strong  won  base.    But 
medical  men,  who  should  look  closely  into  rtie  peculi- 
arities of  remedial  agents,  wUl  find  upon  careful  scrutiny 
of  these,  that  the  difference  in  the  amount  and  combi- 
naHon  of  their  materials  must  modify,  to  some  extent, 
their  therapeutical  agency  upon  the  human  system,  and 
that,  according  to  the  practical  object  they  wish  to 
effect,  they  shoidd  select  one  or  the  other  of  them. 

As  a  general  rote,  it  is  fidlacious  to  adopt  the  analy- 
sis of  a  mineral  water  as  a  guide  in  its  administration. 
Although  an  analysis,  as  correct  m  can  be  obtained 
in  the  present  state  of  chemical  science,  is  an  impor- 
tant assistant  in  understanding  the  general  nature  of  re- 
medial  waters,  and  aiding-in  the  formation  of  general 
conclusions  in  relation  to  them,  still,  actual  observation 
of  the  peculiar  effects  of  these  agente  is  greatly  more 
satisfactory,  and  for  more  to  be  relied  upon.  Mineral 
waters  often  produce  effects  upon  the  animal  economy 


sRssftitsagiiS^ife- 


iw^ii'-'" 


« 


~1 


(T 


INIA. 

rm  of  a  carbo- 

is,  constituting 

most  efficient 

Red  Sweet  is 
the  carbonates 

Again,  while 
Bst  in  the  Red 
da,  both  aperi- 
>niinate  in  the 

that  icditu,  in 
>et,  and  not  in 
very  small,  and 

the  water  that 
this  agent.    It 
lence  as  atonic 
ients.    From  a 
cresting  waters, 
!cts  on  disease, 
that  the  Red  is 
iron  base.    But 
into  the  peculi- 
I  carefiilscrutin^ 
lunt  and  combi- 
to  some  extent, 
nan  system,  and 
:t  they  wish  to 
ler  of  them, 
idopt  the  analy- 
administration. 
an  be  obtained 
oe,  is  an  impor- 
enil  nature  of  re- 
ition  of  general 
:tttal  observation 

is  greatly  more 
upon.  Mineral 
snimal  economy 


SWEET  CHALYBEATE  SfEINGS 


"5 


that  are  not  Indicated  by  their  analyses,  and,  in  some 
cases,  they  produce  results  that  are  directly  contra- 
indicated.  But,  in  reference  to  these  particular  waters, 
there  seems  to  be  quite  a  concurrence  between  the  in- 
dications afforded  by  their  analyses  and  actual  observa- 
tion  as  to  their  effects.  ,       j  »^ 

With  both  of  these  lights  before  us,  we  are  forced  to 
regard  the  Red  Spring  water  as  being  more  decidedly 
tonic  in  its  influences  upon  the  system  than  the  water 
of  the  Sweet  Spring,  and  somewhat  more  exciting,  too; 
hence,  all  the  cautions  that  have  been  "IJ"  »"!•*'' 
ence  to  the  contra-indications  of  the  use  of  the  Sweet 
Spring  water,  apply  even  with  more  force  as  to  the  use 

^  From  the  same  lights  we  also  learn  that,  as  a  very 
gentle  aperient,  and  a  mild  and  somewhat  less  exctttng 
AwiV,  the  Sweet  Springs  have  the  preference,  and  espe- 
cially in  such  cases  as  do  not  admit  or  require  the  use 
of  chalybeates.  The  dimreHc  effect  is  about  the  same 
from  the  use  of  either  water. 

These  general  principles  may,  to  some  extent,  I  hope, 
indicate  the  class  of  cases  that  will  be  most  benefited 
by  one  or  the  other  of  these  springs.  But  it  must  be 
confessed  that  the  suWect  is  someHmes  an  intricate  one, 
requiring  a  full  knowledge  of  the  case,  with  a  careful 
comparative  estimate  of  the  powers  of  the  two  waters, 
to  decide  with  certainty  under  the  use  of  which  the 
patient  will  be  mort  benefited.  There  n,  however,  a 
We  class  of  cases  that  will  be  essentially,  if  not  eqtially, 
benefited  by  the  use  of  either  of  these  waters.  To  «ach 
cases  as  require  the  use  of  the  iron  tonics,  the  Red  Swwt 
water  is  peculiarly  weU  adapted,  and  maybe  prescribed 
with  ereat  confidence. 

Both  internally,  and  as  a  bath,  the  Red  Sweet  waters 
are  adapted  to  numerous  diseases.  As  a  tome  in  cises 
of  nervous  debility,  or  of  general  prostration,  the  result 
of  prior  violent  disease,  they  may  be  used  with  great 
confidence.    In  tfy^efsio,  farHeuUtrfy  wkm  comueted 


gg6         MINERAL  WATERS  OF  VIRGmtA. 

with  gastrotfynia,  and  irregular  pains  in  the  stomach, 
with  want  of  tone  in  the  alimentary  canal,  they  may  de 
advantageoualy  employed.  In  Gastralgio,  or  nervous 
dyspepua,  after  the  force  of  the  disease  has  been  soft- 
ened down  by  the  use  of  medicines,  or  alterative  mm- 
eral  waters,  they  deserve  the  highest  commendation. 

Cases  of  chronic  diarrhoea  have  been  cured  by  the 
Red  Sweet  waters,  after  other  springs,  more  commonly 
recommended  for  that  disease,  have  failed  to  give  relief. 
Simple  debility  of  the  uterine  and  urinary  functions 
is  very  generally  benefited  by  these  waters,    ^erma- 
torrhma,  and  that  peculiar  nervous  prostration  con- 
nected with  excessive  or  improper  indulgences,  are  very 
happily  treated  by  them,  where  regard  is  had  to  the 
state  of  the  system  in  connection  with  their  use.    They 
are  profiubly  prescribed  in  debility  resulting  from  ex- 
hausting discharges,  provided  such  ducharges  have  lelt 
no  seat  of  irritation  to  which  general  excitement  may 
cause  a  rapid  afflux  of  fluids  with  increased  sensibility. 
Ladies  who  are  laboring  under  debility  from  long 
confinement  or  nursing,— those  whose  hwlth  has  be- 
come impaired  from  want  of  exercise  m  the  open  air, 
as  well  as  those  who  have  been  enervated  by  ieucmrfuea, 
or  other  exhausting  causes,  will  be  greatly  benefited  by 
using  the  water  and  bath.  .  ^      . . 

In  Neuralpt  aifections,  unattended  «  th  organic 
lesion  or  obstruction,  this  water  is  used  with  very  gen- 
eral success,  and  rarely  fails  to  ameliorate  or  cure  such 

cas^ss.  ^  o      J      J 

In  speaking  of  the  waters  of  the  Red  Sweet  and 
Sweet  Srings,  I  wish  to  be  understood  as  alluding  to 
the  baths,  as  well  as  to  the  internal  use  of  *«];[*»«»• 
In  a  large  majority  of  cases,  the  bath  is,  douDtiMS,  tne 
most  prominent  agent  in  effecting  a  cure.  Merely  as  a 
AiM,  there  is  probably  little  difference  in  me  effects  of 
the  two  springs.  The  temperature  of  the  Red  Sweet 
is  two  or  three  degrees  warmer  than  the  Sweet,  i  nis, 
in  some  cases,  might  be  a  difference  of  importance. 


* 


GimA. 

n  the  ttomach, 
a1,  they  maybe 
jfia,  or  nervous 
I  has  been  soft- 
alterative  min- 
mmendation. 
sn  cured  by  the 
more  commonly 
ed  to  give  relief, 
rinary  functions 
aters.    S^rma- 
prostration  con- 
Igences,  arc  very 
1  is  had  to  the 
their  use.    They 
suiting  from  ex- 
charges  have  left 
excitement  may 
sased  sensibility, 
ibilityfrom  long 
;  health  has  be- 
in  the  open  air, 
^hy  Uueorrhaa, 
latly  benefited  by 

>d  w'ih  organic 
id  with' very  gen- 
erate or  cute  such 

Red  Sweet  and 
}d  as  alluding  to 
se  of  the  waters, 
is,  doubtless,  the 
ure.  Merely  <u  a 
e  in  the  effects  of 
)f  the  Red  Sweet 
he  Sweet.  This, 
e  of  importance. 


SWEET  CHALYBEATE  SPKINGS.  ill 

and  not  to  be  overlooked  by  the  physician  or  the 

'"The  effects  experienced  after  comina  out  of  these 
baths,  provided  the  patient  has  not  indulged  himself  in 
them  tbo  long,  are  m  remarkable  as  they  ««  agreeable. 
-Key  differ  widely  from  the  effects  of  an  ordinarv  cold 
bath.  There  is  an  elasticity  and  buoyancy  of  body  and 
spWt  that  makes  one  feel  Hktl«*P'»8  *»>^°' ^**flSf 
itches  at  a  single  bound.    This  cannot  be  from  the 
.SS?tion  of  Jiy  of  the  materials  of  the  water  by  the 
Jutanious  vessels:    The  few  minutes  that  we  lemain  in 
the  water,  especially  the  very  short  time  after  thestric- 
ture  of  the  skin  from  the  first  plunge  has  passed  off. 
forbid  such  an  idea.    May  it  not  be  owing  to  a  stimu- 
lant impression  imparted  by  the  carbonic  ac^as  to 
the  nerVes  of  the  skin,  and  by  sympathy  extended 
rapidly  over  the  whole  body?  ^^  ,  .     ^         .  ^^  ... 
Wut  amile  from  the  Sweet  Chalybeate,  and  on  the 
same  esUte,  a  bold  spring,  decidedly  su^hMrms  tnch^ 
Mter,  issuei  from  under  aheavy  ledge  of  rocks.    If  the 
SSie^Tem  that  probably  find  a  way  into  this  suring 
were  carefully  excluded,  it  might  constitute  a  sulphur 
fountain  worthy  of  notice. 


J 


r 


CHAPTER   XIII. 


HOY  SFRINOS. 


Elfeelt  of  the  Wtten  Intermdly  wid  Ext«ii«My  «»•«>- ^iS^'V 
dSww»  to  whleh  th«y  an  •ppUc*ble-«pecuUtiooi  on  Tli«nii««- 

lation,  etc. 

The  Hot  Springs  are  in  the  county  of  Bath,  thirty- 
five  miles  northeast  from  the  White  Sulphur,  and 
twenty-one  west  from  Millborough  Depot.  Comfort- 
able bathing-houses  have  been  erected  for  the  accom- 
modation both  of  male  and  female  patients.  In  each 
of  these  houses  suitable  arrangements  are  made  for 
taking  the  sweat  oxphtngt  bath,  ii-may  be  desired }  or 
for  receiving  the  douche  when  it  may  be  required. 

The  several  baths  are  supi^ied  with  water  frwn  sepa- 
rate springs ;  they  range  in  temperature  from  loo  to 
io6*  of  heat.  The  effects  of  these  waters  in  disease 
prove  that  they  are  medicated,  though  they  are  con- 
.  sideied  by  many  as  simple  hot  water.  They  are  known 
to  contain  sulphate  and  carbonate  of  lime,  sulpMte  of 
soda  and  magnesia,  a  minute  portion  of  muriate  of  iron, 
carbonic  acid  gas,  nitrogen  gas,  and  a  trace  of  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen  gas;  and,  when  used  internally,  some 
of  the  consequences  are  such  as  we  might  expect  from 
our  knowledge  of  their  constituent  parts. 

These  waters,  taken  internally,  are  antacid,  mildly 
aperient,  and  freely  diuretic  and  diaphoretic.  But, 
wlten  used  as  a  general  bath,  their  effects  are  very  de- 
cided. They  equalize  an  unbalanced  circulation,  and 
thereby  restore  the  system  to  its  natural  sensibility, 
upon  the  existence  of  which  their  capacity  to  perform 
(it8) 


■'Ana*!. 


^ammmcm 


II  ■■ ■hum  iMMii  irtiwilr"^'^ 


\y  uied— Analjnb— 
UtkNU  OB  Th«niMll- 


of  Bath,  thirty- 
te  Sulphur,  and 
•epot.  Comfort- 
d  for  the  accom- 
itiente.  In  each 
ta  are  made  for 
ly  be  desired ;  or 
k  required, 
water  from  sepa* 
ure  from  ioo°  to 
iraters  in  disease 
gh  they  are  con- 

They  are  known 
lime,  sulphate  of 
)f  muriate  of  iron, 
a  trace  of  sulphu- 
1  internally,  some 
night  expect  from 
urts. 

>e  antacid,  mildly 
iiaphoretic.  But, 
ffects  are  very  de- 
d  circulation,  and 
lattural  sensibility, 
Lpacityto  perform 


* 

NOT  SPXINGS.  1 19 

their  several  functions,  and  the  beneficial  action  of  all 
remedies,  depend.  They  relax  contracted  tendons; 
excite  the  action  of  absorlKnt  vessels;  promote  glan- 
dular secretion;  exert  a  marked  influence  over  the 
biliuy  and  urinary  systems,  and  often  relieve,  in  a 
short  time,  the  pain  caused  by  palpable  and  long-stand- 
ing  disease  in  some  vital  organ. 

They  have  been  analyied  by  Professor  William  B. 
Rogers.  The  saline  ingredients  in  one  hundred  cubic 
inches  of  water  are — 

Cubomte  of  lime T-^S 

CarixHMte  of  mugnesia. •*"3»4 

Sulphate  of  lime »3»* 

Sulphate  of  magnetia. m *S3«> 

Sulphate  of  soda. ..^....».........  1303 

Chloride  of  sodium  and  magnesium,  with  a  trace  of  chlo- 
ride of  calcium *»^ 

Proto-carbonate  of  iron <»<>9o 

Silica •"■'HS 

i«.77« 

The  free  gas  consists  of  nitrogen,  oxygen,  and  car- 
bonic acid  gas.  It  also  contains  a  mere  trace  of  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen.  .     ,  .     . 

The  heat  of  the  human  body,  as  ascerUined  by  in- 
serting the  bulb  of  a  thennometer  under  the  tongue,  is 
about  06**,— aoroettmes  as  high  as  98° ;  and  these  degrees 
seem  to  be  the  same,  with  little  variation,  in  all  parts  of 
the  world,  neither  affected,  in  the  healthy  body,  by  the 
heat  of  the  torrid  nor  the  cokl  of  the  frigid  zones.  But 
this,  however,  relates  <mly  to  the  internal  temperature  of 
the  body;  the  heat  of  the  skin  is  very  variaUe,  and, 

generally,  considerably  below  the  denee  of  animal 
eat.  This  arises  from  the  great  cooling  process  of 
evaporation,  constantly  going  on  over  the  whole  sur- 
face ;  its  sensibility  to  all  external  impressions,  and  its 
exposure  to  the  atmosphere,  which  seldom  rises  so  high 
as  98**,  even  in  the  highest  heats  of  summer. 
From  a  view  of  these  causes,  we  will  earily  be  led  to 

IS 


•M«tl>rtiiitai««flll. 


130 


MINERAL    WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


perceive  why  a  bath  heated  to  98^  gives  a  strong  and 
decided  sense  of  warmth  to  the  skin ;  and  a  sensation 
of  slight  warmth,  rather  than  of  chilliness,  is  felt,  even 
several  degrees  below  this  point. 

Whenevef  a  bath  is  raised  above  th^  degree  of  animal 
heat,  it  then  becomes  a  direet  stimulus  to  the  whole 
system,  rapidly  accelerates  the  pulse,  increases  the  force 
of  the  circulation,  renders  the  skin  red  and  susceptible, 
and  the  vessels  full  and  turgid. 

The  temperature,  of  the  Hot  Spring  baths,  ranging 
from  100°  to  106°,  must  be  decidedly  stimulaHt,  and 
the  more  or  less  so  according  to  the  particular  bath 
emi^oyed.  It  is  prolmble  that  to  their  stimulant  power 
we  are  mainly  indebted  for  their  curative  virtue.  The 
soothing  and  tranquillizing  effects,  which  often  follow 
their  use,  are  the  result  of  their  sanative  influence  in 
bringing  the  organism  into  a  normal  condition. 

Hot  baths  are  potent  and  positive  agebts.  When 
Applied  to  the  human  body  they  are  never  nrgative  in 
their  influences,  but  will  do  either  ^ood  or  harm,  ac- 
cording to  the  judgment  and  skill  with  which  they  are 
employed. 

Their  stimulant  influences  forbid  their  use  in  all 
Kmte  diseases,  and  they  are  contra-indicated  in  such 
chronic  cases  as  are  attended  with  hi^h  vascular  ex- 
citement, or  exalted  nervous  susceptibility.  There  are, 
nevertheless,  a  large  number  of  ekrvme  diseases  in  which 
hot  bathing  constitutes  the  most  rational  and  the  chief 
reliance  of  the  invalid.  But  these  potent  agents  should 
never  be  prescribed  merely  fbr  the  mmt  of  a  disease, 
however  carefully  its  nomenclatnre  has  been  selected. 
The  precise  exisHng  sMe  ^tke  system^  whatever  may 
be  the  pathology  of  the  disease,  ought  always  to  be  care- 
ftdly  looked  to  before  a  course  of  hot  bathing  is  directed. 

These  baths  are  found  eminently  useful  jn  most  cases 
of  thr»me  rheumuHsm,  and  in  th^jMmous  forms  of  nut. 
In  IocbI  parafysiSf  occasioned  by  the  use  of  any  of  the 
fbineral  poisons,  or  in  metastasis  of  gout,  rheumatism, 


mmm 


mmmmm 


« 


.i&BiaiSfe^ 


VIRGINIA. 

gives  a  strong  and 
n;  and  a  sensation 
lliness,  is  felt,  even 

ti^  degree  of  animal 
nulus  to  the  whole 
;,  increases  the  force 
red  and  susceptible, 

ring  baths,  ranging 
ledly  stimulant,  and 
the  particular  bath 
leir  stimulant  power 
irative  virtue.  The 
,  which  often  follow 
sanative  influence  in 
lal  condition, 
live  agefats.  When 
ire  never  negative  in 
T  good  or  harm,  ac- 
,  with  which  they  are 

bid  their  use  in  all 
ra-indicated  in  such 
th  high  vascular  ex- 
!ptibilTty.  There  are, 
0«^  diseases  in  which 
ational  and  the  chief 
potent  agents  should 
le  ntmt  of  a  disease, 
re  has  been  selected. 
tystem^  whatever  may 
ightalwavstobecare- 
lot  bathing  is  directed, 
ly  useful  in  most  cases 
jwSousforins  of  I**', 
the  use  of  any  of  the 
of  gout,  rheumatism, 


HOT  SPXINGS. 


131 


diathesis ;  deafness,  connected  with  defective  or  vmatw 
Mcretioni  of  the  membrane  of  the  ear ;  old  f^atns,  or 
Sher^nM  injuries  of  the  joints,  are  often  much 

^ifi,t^TS^Sre'^oi;tratf^^^^^^ 
raneeSrtiey  are  used  with  happy  effects,  particu- 
Sy  tTL  dLhe,  when  applied  over  the  region  of 
the  liver  to  relieve  the  torpor  of  that  organ. 

So  much  has  been  written  on  the  medical  appli- 
caWitrof />£i.a/  waters,  that  I  have  not  though 
U  necosarv  here  to  do  more  than  to  lay  down  a  fiew 
«?e^SrSrinci5^es  to  guide  the  invalid  in  theu  use, 
£S  to  Xde  to  some  Jarticular  diseases.  ^oxtY^^ 
rfthich  these  springs  are  known  to  bf^J!"^^^- 

The  cause  of  the  high  temperature  of  thennal  sprmj 
has  long^been  a  matter  of  curious  »pec«!*tion.    Seme 
hSe^ttibuted  it  to  the  agency  of  electncity;  butth« 
miS  bTregarded  in  the  light  of  an  mgemous  speai- 
SSn;  rat^SVhan  the  result  of  observation  and  ft^ctt. 
£  fa  ven?  common  now  to  regard  various  phenomena 
M  Sie  Smlt  of  electrical  influences,  pn^ctpally^per- 
SIm  bSuse  we  know  the  agent  to  be  very  potent 
^fpe^grSut  p«tly  beaTuse  of  our  igno^nce  of 
SeiScraluSi  by  which  electricity  w  governed.  Rrt, 
S5£?eTthe  fictsmy  be,  there -eems  to  be  no  pnaof 
aTOTOximating  to  a  reasonable  probability,  *»"*  «1^- 
SS? "^""Vwy  «>n<=«™«'l  »  producmg  the.high 
*TSSrtSL^^'^d?rwhich  elicit,  tjelarjgt 

amount  of  credence  from  scientific  «« Vti?2nSa 
"the  heat  of  thermal  springs  is  owin|[  to  the  ontija 
hJS  of  the  globe,  and  tlit  it  increases  m  proporuon  to 


I 


IS* 


MINERAL    WAtEttS  0f  VIRGINIA. 


tlitf^  depth  from  which  they  proceed/'  The  philow- 
pher  Laplace  embraced  this  theory,  and  if  »,  I  behete, 
held  by  most  geologists.  It  is  orged,*  and,  to  some 
extent,  is  weU  maintained,  that  the  temperature  of  the 
earth  increases,  as  we  descend  into  it,  about  one  de- 
gree for  every  hundred  feet;  and  if  the  increasecon- 
tiBues  in  this  proportimi,  w«  should  arrive  Ht  boAHig 
water  at  the  depth  of  tesi  than  three  mites.  In  proof 
of  this  fact,  the  regular  increase  of  lemperglure,  as 
b9rhM\»itt  descended  Into  the  earth  in  the  artesntit 
well  >C  Paris,  tkJfW  eighteen  hundred  ffeef  deep,  and 
throwing  out,  by  a  subterranean  power,  an  immense 
volume  of  warm  water,  might  be  cited.  But  what  are 
we  t»  do  wkh  the  apparently  refttting  fec«  exhibited 
m  the  salt  wells  a<  Kanawha  in  West  Virginia?  Several 
Of  these  wdls  have  been  bored  to  the  depth  of  sixteen 
or  seventeen  hundred  feet,  and  without  any  appreciable 
tttcrease  of  temperature. 

Other  theorists. suppose  that  thermal  iqwings  owe 
fbeir  temperature  to  circumscribed  volcanoes,  and  that 
Mch  springs  are  a  sort  of  safety-valve  to  those  sobter- 
nmeoQs  coi^agrations.  It  »  well  known  that  an  cntlw 
q«.Le,  or  an  eruption  of  a  volcano,  has  often  produced 
a  change  in  the  temperature  of  thermal  springs  that 
were  even  at  some  distance  from  the  fAace  «rtiere  these 
phenomena  occurred. 

There  is  stifl  another  theory,  "that  wppows  that 
the  heat  of  these  springs  is  produced  by  certain  p»o- 
cesses  going  on  in  the  interior  of  the  «(rth,  and  that 
these  processes  are  attended  with  an  adMorpf ion  of  ewy- 
gew  and  a  consequent  extrication  of  caloric."  In  th* 
abience  of  any  positive  knowle^e  on  the  wftject,  this 
theory  would  seem  to  be  sastdned  by  as  much  frnM" 


«  See  Professor  Dirabeny't  OMr,  in  (be  sixtli  ll^Mtot  of  (he  Brttiih 
AHMcWrtioit  te  4le  Adnutecnetit  of  Soieno*. 


« 


3iiilHK> 


UNIA, 

The  philoso^ 
if  is,  I  beliete, 
■  and,  to  some 
perature  of  the 
about  one  de- 
!  increase  con- 
rive  »  boHing 
lites.  Id  proof 
etapentfore,  as 
in  the  ortewtM 
htt  deep,  and 
r,  an  immense 
But  what  are 

fiict  exhibited 
■ginia?  Several 
lipth  of  sixteen 
my  ai^recid!^ 

al  iqfwings  owe 
anoes,  and  that 
to  those  sabter- 
n  that  an  earth" 
oflen  pioduced 
tal  springs  that 
Bw:e  i^e»  these 

I  sui^Mwes  that 
by  certain  pfO- 
earth,  and  th«t 
florpfiottofoNy 
dotlc."  In  the 
llhe  Mfeject,  f hh 
as  much  fmbtt-' 


HOT  SPRINGS. 


133 


bility  as  any  of  the  others  that  have  been  alluded  to. 
But  this  is  a  subject  that  falls  strictly  within  the 
province  of  geology;  and  the  real  and  success  with 
which  that  science  is  being  prosecuted,  afford  reason- 
able  grounds  to  look  to  its  votaries  for  some  elucala- 
tion  of  this  curious  topic. 


la* 


Itqxut  of  (he  Brftiih 


M 


r 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

WARM  SP^NGS. 

Ai«l«l»-Tlme  and  Maimer  of  Using-Diiewei  for  which  Em- 
"     '  ployed,  etc. 

Thb  Warm  Springs  are  in  a  narrow  vale,  at  the 
western  base  of  the  Warm  Spring  Mountain,  m  the 
rSnt^orSith.  fifty  miles  west  of  Staunton,  and  five 
miles  northeast  from  the  Hot  Spnngs.     They  are 
among  the  oldest  of  our  watering-places,  having  been 
rcsortld  to  on  account  of  their  medicinal  virtues  for 
^re  Aan  ninety  years.    The  ?'??«'%''«  I«j!°»«* 
by  Governor  Fauquier  to  the  Lems  f'»»>ly' »«  ' ''^f:  „ 
Several  of  our  medicinal  fountains  claim  to  have  b«en 
known  and  appreciated  by  the  aborigines  of  the  country. 
K  iSSce  to  this  particular  one,  there  «« «Mny  tales 
'rJla7idb?'hIt  vener^  class,  the  'Ifestu^^^^  ^^ 
the  discovery  and  use  of  its  waters  by  the  Indums. 

It  fa  mSter  of  sober  history,  that  very  soon  a^r 
the  dicovery  of  the  Warm  Springs  by  cmliwd  man, 
Aey  SJ?^celebrated  for  their  curative  q«a»'V^  « 
SSSases,  as  well  a,  for  the  me^iux^^^ 
ing ;  and  that  they  were  frequented,  "«"»^h  labor  ana 
fatiiue,  by  invalids,  before  any  other  (save  the  Sweet 
Spmgi)  of  the  valuable  watering-places  m  Virginia 

''"5.efoJS;ing  is  the  result  of  «  analysis  of  a  sUnd- 
ard  gaUon  of  this  water  by  Mr.  Hayes,  of  Boston  .— 


Sulphate  of  potadu 

SH^hate  of  aminoma... 

(.134) 


1.371  paint. 
0.369      " 


■aiiiiillii|||iM<illiM»i 


!S  fo;  wUch  Em- 

w  vale,  at  the 
juntaiOi  in  the 
untoD,  and  five 
gs.     They  are 
es,  having  been 
:inal  virtues  for 
:y  was  patented 
lily,  in  1760. 
im  to  have  been 
s  of  the  country. 
re  are  many  tales 
st  inhabitants t  of 
he  Indians. 
;  very  soon  after 
y  civilized  man, 
live  qualities,  in 
C  luxury  of  bath- 
;  much  labor  and 
(save  the  Sweet 
ices  in  Virginia 

alysis  of  a  stand- 
8,  of  Boston  :— 


1.371  paint. 
0.369      " 


Mpl-i.e oCB-...-.^ ~... • -  '«^*^ 

Caibonate  of  Ume ''"'^ J^      ■• 

Crenate  of  iron ••••" 1  toa      *' 

Silkale  of  nmgnwi*  and  alomlna. '-J      .. 

CMbonicacid. • " ^^ 

3a.63a      " 

Thevittues  of  this  tr«l«r  «« P~V»*»»y .^^ISf  *°J? 
temperature,  fath«r  than  to  «iy  medicinal  «g«»  J^T 
SSSwithk    The  supply  of  wjK«i.v2^ab«id^ 

lestimated  at  six  tho-and  gallons  »  f^^J^^X 
genthmerishaOi,  H  i8»«c«ived  »?S  JXd«oS5*i* 
feet  in  diameter,  andnwy  *^'»^I°  ?*n„^  3 
feet.  After  it  has  been  used,  the  water  »<ir^OT 
a?d  the  b«th  fills  again  in  ifteen  of  t^J*  "^•• 

convement,  and  comfortable,  Ttojgf  Jy  SS?' 
and  fifty  feet  i«  «*»«?f"L!f^S£w  IJmand 
two  dr4ing.»o«ws,  irith  P"^«i^,7J2Se^ 
cold  water,  and  is  the  Urg^t  "^  mortcojjjeje  «- 
ttWiihment  of  the  kind  to  be  found  •^Twfcwem  our 
"^Z^  Adjmnmgth.|jn1rter^^ 
be«n  constmcted  for  a  «<>»*>*^"^';'*S5  f!o» 
tifolly  supplied  with  connwrn  sprmg  '^'' f P~*?5 
the  icS^Bg  Wib,  of  a  temptrawft  of  from  60 

"*&«»««,«  pnunice  in  the  Hit  of  the  Wtrm^rig 

from  welve  ta  twenty  minul«  .««^ti«fc  ^^ 
LiaM  MMci^v  i^tB  the  bath  is  used  «w  oiianeous 

The  best  timet  for  ^'•'Wngaj^ijAe  «»«Jy  be^ 
fore  dinner.    Where  pwapwti^w  Ui  »«!««*»<•»•  *» 


X*:- 


I 


136 


MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


should  be  taken  in  the  evening,  the  patient  retinng 
to  bed  immediately  after. 

The  diseases  for  which  these  baths  have  been  profit- 
ably employed  are  numerous;  amcng  them  are  atonic 
gout,  chronic  rheumatism,  indolent  swellings  of  the 
toints  or  lymphatic  glands,  paralysis,  obstructions  of 
the  liver  and  spleen,  old  syphilitic  and  syphiloid  dis- 
eases, chronic  cutaneous  diseases,  nephritic  and  calcu- 
lous disorders,  amenorrhoea  and  dysmenorroea.  Occa- 
sionally, chronic  diarrhaa  is  relieved.  The  same  may 
be  said  of  neuralgia:  but,  most  generally,  we  find 
baths  of  somewhat  lower  temperature  more  beneficial 
in  this  disease.  In  connection  with  the  internal  use  of 
the  alum  waters,  these  baths  will  be  found  very  service- 
able in  the  various  and  distressing  forms  of  scrofula. 
In  painful  affections  of  the  limbs,  following  a  mercu- 
rial course,  they  are  efficacious,  and  the  more  so  if  em- 
ployed in  collection  with  the  internal  use  of  the  sul- 
phur waters. 

Some  precautions  should  be  observed  in  entering 
upon  the  use  of  these  baths,  even  by  those  to  hose 
diseases  they  may  be  well  adapted.  The  bowels  should 
be  open,  or  in  a  solvent  condition ;  the  state  of  the 
tongue  should  indicate  a  good  condition  of  the  stom- 
ach; the  patient  should  be  free  from  febrile  excitement, 
and  from  the  weariness  and  exhaustion  generally  the 
result  of  traveling  in  the  public  convMrances  in  hot 
weather.  Many  commit  an  error,  and  occasionally 
make  themselves  quite  ill,  by  imprudently  plunging 
into  the  bath  immediately  after  arriving  at  the  spring!^ 
and  before  they  have  in  any  degree  become  relieved 
'  fr(Hn  the  fatigue  and  excitement  of  the  travel  necessary 
to  reach  Aem.  From  such  an  imprudent  course,  the 
bitber  his  little  rational  grounds  to  hope  for  benefit,^ 
and  is  fortunate  if  he  escape  without  injury. 

Timely  and  properly  used,  these  baths  are  entirely 
safe ;  and  for  the  btxury  of  baOui^  are  equal,  or  supe- 
rior, to  any  elsewhere  to  be  found. 


GINIA. 

patient  retiring 

ave  been  profit- 
hem  are  atonic 
sellings  of  the 
obstructions  of 
1  syphiloid  dis- 
ritic  and  calcu- 
norroea.  Occa- 
The  same  may 
lerally,  we  find 
more  beneficial 
s  internal  use  of 
nd  very  service- 
rms  of  scrofula, 
owing  a  mercu- 
e  more  so  if  em- 
d  use  of  the  suU 

ved  in  entering 
those  to  hose 
le  bowels  should 
the  state  of  the 
ion  of  the  stom- 
>rile  excitement, 
>n  generally  the 
veyances  in  hot 
nd  occasionally 
dently  plunging 
ig  at  the  springs, 
become  relieved 
!  travel  necessary 
ident  course,  the 
biope  for  benefit,, 
njury. 

Aths  are  entirely 
■e  equal,  orsupe- 


■■■*=a 


CHAPTER  XY. 

HKAUNO  SPIUNOS. 

LocatioB^AMtoet-Thenmeutlc  Actk»-IMMM«  fw  which  they 
may  be  Prescribed,  etc.  ^ 

This  medicinal  fountain  is  in  Bath  Coomy,  Vltghriar 
and  is  one  of  the  thermed  springs  that  give  name  to  that 
counir,  mA  for  which  fbe  cftain  of  vaHeys,  tliat  Jw  at 
t»e  western  base  of  the  Warm  Spring  Motwtam,  is jw 
remarkable.  The  most  southern  of  the  grotip  is  the 
FatKng  Sfrtng  VaOty,  whTch  emibosoms  the  water  0M*r 

The  Healing  Springs  comprise  Aree  "ep^e^?^  Jg^ 
Twtt  of  these  are  quite  near  each  other,  and  !»e  t*»»a 
af  a  distance  of  perhaps  two  *«n*e£y«*i»  f»J  **^ 
ravine.  These  spring*  are  beamtfiiBy  bright  and  <» 
talKne;  and  the  ever-b«fsting  bubbfcs  <>« J«»"j** 
escape  with  the  water  and  fioat  in  myriad*  of  vesKiet 
upon  its  sBTfiKe,  impart  to  K  a  peeuHar  sparkling  ap» 

pearance.  ^-  •^  m^    .^_.    m^m 

Their  temperature  is  uniformly  W"  Faltf.,  nor  are 

ther  suMect  to  any  vwiatlon  of  quaotitv  or  <i^wg- 
The  following  h  IVoC  Aiken's  analysis  of  what » 

termed  the  New  Spring  :— 

NewSiwIilt,  »e«.  f»«r.  Ma>30._  tWHWirtMW W  *»  FefcmlWlT. 
Water  MWya^tatest-MTW-    Oim  i*o»  eontria*- 

CM*oo^«>ftime....... ""'"JZ'SZl  *!!5fi**^ 

CeibMiatetrfinm. -"^      ',. 

Siih>hateofUine.„ .„...~«»....~    i."^      „ 

subtle  Af  ancoMfak..... » 7-39« 

(«37) 


jjg         MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

SutptateoTpotMM. 'fS?*^ 

Su^teofiron *  „ 

Sulphate  ofMnmonla. "»*      „ 

Cailoride  of  poUMium "5|      .. 

Chlorkte  of  aodium. ^-J^      ,. 

OiiMilc«cld.prota*lrc«»te ^-^^      .. 

SulphnNtted  hyorofen 

P^'~  I  ft  tnwe  of  Mch. 

UMBiM      i  ^_____ 

38.ooaio  " 

The  babUM  of  m»  that  itae  conuto  in  too  p«rt«  nitrofen  gu 
97.as.  caiboAie  add  gat  *.7$- 

The  contents  of  the  Old  Spring  are  *^^^y^ 
Mine,  being  somewhat  less  abundant  in  solid  nM^^ 

A  speciw  of  aigm  springs  up  luxuriantly  in  th«c 
waters:    It  is  of  a  dark«reen  color,  and  exceedingly 
delicate  and  beautiful  in  structure.    The  water,  when 
drunk,  acts  in  three  principal  ways  upon  the  *^*^ 
wit:  upon  the  kidneys,  the  AmwA,  and  the  sktn:  and 
Se  retative  affinity  for  each  particular  organ  is  cor- 
rectlv  indicated  by  the  order  of  their  enumemtion. 
TheViSctSn  to  eShcr  is  inBuenced  somewhat  by  the 
condition  of  the  system  and  by  the  manner  of  «u«ng  the 
water.    But  while  it  is  capable  of  being  directed  to 
either  organ  specifically,  it  may  be  so  employed  as  to 
S«rt  alSeiJTand  njt  less  salutary  effect  over  the 
whole  at  once.    Its  simuluneous  action  upon  three 
g^femunctories  of  the  body,  with  its  capacity  to  be 
directed  specifically  to  either,  constitutes  this  water  a 
Sfc  and  iStle,  bit  at  the  same  time  a  certain  and 
efllcient,  depurating  agent  of  the  huma»  body. 

Bathiig,  both  gen^  and  topical,  is  a  vaJoable  and 
important  mode  of  employing  the  water,  and  rfiould 
SSfbeVilected  when  deiianled  by  the  circumstances 

**^Th?^<^*thtf  Healing  Springs,  so  fer  as  it  is  capa- 


'^aa^ia^ii^«gS^!»«Si®8*'iWi«fe«^^^'*-^ 


13^    J&  i*>    >    ^i.-J&i^*      la«i«. 


m 


QINIA. 


9.530  fnins. 

.100  " 

.934  " 

"53  " 

.•88 

i.8ao  '* 

.87«  " 

a.a86  " 

XOOIO   " 


;  essentially  the 
n  solid  material, 
iriantly  in  these 
and  exceedingly 
rhe  water,  when 
)n  the  system,  to 
d  the  sJan;  and 
ar  organ  is  cor- 
sir  enumeration, 
somewhat  by  the 
nner  of  using  the 
eing  directed  to 
}  employed  as  to 
^  effect  over  the 
:tion  upon  three 
its  capacity  to  be 
tutes  this  water  a 
ne  a  certain  and 
oanbody. 
is  a  valuable  and 
rater,  and  should 
die  circumstances 

10  &r  as  it  is  capa- 


HEAUNC  SPRINGS. 
ble  of  classification,  may  be  regarded,  in  itt  gcnm^ 

and  corrugated.  waters  have  acquired 

In  subacute  rkeumahm  meac  ^liitn  n»yv      h 

«^unSXm  in«.  "^ .^SZ/S.'^'Se'^Sh 
appropriate  adjuvants  should  be  employed. 


•4» 


MINERAL   WATERS  OF  ViRGINlA. 


la  mtmralgjia,  a  congener  of  the  diteise  just  con- 
iiidered,  tke  water  ii  frequently  found  to  be  remedial, 
and,  from  its  alleviation  of  the  thrilling,  piercing  pain 
attrodant  upon  this  affection,  one  of  the  springs  re- 
ceived long  since  the  homely  but  expressive  title  of 
«  Toothache  ^ring."  It  is  to  those  cases,  dependent 
opoD  general  derangement  of  die  system,  lesuUing  from 
a  resideaoc  in  unhealthy  districts  of  country^  or  those 
that  have  their  origin  in  nervous  irritability,  or  q)ring 
from  a  gouty  or  rheumatic  diathesis,  that  the  water  is 

adapted* 

Dyspepsia,  that  inveterate  scourge  of  the  sedentary 
and  thoug^itftd,  not  unfrequently  finds  an  antidote  in 
these  waters.  .     „    ,.      «    . 

For  ckrmie  tkmsh  or  <^A«,  the  Healing  Springs 
have  been  employed  with  success. 

I  have  occasionally  sent  patients,  suffering  under 
ftrmu  ^tttums  <^  the  Umng  coat  ef  the  boweU,  to  thU 
water  with  good  effect-  ,    .       .         ,1. 

Leiuarrluea,  and  other  kindred  disorders  of  the 
feoule,  when  independent  of  malignant  action,  or 
actual  displacement  of  organs,  will  often  yield  to  the 
free  internal  and  external  use  of  the  waters. 

Some  of  the  diseases  of  the  urinary  organs  are  favor- 
ably controlled  by  these  waters ;  among  which  may  be 
enumerated  ehrwik  irritaiUm,  with  mucous  discharge 
from  the  bladder.  I  have  had  occasion  to  be  pleased 
with  their  effects  in  several  such  cases. 


'GINIA. 

iaease  just  con- 
to  be  remedial, 
g,  piercing  pain 
the  sprii^  re- 
pressive title  of 
:aaes',  dependent 
D,  resulting  from 
ountry^  or  those 
bility,  or  spring 
that  the  water  is 

of  the  sedentary 
\  an  antidote  in 

Healing  Springs 

suffering  under 
\e  bowtU,  to  this 

lisorders  of  the 
;nant  action,  or 
»ften  yield  to  the 
raters. 

organs  are  favor- 
ng  which  may  be 
lucous  dischvges 
ion  to  be  pleased 


CHAPTER  XVI 


ROCKBRIDGE  ALUM  SPRINGS. 

th.  county  of  Rockbnd«e,oon<«  to™        p^  ^^ 

"%sr^'>^^}  '-5,  T^TJ^^. 

-"'"  '•Ti.S«S,"o".'S^r«S o,U«, ...l 
■tone.    There  are  nveoiwCTc  -nd  also  d  ffering 

""F-i^'.'lJilon  of  .h.  w.»r  he  produced  th.  follow- 
ing  results :— 


!■•••••••«•******** 


,••••••••••••••' 


SolphAie  of  potash 

gi^^hatcof  um€ ■ 

Sulplnte  of  magnet.* 

PmtiMddc  of  iron. ...•••••■■ ,.^_ 

g£?rf"ii;;;;nto •- 

QdorMe  of  MMUnm.. 

SOMc  viA •" 

Free  •ulpharie  add.. 
Cartianic  acid 




• 

'*' 


Poie  water. 


S6M7 
,583iS>3X9 


13 


*4» 


MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


Alum  waters  are  of  lomewhat  recent  introduction  as 
remedial  agents,  and  close  practical  observation  is  yet 
a  desideratum  as  to  their  peculiar  therapeutical  ogency 
and  most  appropriate  medicinal  applicability.  These 
waters  certainly  possess  unequivocal  curative  powers, 
and,  although  their  reputation  is  now  high,  they  are 
destined  to  advance  still  fiirther  in  public  confidence. 
Experience  has  fully  shown  that  they  are  very  effica- 
ciously used  in  many  diseases  of  the  skin  and  the  gland- 
ular system,  and  that  in  sereftUmu  affections  they  offer 
new  hopes  to  the  afflicted. 

But  the  name  .^tf/Mw,  applied  to  these  springs,  while  it 
is  intended  to  conform  to  the  general  spring  nomen- 
clature of  calling  springs  after  some  one  of  their  leading 
in^edients,  is,  mediciuly  considered,  a  misnomer,  and 
conveys  the  erroneous  idea  that  their  virtues  are  owing 
to  the  alum  they  hold  in  solution. 

Chemically  considered,  they  are  an  abtmimms  sul- 
pkaitd  (hafyieate,  containing,  as  will  be  seen  from  their 
analysis,  many  of  the  best  materials  that  are  found 
in  the  most  valued  mineral  waters  of  Europe  or  this 
country.  The  protoxides  of  iron,  sodium,  potash,  lime, 
magnesia,  and  ammonia,  together  with  sulphuric,  car- 
bonic, crenic,  chloric,  and  silicic  acids,  exist  in  the 
water  in  common  with  alum.  Some  of  these  ingre- 
dients are  found  in  the  most  distinguished  of  the 
English  and  German  waters,  particularly  in  those  of 
Tunbridge,  Harn^te,  Leamington,  and  Aix-la-Cha- 

elle,  as  well  as  in  the  waters  of  the  famous  Spa,  m 
ilgium;  in  those  of  Passy,  and  in  the  celebrated 
springB  of  Bagnires,  in  Garonne ;  all  of  which  have 
acquired  a  world-wide  celebritv  for  the  cure  of  many 
disesaes  for  which  the  Rockbridge  Alum  has  been  suc- 
cessfully Inscribed. 

The  fact  should  always  be  borne  in  mind  by  those 
who  are  investigating  mineral  waters,  that  it  is  rather 
to  the  eemfMHd,  than  to  any  single  in||redient  of  a 
mineral  water,  that  we  are  to  look  for  its  medicinal 


iGM/A. 

introdaction  u 
•ervatioa  ii  yet 
ipeutical  agency 
ibility.  Theie 
imrive  powen, 
high,  they  are 
blic  confidence. 
'  are  very  eflka- 
n  and  the  gland- 
ctiont  they  offer 

■pringt,  while  it 
I  spring  nomen- 
:  of  their  leading 
a  misnomer,  and 
irirtuet  are  owing 

a  aAmitums  tml- 
e  seen  from  their 
I  that  are  found 
f  Europe  or  thii 
iim,  potash,  lime, 
h  sulphuric,  car- 
ids,  exist  in  the 
'■  of  these  ingre- 
iguished  of  the 
arly  in  those  of 
and  Aiz-la-Cha- 
fiunous  Spa,  in 
the  celebrated 
1  of  which  have 
le  cure  of  many 
tm  has  been  suc- 

I  mind  by  those 
that  it  is  rather 
in^ifdient  of  a 
>r  Its  medicinal 


ROCKBRIDOR  ALUM  SPRINGS. 


143 


efficiency  and  the  scope  of  its  applicability.  That 
alum  is  an  important  ingredient  in  the  compound  of 
this  water  I  do  not  mean  to  question,  but  that  it  is  so 
transcendentl^  important  as  to  ^ive  name  to  the  spring 
is  very  questionable.  It  is  said  that  a  rose  by  an^ 
other  name  will  smell  as  sweet,  and  so  will  this  abmt- 
Homs  tulphated  thafyhtatt  be  Just  as  efficacious  under  the 
appellation  of  Alum.  But  the  real  objection  to  the 
misnomer  lies  behind  this,  and  exists  in  the  fact  that 
it  is  calctdated  to  mislead  the  uninitiated,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  analjTsis  or  careful  inquiry.  Indeed,  I  have 
reason  to  know  that  persons  have  not  unfrequently 
been  disinclined  to  visit  the  Alum,  influenced  by  the 
name  alone,  and  under  the  impression  that  the  water, 
as  its  name  imports,  would  act  as  an  astringent,  and 
therefore  be  hurtful  to  them. 

But  whether  the  name  be,  or  be  not,  the  best  that 
could  have  been  adopted,  it  is  now  a  fixture,  established 
by  many  years'  usage,  and  is  not  likely  to  be  chunged ; 
and  my  only  object  in  calling  attention  to  the  subiect 
is  to  enter  a  caution  against  persons  being  miska  as 
to  the  character  of  the  water  from  the  mere  name  of 
the  spring. 

The  immediate  effects  of  these  waters,  under  their 
full  and  kindly  influences  upon  the  system,  are  those  of 
a  febrifuge  tonic;  resembling  the  action  of  some  of  our 
best  vegetable  medicines  of  that  class;  but  superior  to 
them,  from  their  specific  tendency  to  the  bowels  and 
kidneys. 

By  their  diflusible  astringent  and  tonic  powers  they 
resolve  the  congestions  of  engorged  viscera  and  re- 
move subacute  inflammations ;  thus  releasing  and  giving 
activity  to  the  fluids,  they  fill  up  the  superficial  capil- 
laries and  veins,  and  give  a  full,  slow  pulse,  with  a 
warm  suriace,  and  soft  skin. 

They  purge  mildly,  perhaps,  two-thirds  of  the  per- 
sons thiu  use  them' freely.  Their  action  upon  the 
kuhuyt  is  generally  prompt,  sure,  and  sometimes  active. 


wmmmmssat 


.11  .U  JMIIIJULIJJ!  ill  ■ 


144 


MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


Their  action  upon  the  skin  is  secondary,  and  is  the 
result  of  their  sanative  action  upon  the  blood-vessels 
and  internal  organs,  by  resolving  inflammation  and 
congestions, — and  hence  is  always  to  be  regarded  as  a 
favorable  indication  in  the  case. 

Experience  has  shown  that  these  waters  are  effi- 
caciously {N'escribed  in  many  diseases  of  the  skin  and 
glanduUur  system;  b^us  and  other  malignant  ulcera- 
tions  of  the  mouth  and'  throat  have  bwn  cured  by 
them. 

In  various  chronic  afiections  of  the  digestive  organs 
they  are  advantageously  used. 

They  are  valuable  in  mesenteric  afiections,  particu- 
larly in  persons,  old  or  young,  of  scorbutic  tendencies. 

In  ehtvnie  diarrheta  they  display  speedy  and  happy 
eflects. 

Being  prompt  and  active  as  a  diuretic,  when  judi- 
ciously used,  they  are  found  beneficial  in  chrome  irriUt- 
HtnSf  and  dehiUty  of  the  kidney,  bladder,  and  urethra. 

To  several  of  the  afiections  commonly  known  as 
femaU  diseases  they  are  happily  adapted.  In  leueor- 
rktea,  as  would  readily  be  inferred  from  their  com- 
position, they  are  an  admirable  remedy ;  often  curing 
that  disease,  although  it  has  been  a  complaint  of  long 
standing.  In  Menorrhagia,  unattended  with  plethora 
of  the  blood-vessels,  and  with  the  system  in  a  condition 
to  bear  tonics,  they  may  be  prescribed  with  confidence. 
'  In  amenorrAeea  and  dysmenorrkeea,  where  a  phlogosed 
state  of  the  system  does  not  contra-indicate  the  use  of 
mineral  tonics,  they  may  be  used  to  eminent  advantage. 
In  the  chlorotic  condition  of  the  female  svstem  gen- 
erally, and  especially  when  the  tendency  is  great  to 
paucity  or  poverty  ef  blood,  the  waters  #iU  be  used  to 
much  advantage. 

In  anamic  conditions  generally,  and  in  cases  of 
debility  and  loss  of  tone  in  the  nervous  system,  they 
may  be  administered  with  confidence. 

JSronekitis,  when  in  connection  with  a  strumous 


'^£#HiiS^itS«itfteM*>:,^«iasi^iii^ia«^«ii^ 


[ondary,  and  it  the 

the  blood-vesKb 

inflammation  and 

I  to  be  regarded  as  a 

waters  are  effi- 
of  the  sHn  uul 
malignant  ulcera- 
ave  \xKa.  cured  by 

he  digestive  organs 

aflections,  particu- 
corbutic  tendencies, 
y  speedy  and  happy 

diuretic,  when  judi- 
cal in  chronit  irritu- 
dder,  and  uretitra. 
ommonly  known  as 
idapted.  In  Uucot' 
ed  from  their  com- 
imedy;  often  curing 
a  complaint  of  long 
:nded  with  plethora 
tystem^  in  a  condition 
t)ed  with  confidence. 
,  where  a  phlogosed 
a-indicate  the  use  of 
)  eminent  advantage, 
female  s^tem.  gen- 
mdency  is  great  to 
ters  #ill  be  used  to 

y,  and  in  cases  of 

lervous  system,  they 

ice. 

D  with  a  strumous 


ROCKBRIDGE  ALUM  SPRINGS. 


diathesis,  may  be  treated  by  these  waters  to  advan- 
tage ;  in  such  cases  they  will  be  found  to  be  one  of 
our  best  remedies. 

In  gastraigia,  or  nervous  dyspepsia,  they  often  act 
kindly  and  effectively,  by  changing  the  action  of  the 
mucous  membrane  and  relieving  it  of  its  subacute 
irritation. 

They  actively  promote  the  appetite  and  invigorate 
the  digestive  powers. 

But  it  is  especially  in  scrofula  that  these  waters 
have  won  their  highest  honors  and  established  a  repu- 
tation among  the  best  mineral  waters  not  only  of  this 
country  but  of  the  world.  Their  happy  combination 
of  tonic,  alterative,  diuretic,  and  aperient  qualities 
renders  them  an  efficient  remedy  in  many  of  the  ills 
of  humanity;  but  especially  in  the  various  forms  of 
strumous  disease,  and  even  their  worst  forms,  the^ 
merit  confidence  and  deserve  praise.  In  this  formi- 
dable class  of  affections,  whether  exhibited  in  the 
hardened  and  enlarged  glands,  and  in  ulcerations  in 
children,  in  ophthalmic  inflammations,  in  mesenteric 
indurations,  or  in  its  more  intense  and  pervading  devel- 
opment of  adult  life,  they  have  been  extensively  used, 
and  generally  with  benefit  to  the  sufferers. 

But  let  me  not  be  misunderstood  as  intending  to 
convey  the  impression  that  they  will  cure  every  case 
of  this  disease,  whatever  may  be  its  seat,  character, 
or  combination ;  both  my  judgment  and  experience 
fall  short  of  this  conclmon;  but  they  both  concur 
in  regarding  the  remedy  4s  among  the  best,  if  not 
the  very  best,  now  known  for  scrofidia. 

The  Rockbridge  Alum,  as  therapeutic  water,  is  not 
a  negative  agent :  its  e&cts  upon  the  system  are  posi- 
tive, direct,  and  palpable.  It  is,  in  a  high  sense  of 
the  term,  a  mtdicinal  water,  capable,  when  properly 
directed  and  applied,  of  doing  ^nax  good  in  a  wide 
circle  of  cases,  or,  when  injudiciously  used,  of  disap- 
pointing hopes  and  producing  injury.     It  does  not 

13* 


-'if 


i  ffii 


:<    ^"^ 


!!  I 


s 


i 


PKBMl  T   ■,-j»3aM.»iJrMt»MgjJ!iBrg'.' 


/ 


,^        MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

beioDR  to  that  anomalous  class  of  agents  of  which  it  is 
often  sadd  "they  will  do  no  harm  if  they  do  no  good. 
£  Sing  the'potent  character  of  these  wate'^^'jj 
importance  that  cases  which  are  to  be  wbmitted  to 
heir  use  should  be  carefully  discrimmated,  and  that 
Se  wis  should  be  employed  under  the  f  .rect.on  of 
judgment  and  experience,  must  be  apparent  to  all. 
JORDON  ROCKBRIDGE  ALUM  SPRINGS. 
ThU  is  the  name  given  to  a  new -i/im  ^\^l 
opened  in  the  immediate  vicmity  of  the  old  Rock- 
bridge Alum,  and  flowing  from  the  f-c^tnita  of  slate 
formation  that  supply  the  water  of  t^elattcr  spring. 

The  analysis  of  this  water  by  Professor  WiUiam  Gil- 
ham  shows  that  one  gallon  of  it  conUins— 

^,  „,  9.900  grains. 

Of  iBlca .^*  .. 

Of  tulphate  of  alumiiw. »  ng  .. 

Of  sulphrt*  of  magnMU^ 2*8o8  " 

Of  sttlpiiate  of  lime............. |'^  .. 

Of  ralplwte  of  protoxide  of  iron '-^  .. 

Of  snlpiwte  of  potash .g';  ., 

OigM^ 'nuUter,  not  detenniiied. 

iv>  A  valuable  water  of  its  class. 
:     Tli«KJatUched  to  thU  property  another  .Dnng, 

kniwTa.  JcdiniAhm  Water,  which  Poj««,f '^J 
medicinal  powers,  and  some  ^"^  «»."^"^  ^, 
water  of  thk  spring  is  not  only  adapted  to  the  treat- 
SeSofthevarious  diseases  forwhich  other  alum  waters 
«  iS^rb^also.  from  its  highly  •itenUive  compo- 
SSoSrS  be  a  reliable  remedy  In  cases  wheiem  those 
waters  would  be  uncertain  or  inefficient. 


UNIA. 

I  of  which  it  is 
rdonogood." 
ese  waters,  the 
>  submitted  to 
lAted,  and  that 
lie  direction  of 
rent  to  all. 

IPRINGS. 
htm  spnng  just 
the  old  Rock- 
estrau  of  slate 
atter  spring, 
or  William  Gil- 


a.9ao  grains. 

SM9  " 

4-666  " 

3.808  " 

......  8.39»  " 

......  0.658  " 

......  8.858  " 

eter- 


very  similar  to 
;  neighborhood, 
;o  be  essentially 
esides  this  alum, 

but  promises  to 

y  another  spring, 
toaiesBes  valuable 
r  tb  itself.  The 
ted  to  the  treat- 
>ther  alum  waters 
Iterative  compo- 
es  wherein  those 
nt 


"^'--isi3*«.- 


« 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

BATH    ALUM    8PRIM08. 
An-^D.—  ^  S«««r  *e  S^-  ^  which  «.ey».,b. 

The  Bath  Alum  Springs  are  situated  near  the  east- 
e  JbLf  if  the  Warm  Spring  Mountain^  on  the  mrin 
JSie^  leading  from  Staunton  to  tj' Wjujn  Spmgs. 
fcSty-^miles  w«t  of  the  former  and  five  miles  east  of 

^mvIlfirS  which  they  arise  is  an  extensive  cove, 
ir^auliw  endrded  by  mountains,  with  an  uiii)roduc- 
ti^Wy  Sf.^<i  affords  indication,  of  mdubnty  «id 

^irufin^within  the  last  ^"ty-five  Tear,  thjt  th«e 
sorinBi  began  to  attract  pubUc  attention  as  ^jomtud 
^un  S  it  i.  not  more  than  twenty  y««  «5«=«** 
SSnd.  near  the  springs,  now  »  ^^^^JJ^  *^ 
Suv  Improved,  were  a  wild  and  primitive  forest.  T^ 
Sij«?r»  owned  by  Joseph  B«t«;Ejq-.  ^^  «»^ 
f^u  Mtumal  attention  to  its  mani^eroent.  - 

^XlSSrSSSenU  here^«re  •"tatantud  «^  con- 
venient. aSoiding  comfortoble  wxommodation.  for  a 

"^TKters  is^ie  from  a  -^-^o- ^iff  ^jjWe 
or  fifteen  ktt  high,  and  are  ^'"^^S^X 
vlntB,  that  have  Been  excavated  nejr  ^»^^^^ 
rock.     These  different  n»nn«!^<>'  "J^^J'^^^ 
■omewhat  from  each  other.    One  of  them  »  a  v 

SSSJ  dhlybeate,  with  but  «"»«. •»"»;  «^£^ 
miM5dial/beate,withmorealumina;  whiteU^ other. 


j'jirtr 


,48        MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

are  alum  of  different  degrees  of  strength,  but  aU  con- 
tainins  an  appreciable  quantity  of  iron. 

Prof.  Hayes,  of  Boston,  the  same  gentleman  to  whom 
we  are  indebted  for  the  analysis  of  several  of  our  mm-  , 
era!  springs,  has  analyzed  the  waters  of  the  Bath  Alum, 
and  renders  the  following  results  from  his  chemical 

^"'luffiS'gaMon  (58-37»  gwi™)  ''"J^*  "?«|»"J 
of  water  of  the  spring  known  as  No.  s,  used  in  his  anal- 
ysU,  and  showed  the  following  results  :— 

Purew*ter..„ **'''^lS 

Ffiee  sulphuric  Mid "         ''.'g 

Carbonic  add ';!S 

Sulphate  of  potash j*2a 

Proioiide  of  tam -  J^^ 

Alumina .  IS 

Crenata  of  ammonia '' 

Silicate  of  soda ^   " 

S4.79» 

Put.  water S'3»7.«>« 

58379.000 

Mr  Hayes  states  that  when  much  reduced  in  volume 
by  evkporition,  the  exc«s  of  «cid  chars  the  oiganic 
acid  pment,  and  alters  the  composition  of  the  salts. 

« In  considering  the  composition  of  the^  waters,  tne 
protoxide  of  iron  is  assumed  to  be  united  to  the  sul- 
phuric acid.  The  change  produced  by  heating  is  re- 
Sirred  to  the  action  of  the  crenate  of  wnmonia,  andis 
.  the  same  as  ordinarily  where  crcnates,  free  fr<wn»Pf ' 
crenates,  are  naturally  contained  in  a  iroter.  WBen 
mixed  with  the  soluble  salts  of  silver,  «Jd  «P°^  *° 
light,  the  gray  color  is  entirely  distinct  from  that  pro* 
&  by  fither  apocrenates,  bumat«,  or  any  decom- 
JoSng  mtter.    When  the  metallic  silver  and  oxide  of 

iron,  resulting  from  the  fi"t«=t*«°' ««  «3°J!f,'n!^! 
mixture  by  evaporation  continues  to  afford  bnUlMt 


GINIA. 

:h,  but  all  con- 

letnan  to  whom 
ral  of  our  min- 
the  Bath  Alum, 
n  his  chemical 

ras  the  measure 
used  in  his  anal- 


S»3i7-«o* 

7-87« 

3.»46 

1*58 

..„ i.aSa 

aS39 
•1.77* 

ia.a93 

X.77* 

3-iSo 

S4.79» 
S83X7«>« 

58379.000 

duced  in  volume 
lais  the  oiganic 
m  of  the  salts, 
these  waters,  the 
nited  to  the  sul- 
by  heating  is  re- 
ammonia,  and  is 
s,  free  from  apo- 
a  water.    When 
,  aihd  exposed  to 
ct  from  that  pro«^ 
I,  or  any  decom- 
Iver  and  oxide  of 
are  removed,  the 
0  afford  brilliant 


BATH  ALUM  SPXINGS. 

scales  of  metaUic  silver,  until  reduced  to  a  small 

«•  The  gaseous  matter  in  these  waters  is  a  mixture  of 
carbonic  acid,  nitrogen,  and  a  small  proportion  of 
oxyeen,  and  the  measure  is  about  one  volume  of  the 
mixed  gases  to  forty  volumes  of  the  water.  The  car- 
bonic acid  is  given  by  weight,  so  that  a  uniform  expres- 
sion of  acid  relation  Is  adopted,  "d  no  misconception 
can  arise  if  the  reader  bears  in  mmd  the  fact  that  w- 
bonic  acid  has  more  than  twice  the  Mid  or  neutralising 
power  possessed  by  the  strongest  fluid  sulphuric  ac  d. 

Dr.  Strother,  an  intelligent  physician,  who  long 
resided  in  the  neighborhood,  thought  ve^^TSF*"^^ 
these  waters  in  scr(^taus,  eruphve,  f«^J;^f.y'^ 
Htms.  •  He  also  bears  testimony  to  their  good  effects  w  oU 
hefiatic  derangements,  ehrfinic  diarrheea,  ehyntf  thrusH, 
nirwus  debiUty,  and  in  various  utennt  duecae*,  »pe^ 
cially  in  the  worst  forms  of  paenorrhagia,  and  m  fiuor 
altus,  both  uterine  and  vaginal. 

In  tkUroHe  females,  and  in  a  broken-down  condition 
of  the  nervous  system,  often  in  malts  the  result  of 
youthful  improprieties,  as  well  as  .">»«,*€  system  » 
onimic,  but  free  from  obstinate  visceral  obstructions, 
this  water  promises  to  be  very  beneficial. 

Its  high  chalybeate  and  aluminous  unpregnation 
manifests  decided  tonic  and  astringent  powers,  and 
indicates  its  adaptation  to  a^  number  of  diseases,  such 
as  hemorrhages  of  the  passive  character,  the  VJ^^^ 
obstinate  cutaneous  and  ulcerative  diseases,  «>«  «»«J«^ 
conditions  of  the  system  generally,  that  are  unattended 
with  visceral  obstructions. 


CKAFTEB.  XVnl. 
ROCKBRIDGE  BATHS. 

'^"?°?**K./.batb  adapted  to  nervous  diseases,  g«»end 

As  a  /iwiw  Mtn.  T"*1„  *K»„-ive  classof  cases  found 
debmty..ndtot^t^rete.»ived« 

***  **.  n  ^^SeW^SerJive  mineral  waters,- 

„J^  oSAen  D«P«.  br  •««"""""«  "^  "" 
graded  ro«ds. 

COLD  SULPHUR  SPRING. 

ThS.  i.  a  verv  pleasant  sulphur  spring*  about  seven 
This  IS  a  'f  7  P'^'S:  •!!»«  &it«m  and  two  nuleswest 

«^oanty  of  Rockbridge. 
(ISO) 


# 


ely  8pitaf»-S**- 


1  the  county  of 
«xington  to  the 
Md,  and  about 

aated  with  iron, 
gas.  There  are 
Icient  water  for 
■operty  i»  hand- 
id  capable  of  ac- 
ty  to  two  hundred 

diseases,  gener^ 

Bss  of  cases  found 

ic  bMbipg,— wd 
mineral  waters, — 

icaciottf ,  and  are 
e  class  <^  invalids, 
her  from  Lexing- 
tnning  over  well- 

NG. 

»ring»  about  aeven 

md  two  miles  west 

Railroad,  in  the 


VARIETY  SPRINGS.— STRIBLINCS  SPRINGS.     151 

The  water  of  this  spring  has  not  been  analyzed.  It 
is  distinctly  sulphurous  in  character,  however,  and  has 
acquired  a  considerable  amount  of  favor  as  a  medicinal 
agent.  The  spring  is  regarded  as  a  place  of  useful  and 
pleasant  resort  by  those  who  visit  it. 

The  general  medicinal  adaptations  of  the  water  are 
the  same  as  those  of  the  other  sulphurous  waters  of  the 
country,  which  have  been  fully  noticed  in  treating  of 
the  White  Sulphur  waters,  etc 

VARIETY  SPRINGS. 

This  name  has  been  given  to  a  series  of  fountains 
in  close  connection  with  each  other,  in  the  county  of 
Augusta,  seventeen  miles  west  from  the  city  of  Staun- 
ton, and  near  the  "  Pond  Gap"  Station,  on  the  Central 
Railroad. 

The  name  Variety,  applied- to  them,  seems  to  be  well 
chosen,  as  there  are  here  not  only  an  alum  and  a  cha- 
lybeate spring,  and  one  of  the  peculiar  characteristics 
of  the  Healing  Spring  in  the  county  of  Bath,  but  also 
several  others  differing  firom  all  these,  whose  precise 
chaiacter  has  not  been  well  defined. 

These  waters  have  been  too  short  a  time  in  use  to 
have  established  a  definite  record  of  their  medicinal 
virtues  or  adaptations ;  nor  have  any  of  them,  I  be- 
lieve, been  analyzed ;  their  fiivoraUe  location,  how- 
ever, and  the  variety  and  promising  character  of  their 
waters,  bid  fair  to  bring  them  prominently  into  public 
notice,  and  ultimately  to  induce  the  erection  of  sdch 
improvements  as  a'  growing  patronage  will  demand. 

STRIBUNG'S  SPRINGS. 

These  springs  are  in  the  county  of  Augusta,  thirteen 
miles  north  of  Staunton,  from  which  they  may  be  con- 
veniently reached  by  stage-coaches. 

For  many  years  this  place  was  vatued  mainly  on  ac- 


^^        MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA, 

count  of  it.  .ip^r  ^tJ^^l^^^S'^^^^'^^ 
thelMt  fcV«^"*L''tTp?u7To«ntal.  anS  the  place 
been  opene^  ';£\J'«  »X" U  of  Sulphur,  Alum,  and 
»^nVtrSS<;TthevUitant. 

The  Sux^HU.  S...HO  ha.  been  l^^g^^^^^^^^^ 
and  valuable  '^t^/ fjif  ^Sew  Se^^enerally  employed. 


SSphucetwi  hydrogen  gafc 

fitalpiutc  of  po«M»- 

Sulphate  oCioda. 

Chloride  of  •pdJum 

Caiboiwie  of  jod*..- 


|.B5octtblcto.3.«99f«)f»- 

•.;:;•.:.  atta  •• 

0.610  " 

Caiboiwle Of  »od»- SSJ7      „ 

rmibonete  of  Ume 3.164      „ 

phoei>«»»»»'^« r.vr.. ••!S  - 

8Uio«te  of  tod*- i.a«9 

Ofguks  nutter -—--      .. 

Ldgdlon  Of  the  water:- 

sSSSSoCpo«m»- «.«77 

S^::r=::==  -  ;^ 
ffiaSS^^rrr::...........--"" 


SS-«S9 


Ac<»,«i~«f  ««--"-"'* "-""'^*°"' 


GISIA. 

len,  but  within 
ch  promise  has 
,  and  the  place 
hHwr,  AhiM,  and 
t. 

known  as  a  safe 
18  for  the  varioM 
erally  employed. 
College,  has  ana- 
foUowing  resultt 


ibk  to.  3.«99  P^ 

••         OAI9 

oiUi  :: 

o.8ia 

....  0.610      " 

".; i.«>3    " 

:;;.■:;:;.:  iiS  I 

o.aoa 

Z- o.a53      : 

I.8a9 

J  analyied  by  Pro- 
results  from  a  stand- 


STKJBUNCS  SPRINGS. 


>53 


5S-«S9 


bridge  Alum  shows  a  striking  similarity,  not  only  m 
the  character  of  the  ingrediento  contained  in  the  two 
waters,  but  also  in  the  relative  proportion  of  such 
ingredients. 

While  this  water  holds  in  solution  a  larger  amount  of 
su^hat*  of  iron,  magfuria,  and  Km,  it  contains  some- 
what leas  of  ahumna,  poUuso,  sodium,  siUea,  and  am- 
monia. The  Rockbridge  Alum,  it  will  be  seen,  contains 
a  greater  weight  of  su^huric  and  carbonic  add  gas. 

While  both  public  and  professional  opinion  of  the 
value  of  this  water  is  very  favorable,  there  seems,  never- 
theless, not  to  have  been  any  considerable  amount  of 
careful  and  practical  observation  of  its  peculiar  thera- 
peutic effects,  in  a  large  circle  of  cases.  _ 

But  in  the  absence  of  such  actual  observation  of  lU 
effects,  the  essential  similarity  of  the  water  to  the  Rock- 
bridge waters,  whose  virtues  and  adaptations  are  now 
pretty  well  known,  leaves  no  reasonable  doubt  of  the 

Sreat  value  of  this  spring,  and  indicates  with  a  good 
eal  of  clearness  its  adaptations  to  the  various  forms  of 
diseases  so  happily  treated  by  the  waters  which  it  so 
much  resembles  in  chemical  composition. 


14 


rith  that  of  the  Rock 


ij  .  IMI  II  I      ~" 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

lUwter'*  8pftof-Mi«ttt««  SpdBgt-Jontan*  WblU  Sdplmr 

RAWLEY'S  SPRING. 

Rawlby's  Sfwwo  ii  situated  on  the  twithern  tlope 

of  the  North  Mountain,  in  the  county  of  Ro*""*"^' 

twelve  mile,  northwert  from  H«i»»JSL^  Whul 
one  hundred  and  twenty  milet  northeast  from  the  White 

**K?  Rawley  water  it  a  t^i^nd  chapheftej^^]y 
adaoied.  by  the  amiciation  of  it»  medicinal  tnn«lients, 
rSr-M  Sclent  tmc  and  attirathi:  and  itt  «c- 
ccHful  administration  for  many  y«rs  provw  tnat  it 
poMcs  curative  properties  beyond  those  of  an  ordi- 

"^iSSi'S bpSfessor  Mallet's  chemical  eW 
nation  of  this  water : — 

P»ol«dd.oHn» 1^.14  f«..I«I»Pll-»«^ 

ProtojddBof  miimiMWit. ^m      _ 

AtamlMk •^I'      , 

MagMtriiu ••    '^ 

U«|ita(4M»t^'^'^^^  "|g»- 

8«««^ :'vr:zrrr:  5SI  ••    -    - 

,__■  H  ••  •• 

Std^plmric  acid. *J^     , 

ChwiiiM. ••■    '^t^     »        •'         " 

audcMjd ~ ......••• -^ 

Oobonie  tOA  (cMBbtotd)-............."  i.S»M 

Miih) ..•..." • •*»' 

('54) 


KAWLEY'S  SPRING.  155 

The  gases  dissolved  are  as  follows :— > 
Caibonieacid ~ 7.4a  enbie  indiM  per  ImpoU  gaUon. 

oxygw a.07 ;; 

Nitt^ 4.i«    " 

The  protoxide  of  iron  in  the  water  of  the  two  other 
springs  was  determined  as  follows: — 

Smaller  fonntain x.i777  ffniaii  per  Imperial  fdloa. 

Upper  ipring. i-Sago    " 

This  analysis,  showing  that  the  water  not  only  con- 
Xxm&protcxide  if  iron,  with  carbonic  acid  in  excess,  but 
also  that  it  contains  sititie  add,  alumina,  wuu^nese, 
magnesia,  soda,  lithia,  ammonia,  sulpkurie  acid,  ehhrint, 
and /tf^A,  evidences  that  it  is  not  only  tonic  but  also 
alteraiive  in  its  powers.  It  may  be  hopefully  looked  to 
as  remedid  in  chronic  disease  generally  which  is  at- 
tended with  low  and  deficient  vital  action ;  and  espe- 
cially in  chronic  anemia,  chlorosis,  hysteria,  fluor  albus, 
dyspeptic  depravities,  passive  hemorrhac^,  nervous 
diseases,  and  particularly  in  a  laige  class  of  female  dis- 
orders depending  upon  uterine  derangement,  with  de- 
ficiency of  vital  force,  and,  indeed,  in  chronic  maladies 
generally  that  are  connected  with  paucity  or  poverty 
of  blood,  and  consequent  weakness  of  the  general 
S]rstem. 

Comparing  the  natural  constituents  of  healthy  human 
blood  with  the  leading  ingredients  contained  in  this 
water,  it  is  not  difficult  to  account  for  its  adaptedness  as 
an  alterative  and  restorer  of  that  fluid,  and  for  its  effi- 
ciency as  a  tonic  to  the  relaxed  and  enervated  system 
generally. 

The  writer  has  had  considerable  profeHional  expe- 
rience for  many  years  in  the  direction  of  this  water  f<^r 
his  patients,  either  9»z  primary  or  secondary  re.aedy  in 
their  cases,  and  the  results  have  been  generally  very 
favorable  to  the  agent  as  a  restorative  and  invigorating 
tcmic. 


156 


MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


It  is  not  pnly  as  a  primary  and  independent  remedy 
that  these  waters  are  valuable.  In  various  diseases  of 
the  abdominal  viscera,  and  other  affections,  in  which 
the  primary  use  of  thermal  and  strong  alterative  sulplutr 
waters  is  required,  and  is  essential  to  the  cure  of  the 
case  as  a  first  remedy,  the  subsequent  use  of  these  waters, 
to  finish  up  the  case  by  restoring  the  wasted  energies 
of  the  system  long  debilitoted  by  disease,  is  often  a 
matter  of  the  greatest  consequence  to  the  patient. 

The  accommodations  at  this  place  have  recently  been 
much  enlarged,  and  are  now  sufficient  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  four  or  five  hundred  persons. 

The  Rawley  Springs  are  reached  in  one  day  from 
Baltimore,  by  way  of  the  Manassas  Gap  Railroad  to 
Harrisonburg,  or  by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
via  Winchester.  The  Southern  and  Western  traveler 
may  reach  them  conveniently  from  Staunton. 

MASSANETTA   SPRINGS, 

formerly  known  as  "Taylor's,"  are  in  the  county  of 
Rockingham,  near  the  Peaks  of  Massanetta  Mountain, 
and  four  or  five  miles  east  of  Harrisonburg. 

These  springs  have  been  long  known  as  possessing 
medicinal  virtues,  and  especially  for  dyspeptic  deprav- 
ities, and  for  the  cure  of  agues  of  long  standing,  and 
other  chronic  malarial  influences. 

The  waters  are  believed  to  be  alkaline,  and  strongly 
magneiian.  Prof.  Rogers,  upon  a  qualitative  examina- 
tion, reports  them  to  contain  eMmne,  iron,  arseme, 
Masnum,  sodium,  Sme,  iotUne,  and  magnesia. 

While  the  medicinal  effects  of  these  waters  have  not 
at  yet  been  sufficiently  tested  to  make  for  thfcm  a  reli- 
able and  extensive  therapeutic  record,  they  have,  never- 
theless, so  decidedly  evinced  curative  powers  as  to 
cause  them  to  be  favorably  regarded  among  the  mineral 
waters  of  the  country. 

The  proprietors  of  these  springs  are  prepanng  to 


» 


I 


'A. 

nt  remedy 
diseases  of 
I,  in  which 
ive  sulphur 
aire  of  the 
lese  waters, 
>d  energies 
is  often  a 
itient. 
centlybeen 
E  entertain- 

;  day  from 
Uilroad  to 
io  Railroad 
irn  traveler 


!  connty  of 
I  Mountain, 

I  possessing 
[)tic  deprav- 
inding,  and 

ind  strongly 
ve  examina- 
M,  arsem'f, 
ia. 

sn  have  not 
them  a  reli- 
have,  never- 
owers  ai  to 
the  mineral 

>reparing  to 


yORDAirS  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS.     157 

open  them  more  extensively  for  public  use  than  hereto- 
fore. 

JORDAN'S  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

These  springs  are  in  Frederick  County,  Virginia, 
five  miles  from  the  town  of  Winchester,  and  one  and  a 
half  from  Stephenson's  Depot,  a  point  on  the  Wm- 
Chester  and  Harper's  ?erry  Railroad.  They  are  situ- 
ated in  a  small  valley,  surrounded  by  hills  of  no  great 
altitude.  The  earth  in  the  vicinity  of  the  spnop  »• 
blended  with  slate,  very  porous,  and  readily  absorbs  all 
the  water  that  falls  upon  it.  Hence  it  is  as  remark- 
able for  its  dryness  as  is  the.  neighborhood  for  its  ex- 
emption from  vapors  and  fogs.  The  grounds  about 
the  springs  are  well  covered  with  grass,  are  sufficiently 
extensive  for  pleasant  promenades,  and,  withal,  are 
shaded  by  a  variety  of  ornamental  trees. 

The  spring,  although  not  one  of  great  boldness,  af- 
fords in  abundance  a  mild,  pleasant  sulphur  water,  of 
the  temperature  of  57"  Fahr.,  which  is  said  not  to  be 
influenced  either  in  quantity  or  temperature  by  wet  or 
dry,  hot  or  cold,  weather.  j  %.  j  j 

The  founttin  is  inclosed  by  marble  slabs,  and  shaded 
by  an  octagonal  structure,  supported  by  larK  pilUnt. 

These  waters  have  never  been  analyzed,  though  they 
will  probably  be  found,  judging  from  the  geological 
position  of  the  fountain,  as  well  as  firom  the  sensible 
properties  of  the  water  itself,  to  conuin  leas  hme  than 
many  of  our  sulphur  waters,  and,  therefore,  more  free, 
from  the  harsh  ingredients  imparted  by  the  sulphate 
and  carbonate  of  that  mineral;  while  they  hold  in 
solution  the  other  components  usually  found  m  our 
sulphur  waters.  If  this  suggestion  be  correct,  it  points 
them  out  as  peculiarly  valuable  in  gravel  and  the 
various  chronic  diseases  of  the  kidneys,  bladder,  and 

Medicini^y,  the  water  acts  as  a  diuretic  and  slight 
aperient.    As  an  tUterathe,  it  is  found  to  be  valuable 


! 


4MliinM" 


Ijg         MINERAL  WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

in  the  variots  forms  of  chronic  disease  in  which  sulphur 
waters  are  commonly  beneficial.    Among  other  dis- 
eases, dyspepsia  and  the  various  gastric  derangements 
have  derived  benefit  from  its  use.    The  same  may  be 
said  of  Uver  disease,  hemorrhoids,  disease  of  the  shin, 
and  rheumatism,  especially  when  it  proceeds  from  the 
use  of  mercury.    Several  gentleman  have  borne  very 
decided  testimony  to  the  superior  efficacy  of  these 
waters  in  gout,  and  their  unirritating  quality  would  seem 
to  point  them  out  as  a  valuable  remedy  in  that  disease. 
Physicians  of  eminence,  long  familiar  with  the  use  of 
this  water,  speak  in  high  terms  of  its  efficacy  in  jaundice, 
and  in  the  Junttional  derangements  of  the  atdomtnal 
viscera  generally;  also  in  the  various  chrome  ^ec- 
tions  of  the  skin ;  in  chronic  irritation  of  the  kidneys 
and  bladder;  in  gleet,  and  especially  m  female  sup- 
pressions, unattended  with  acute  symptoms. 


:h  sulphur 
)ther  dis- 
ingements 
le  may  be 
'  the  skin, 
from  the 
ome  very 
'  of  these 
ould  seem 
at  disease, 
the  use  of 
\  jaundice, 
abdominal 
imic  affec- 
[le  kidneys 
;male  sup- 


CHAPTER    XX. 

BATH  OR  BERKELEY  SPRINGS. 

BuIt  HWory— Bathi  and  Bathtag-Howw— Medical  Propertiet  of 
Ae  Wateii-Dteeaiet  for  which  used,  etc.— Capon  Spring!. 

The  Berkeley  Springs  are  situated  in  the  town  of 
Bath,  Morgan  County,  West  Virginia,  two jniles  and  a 
half  from  Sir  John's  Depot,  a  point  on  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad  one  hundred,  and  thirty  miles  west 
of  Baltimore  and  forty-nine  miles  east  of  Cumberland. 

These  springs  were  resorted  to  by  invalids  at  a  vwy 
early  period,  and  had  great  celebrity  throughout  the 
Colonies.  Hundreds  annually  flocked  thither  from  all 
quarters,  and  traditional  accounts  of  the  accommoda- 
tions and  amusements  of  those  primitive  times  are  calcu- 
lated to  excite  both  the  mirth  and  envy  of  the  present 
age.  Rude  log  huts,  board  and  canvas  tents,  and  even 
covered  wagons,  served  as  lodging-rooms,  while  every 
party  brought  its  own  subsuntial  provisions  of  flour, 
meat,  and  bacon,  depending  for  lighter  articles  of^iet 
on  the  "Hill  folk,"  or  the  success  of  their  own  fora- 
eers.  A  Iwge  hollow  scooped  in  the  sand,  surrounded 
by  a  screen  of  pine  brush,  was  the  only  bathing-house ; 
and  this  was  used  alternately  by  ladies  and  gentlemen. 
The  time  set  apart  for  the  ladies  was  announced  by  a 
blast  on  a  long  tin  horn,  at  which  signal  all  of  the  op- 
posite sex  retired  to  a  prescribed  distance,  and  woe  to 
any  unlucky  wight  who  might  be  found  within  the 

magic  circle  I  . ,  ^ 

The  whole  scene  is  said  to  have  resembled  a  oamp- 

(  »59  ) 


1^. JIM  |ll>    ■- 


mi  1. 


,60         MINERAL    WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

meeting  in  appearance ;  but  only  in  appearance.  Here 
day  and  night  paswd  in  a  round  of  eating  and  drink- 
ing, bathing,  fiddling,  dancing,  and  reveling.  Gaming 
WM  carried  to  a  great  excev,  and  horse-racing  was  a 

daily  amusement.  l  ^«  <. 

Such  were  the  primitive  accommodations  at  the  lirst 
watering-place  that  was  opened  in  Virginia,  and  such 
the  recreations  and  amusements  of  our  forefathers, 
about  the  eventful  period  that  ushered  us  as  a  nation 
into  the  world.  ,  .    ^ . 

Berkeley  has  now  extensive  andc^  venient  improve- 
ments, and  a  summer  registry  of  from  twelve  to  fifteen 

hundred  visitors.  _j:„«i 

Although  these  waters  possess  considerable  medical 
virtues  when  taken  internally,  they  have  been  most 
celebrated  asa^a/d;  their  pleasant  thermal  tempera- 
ture, from  7a»  to  74*  Fahr.,  in  connection  with  other 
properties,  adapting  them,  as  such,  to  a  wide  range  of 
disnses.  They  have  never  been  accurately  analysed, 
but  the  presence  of  purgative  and  diuretic  salts  has 
been  ascertained,  though  the  impregnation  is  not  strong 
and  the  amount  is  uncertain. 

iKUnudUse.'-^TtiVi  water  is  tasteless,  insipid  from 
its  warmth,  and  so  light  in  its  character  that  very 
Urge  quantities  may  be  taken  on  the  stomach  without 
producing  oppression  or  uneasiness.  Persons  geneimlly 
Ucome  fond  of  it  after  a  time ;  and  when  cooled  it  is 
a  deUghtflil  beverage.  It  is  beneficial  in  several  of  the 
chronic  and  subacute  disorders,  such  as  d^a^^ents 
of  the  stomach,  with  impaired  appetite  and  feeble  di- 
gestion unconnected  with  any  con^idertble  degree  of 
organic  disease.  Its  salutary  effects  in  these  caan  would 
seem  to  depend  upon  the  exceedingly  light  character 
of  the  waters  and  their  gentle  alkaline  properties,  nw- 
tializing  acidity  and  invigorating  and  soothing  the 

viscdft* 
In  tte  early  stages  '>f  (oIcuImu  diseases,  attended  with 


« 


CAPON  SPRINGS. 


l6l 


ce.    Here 
ad  drink- 
Gaming 
ing  was  a 

It  the  first 

and  such 

srefathers, 

B  a  nation 

t  improve- 
;  to  fifteen 

le  medical 
been  most 
1  tempera- 
with  other 
le  range  of 
r  analysed, 
c  salts  has 
not  strong 


isipid  from 
that  very 
ich  without 
IS  generally 
cooled  it  is 
veralofthe 
rangements 
1  feeble  di- 
B  degree  of 
cases  would 
tt  character 
lerties,  neu- 
lothing  the 

tended  with 


irriuble  bladder,  their  free  use  internally  and  exter- 
nally is  frequently  of  benefit. 

External  C^w.— Externally  used,  these  waters  are 
beneficial  in  the  whole  class  of  nervous  dutrdert  that 
are  disconnected  with  a  full  plethoric  habit,  extreme 
debility,  or  severe  organic  derangements.  ^ 

In  cases  of  relaxed  habit  and  debility,  where  suffi- 
cient power  of  reaction  exists  in  the  system,  the  tonic 
and  bracing  influences  of  plunges  in  this  water  wiU  De 
very  invigorating.  , 

Persons  suffering  from  a  residence  in  a  wwm,  low, 
and  damp  climate,  and  subject  to  nervous  affections, 
will  be  benefited  by  the  use  of  the  batlw. 

To  the  various  chronic  affections  of  the  mucous  mem- 
branes, especially  leucorrhoea,  gleet,  etc.,  as  well  as  to 
that  peculiar  form  of  bronchitis  which  depends  upon  a 
relaxed  condition  of  the  membranes,  with  general  want 
of  tone  in  the  nervous  system,  the  water  and  baths  are 
highly  beneficial.  The  same  may  be  uid  as  to  local 
pmlytic  affections,  if  unconnected  with  congestion  or 
the  brain,  or  cerebral  tendencies. 

In  mildly  chrome  or  subaaOe  rheumatism,  the  bath 
has  long  enjoyed  a  high  repuvarion.  Many  inteUigent 
persons  who  We  long  been  familiar  with  its  use,  place 
great  reliance  on  it  in  this  class  of  cases. 

CAPON  SPRINGS. 

At  the  western  base  of  the  North  Mountain,  in  the 
county  of  Hampshire,  seventeen  miles  east  of  Romney, 
and  twenty-two  Mrthwest  of  Winchester,  whence  they 
may  be  reached  by  a  well-graded  but  mountainous  road, 
are  the  Capon  S^ngs,.  They  are  situated  m  a  narrow 
vale  not  far  distant  from  the  Capon  River,  and  rtir- 
rounded  by  a  rugged  and  romantic  mountoin  somcnr, 
perhaps  unsuspassed  in  trossach  wildness  by  any  m  Vir- 
Jinia.  The  1^  i»  high  and  healthy,  and  the  sources 


^W^SmX^- 


,5,         MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

of  wnuienieot  (often  of  conaeqaence  to  the  inj^JJ)' 
«ui«mSSlv  tho«e  of  trout  »ml  river  (WiJng,  together 
SfhlTeSiJS  of  the  mount«n  ch-e,  .re  «n«iT. 
wMedatrny  of  our  watering-places.  ._  .«„^{-- 
*^  topriveoentt  at  Capon  i^  «ten«ve.  dfordmg 
Mo^nSStion  for  about  Kven  hundred  and  fifty  per- 

■°The  MhingistabHthment  here  i>  well  designedanf 
luSJwS^oIding  twenty  bathing-roomt  for  gentle- 
SwSTileSeen  for  ladi«,  with  comfortijile  pario» 
S^hJweTf  the  bather..  The  b«h»  are  made  of  bn A, 
SS  \rith  hydraulic  cement.  Shower  and  douche 
bSSfaS  irSSr warm  bath.,  are  •»«> -JPgjJ-     ^ 

The  .pring  afford,  about  o"' »»«°?'Sl  £JL°"  u 
water  perminute.  The  temj^iature  of  thewaterj.  t 
fl^  £om  the  fountain  is  66«»  Fahr. ;  in  the  reaervoir 
that  npplie.  the  bath.,  about  64  •        ..„„_.    »-. 

The  wicr  i.  e«entially  taatelea.  and  «odorous.  iw- 
cert?nte?h?rShariter,  it  cannot  be  compared  to 

eJirwisMsfSireS^^^^ 

d^^ent  of  the  mucou..«irf«:«|,  ete.    j^^  «£ 
ouir^  lenutation,  and  I  believe  justly,  a.  a  iwnedy  m 

SiSrsss  ^«»8TrMii:i'^°SiSETn 

It  i.  .valuable  water,  and  i.  dertmed  to  increwe  m 

'  Cvor  with  the n«n«:80»«P|J™'^.;,,^ k- d-  chwle. 

Th*  Canon  water,  have  been  analyaed  Dy  ur.  *^vr  *~! 

aS;,%uSdJhia,  and  their  principal  «edu:m.l 

ingredient.  aKertauied  to  be— 


Smdcacid. 

Soda, 

CwtNoksuklfM. 


Mafneria, 

BrotniiMt 

IvUaa. 


» 


invalid), 

together 

ureuntoT- 

affording 
fifty  per- 

gned  and 
br  g«ntle- 
;de  parlon 
e  of  brick, 
id  douche 
plied, 
gallons  of 
water  as  it 
e  reservoir 

»rotis.  Ex- 
impared  to 
ng  region. 
ty  than  any 
;c-.trage,  it 
'  useftu  in  a 
loMfV  ajfee- 
Hts,  chronic 

It  has  ac- 
i  remedy  in 
lary  oi|pns. 

increase  in 

Dr.  Charles 
il  piedicinal 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

Coiner'!  Bl«ck  mA  WWte  Sulphnr— RommIw  Red  Sohlrar— Jdm- 
■on'i  Sprinn-Blue  RMge  Spriiig»-AUegluuiy  Spriiig»-Moat- 
gomery  WUte  Sulphur  Sprinsi. 

COINER'S  WHITE  AND  BLACK  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

Thus  springs  are  situated  at  the  western  base  of  the 
Blue  lUdge  Mountain,  on  the  line  between  the  coun- 
ties of  Botetourt  and  Roanoke,  on  the  borders  of  one 
of  the  most  delightful  and  fertile  regions  of  Virginia. 
They  are  immediately  on  the  line  of  the  Virginia  and 
Tennessee  Railroad,  and  within  a  mile  of  Bonsack  s 
Depot,  fifty  miles  west  from  Lynchburg. 

These  springs,  as  a  public  resort,  are  a  product  of 
the  recent  rapid  spring  development  in  Virginia,  having 
been  brought  into  piAlic  notice  within  the  last  fifteen 

My  personal  observation  of  their  effects  in  health  and 
disease  is  too  limited  to  enable  me  to  speak  positively 
of  their  medicinal  peculiarities  or  powers,  and,  in  -the 
absence  of  an  analysis,  prudence  restricts  me  frcmi  con- 
sidering their  therapeuric  character,  except  in  the  light 
of  analogy,  and  from  the  experience  of  their  use  mr  a 
few  gentlemen  who  seem  to  be  well  qualified  to  jiuige 
of  their  powers.  From  such  light,  I  believe  these 
waters  wiU  be  found  a  safe  and  beneficial  remedv  in  a 
large  class  of  cases  usually  successfiiUy  treated  by  the 
miM  sulphur  waters  that  exist  in  the  same  general  geo- 
logical region.  ,   ^    . 

(163) 


i«4 


MINERAL   HTATRXS  OF  VIRGINIA. 
ROANOKE  RED  SULPHUR  SPRING. 


ThU  is  one  of  the  new  places  of  valetudinary  and 
pleiSl're're^S,  which  the  rfent  ardor  for  .pnng  .m- 
Srovement  has  brought  to  the  public  view. 
*^  It  is  situated  in  the  county  of  Roanoke,  o"  *« '°"2 
frnm  the  town  of  Salem  to  the  Sweet  Springs,  ten  miles 

^^Thfi^aters  of  this  fountain  have  not  b«j«  anal^^«^^. 
.»r  w*  thev  as  vet  so  far  made  out  their  meaicai 
"Z^oi  *iS?H"b?litie.  and  cures  as  to  «able  me  to 
I^A  of  them  with  such  particularity  as  I  could  desire. 
■^Tievaw  mild  and  plJasant  sulpUous  waters,  and 
no^oib*  wiU  S.  foun^d  well  ^apted  to  a  numerous 
cUw  of  cases  successfully  treated  by  such  waters. 

JOHNSON'S  SPRINGS, 

«ow  better  known  as  HolHns's  InsHMe,  are  in  Ro^oke 
cJJn^^ht  r^east  of  Salem.  They  are  mild  and 
plS  Xhur  waters.  I  .find  these  bF'-J!'. ^jr  a 
SSutive  Malysis,  to  contain  twenty-eight  grains  of 
2Sud  m«rto  the  Imperial  ?a>lon.  «=°?»»al.*3 

'^TlT  '^r^  extensivelv  and  b.«<i»ome^J- 
p^cS,  WTeicept  during  tie  summer  months,  is 
occupied  as  a  female  seminary. 

THE  BLUE  RIDGE  SPRING 
;.  in  the  county  of  Botetourt,  and  immediately  on  the 
Vi  riSJ  Si  TUe^K^  Railroad,  seventeen  ma«  ««t 
of  SJem     The  water  of  this  spring  is  strongly  s<»kn4 


lA. 

tfG. 

idinary  »nd 
•  spring  im- 

on  the  road 
n,  ten  miles 
latter  place. 
)r  of  its  de- 
as  a  medici- 
ke  county  of 

en  analyzed, 
heir  medical 
enable  me  to 
could  desire. 
s  waters,  and 
I  a  numerous 
waters. 


re  in  Roanoke 
J  are  mild  and 
springs,  by  a 
ight  grains  of 
isisting  of  the 
to  chlorides  of 

mdsomely  im- 
ter  months,  is 


ledi^tely  on  the 

iteen  miles  east 

strongly  saliiu 


ALLEGHANY  SPRINGS. 


««5 


in  character,  and  very  much  resembles,  both  in  its 
composition  and  its  medicinal  effects,  the  water  of  the 
Alleghany  Springs  in  the  county  of  Montgomery. 

ALLEGHANY  SPRINGS. 

AlUgham  Springs  are  on  the  south  fork  of  Roanoke 
River,  in  the  cwmty  of  Montgomery,  three  miles  wuth 
of  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Railroad,  at 
Shawsville.  .  , 

In  the  Hmenelature  of  mineral  waters,  they  properly 
belong  to  the  (lass  known  as  salike.  In  local  situa- 
tion, they  occupy  a  central  position,  geographically 
and  geologically,  of  the  great  mineral  range  extendmg 
from  Harper's  Ferry  in  the  north,  to  the  Chilhowee 
Mountains  in  the  south.  All  al-ng  this  entire  rMjje 
this  class  4^ waters \m  found;  varying  somewhat  in  their 
ingredients,  but  all  essentially  belonging  to  the  same 
general  class.  Nor  is  this  valuable  class  of  waters  found 
in  any  other  portion  of  our  continent  in  the  same 
abundance  and  purity. 

the  springs  that  represent  the  extremes  of  this  ex- 
tensive geological  range  are  the  Montvale,  in  Blount 
County,  Tennessee,  and  the  SkanmondaU,  in  Jeffer- 
son  County,  West  Virginia,  more  than  four  hundred 
and  fifty  miles  apart.  In  the  intermediate  space  be- 
tween these  extremes,  evidences  are  afford^  in  various 
places  along  the  mountains  of  the  existence  of  similar 
waters;  but  their  existence  in  purity  and  in  suQci^ 
Quantity  for  general  use  has  only  been  demonstrated 


and  brought  before  the  public  in  the  springs  of  ''.S*aii- 
fumdaler^^BhuRidgt^'  "Kr/^,"  and  "AU*^^, 
in  Virginia,  and  "  Tat^s"  and  **Mmival€,*'  m  Ten- 

In  the  class  of  saline  waters  are  comprised  those 
springs  that  contain  a  sufficient  amount  of  neutral  salu 
to  occasion  the  marked  effects  of  such  agents,  and 
especially  purgative  operations. 

>5 


i66 


MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


Such  waters  exert  but  an  inconaiderable  effect  upon 
the  umguiferoui  and  nervous  systems,  their  efficacy 
mainly  depending  on  their  laxative  and  purgative 
operations,  by  which  the  alimentary  canal  is  excited 
to  copious  secretions,  and  the  secretory  functions  of 
the  Uvtr  and  fanertas  are  stimulated  to  pour  out  their 
appropriate  fluids ;  besides,  like  other  mineral  waters, 
tney  are  absorbed,  and  conveyed  through  the  whole 
course  of  the  circulation,  and  are  applied  in  their 
medical  efficacy  to  the  capillary  tissues  and  glandular 
organs.  The  sympathy  between  the  digestive  canal, 
upon  which  thev  operate  primarily,  and  all  the  other 
organs  of  the  body,  prejuires  us  for  witnessing  the 
happy  effects  which  they  often  exert  upon  the  Tatter 
organs  by  their  direct  effects  upon  the  former. 

Where  no  considerable  irritation  or  inflammation 
exists  in  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach  and 
bowels,  saHne  mneral  waters  will  be  found  valuable 
in  twlieving  congestion  or  irritation  of  distant  organs : 
first,  by  copious  evacuation  of  fluids ;  and  second,  by 
derivation  of  blood  from  them  to  the  superficies  of  the 
portal  syvtem.*  Affections  of  the  head,  chest,  skin,  and 
joints  will  often  be  greatly  benefited  by  their  prudent 
use. 

From  the  absorption  of  saline  matters  contained  in 
sach  wAters,  and  possibly  from  the  force  of  sympathy 
firom  other  organs,  the  secretions  of  the  kidneys  and 
thin  are  commonly  much  increased.  Such  results, 
often  highly  benencial,  ^nerally  ensue  fk-om  doses 
felling  short  of  the  quantity  usually  taken  to  prodnce 
active  purging. 

The  waters  of  the  Alleghanv  Springs,  like  all  waten 
of  thie  sAline  class,  purge  mildly  or  activeHy,  in  propor- 
tion to  the  quantity  drunk  and  the  peristaltic  excita- 
bility  of  the  bowels.  Simply  as  a  purgative,  they  are 
very  superior  in  many  chronic  diseases  to  the  drugs 
ordinarily  used  for  this  purpose,  and  principally  in 


r 


*BeU. 


c  effect  upon 
heir  efficacy 
lid  purgative 
lal  is  excited 

functions  of 
KMir  out  their 
ineral  waters, 
gh  the  whole 
))ied  in  their 
and  glandular 
gestive  canal, 

all  the  other 
iritneasing  the 
pon  the  latter 
inner. 

inflammation 
>  stomach  and 
bund  valuable 
listant  organs : 
and  second,  by 
perficies  of  the 
:he8t,  skin,  and 
^  their  prudent 

rs  contained  in 
ce  of  sympartiy 
he  kidneys  and 
Such  results, 
lue  from  doses 
ken  to  produce 

I,  like  all  water* 
vely,  in  propor- 
sristaltic  excita- 
rgative,  they  are 
«s  to  the  dru|» 
d  principally  m 


ALLBOHANY  SPRINGS.  167 

this,  that  the  invalid  can  keep  up  their  action  upon 
the  bowels  for  a  number  of  days  without  suffering  that 
debility  of  the  constitution  and  loss  of  appetite  which 
so  constantly  occur  from  a  similar  course  of  the  ordi- 
nary purging  drugs.  .         *  ^         » 

In  small  and  aperient  doses,  they  often  act  most 
beneficially  on  the  functions  of  the  shn  and  ksdneys, 
and  especially  if  the  warm  bath  and  gentle  exercise  be 
connected  with  their  use.  Administered  in  the  same 
way,  we  sometimes  witness  very  ple«»ant  influences 
from  these  waters  upon  the  mucous  surfaces,  as  well  as 
upon  the  serous,  synovial,  and  fibrous  membranes. 
Such  results  arc  sometimes  witnessed  in  chronic  ca- 
tarrh, rheumatic  affections  of  the  Join***  «^c. 

The  Alleghany  water  has  been  analysed  bv  Ur.  r.  A. 
Genth,  of  Philadelphia.  He  found  one  gallon,  70,000 
grains,  to  contain— 

Sulphate  of  Ume XvX^  » 

8uJpl«teofiO<U »-7«7«9  „ 

Sulphate  of  potaua 2'2l«o  " 

CkSonate  ofcopper ^-^^JS  « 

Carbonate  of  lead «^5t!  " 

Carbonateof  «no o*»m  .. 

Caibonate  of  iron ^.S*??  •< 

Caibonate  of  manganeie - \W^^  •• 

Carbonate  of  Ume 12^  » 

Carbonate  of  magnesia „SS;^  •• 

Carbonate  of  ttrontia VZ^.  « 

Carbonate  of  bai^ta ~ ^^  •• 

Carbonate  of  Uthi ~    ***tS  - 

Nitrate  of  magnesia i«2iw  •• 

Nitrate  of  ammonia «"?!!!  « 

Fhoqihale  of  alumina f^^  » 

SlliStrof  alumina Sl^S  " 

Fluoride  of  calcium ^f^^S  « 

Chloride  of  lodlum....^. «Si^  » 

SUlcic  acid *"?2?  .. 

Crenlcacid »~S?*  ..    - 

Apocienieacid «"*;»»  .. 

Other  oiganlc  matter- i-999»« 

Carbonate  of  cobalt I  traces. 

Teioside  of  sntimony > 

183.069321     " 


laant^pai 


IfT 


t68 


MINERAL    WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


Solid  ingredients  by  direct  evaporation  gave  ...184.079000  grains. 

Half-combined  carbonic  acid x.885536     " 

Free  carlMnic  acid 5.455706     " 

Hydro^ulpbttric  acid 0.001339     " 

Total  amount  of  ingredients. 190.41x91a     " 

The  medicinal  effects  of  these  waters  are  mildly  laxa- 
tive or  actively  purging,  in  proportion  to  the  quantity 
drunk  and  the  excitability  of  the  bowels. 

Simply  as  a  purgative,  they  are  vastly  superior  in 
chronic  disease  to  the  ordinary  drugs  of  the  apothecary: 
principally  in  this,  that  the  invalid  may  keep  up  their 
action  upon  the  bowels  for  a  number  of  days  tvithout 
suffering  that  general  debility  or  loss  of  appetite  which 
so  constantly  occurs  from  a  similar  course  of  the  ordi- 
nary purging  medicines. 

In  small  or  aperient  doses  they  act  kindly  and  bene- 
ficially upon  the  kidneys  and  skin,  and  especially  when 
gehtle  exercise  is  connected  with  their  use. 

Administered  in  the  same  guarded  way,  they  exert 
a  happy  influence  upon  the  mucous  surfaces,  as  well  as 
upon  the  serous,  synovial,  and  fibrous  membranes. 
Such  influences  are  witnessed  in  chronic  catarrh,  mu- 
cous diarrhoea,  rheumatic  affections  of  the  joints,  etc. 

They  both  primarily  and  secondarily  exert  favor- 
able influences  upon  the  glandular  secretions.  This  is 
sometimes  marked  in  the  relief  they  afford  in  Jaun- 
cUce  and  other  diseases  of  the  glandular  structures. 

In  dy^^sia  they  have  acquired  a  more  established 
reputation,  perhaps,  than  in  any  other  form  of  disease, 
mainly,  we  presume,  from  the  fact  that  they  have  been 
more  oxteosively  employed  in  this  than  in  any  other 
single  form  of  disease. 

Dyspepsia  is  multiform,  both  in  its  causes  and  its 
>  pathology,  and  hence  no  one  remedy  is  equally  well 
adapted  to  all  its  forms  and  phases.  But  as  a  gen- 
eral remedy,  adapted  to  meet  the  general  want  in  the 
various  dysp^c  depravities,  this  water  occupies  a  de- 


'''^mm^mm^^m^^^E^^m^M& 


^;iifgr*'^'^^*'^y!r-^__ 


1184.079000  grains. 

x.88ssa6     " 

S-4SS796     " 

0.00x339     " 

[1904x19x9     " 

are  mildfylaxa- 
to  the  quantiiy 
els. 

astly  superior  in 
f  the  apothecary : 
lay  keep  up  their 
'  of  days  without 
of  appetite  which 
mrse  of  the  ordi- 

kindly  and  bene- 
d  especially  when 
ir  use. 

d  way,  they  exert 
vrfaces,  as  well  as 
hrous  vumbratus. 
rohic  catarrh,  mu- 
3f  the  joints,  etc. 
arily  exert  favor- 
:cretions.  This  is 
y  afford  in  Jaun- 
ilar  structures. 
L  more  established 
er  form  of  disease, 
lat  they  have  been 
than  in  any  other 

its  causes  and  its 
dy  is  equally  well 
s.  But  as  a  gen* 
;eneral  want  in  the 
ter  occupies  a  de> 


ALLEGHANY  SPRINGS.  169 

cidedly  high  position  among  the  most  valued  remedies 
in  such  cases. 

I  by  no  means  intend  to  assert  tlut  this  or  any  other 
mineral  water,  or  any  article  of  the  apothecary,  is  an 
infallible  remedy  in  all  dyspeptic  cases ;  such  a  position 
would  be  alike  extravagant  and  uncandid.  But  I  fuUv 
indorse  the  truthful  results  of  experience,,  that  such 
waters  are  among  our  best  remedies  in  all  such  cases ; 
always  safe  when  prudently  used,  and  often  effective 
where  the  usual  remedies  of  the  profession  have  failed. 

If  called  upon  to  say  in  what  particular  form  of 
dyspepsia  these  waters  may  be  most  relied  upon,  I 
would  say  in  cases  attended  with  mucous  secretions, 
and  which  often  develop  alarming  palpitations  and 
other  unpleasant  neuralgic  affections.  But  I  by  no 
means  regard  their  efficacy  in  dyspepsia  as  limited  to 
such  cases. 

In  ckromc  mucoits  diarrhoea,  aUke  common  and  fatal 
in  our  southern  latitudes,  the  prudent  use  of  this  water 
is  eminently  proper.  In  all  cases  of  this  kind  the 
water  should  be  used  in  small  and  frequently  repeated 
doses,  and  its  influence  upon  the  secreting  surfaces 
encouraged  by  the  occasional  use  of  a  warm  bath  when 
such  an  adjunct  can  be  commanded.  A  departure  from 
this  rule  of  prudence  as  to  the  quantity  of  the  water  to 
be  used,  would  cause  it  rather  to  aggravate  than  benefit 
the  case. 

In  disorders  of  the  kidneys,  threatening  calculous 
deposits,  these  waters  may  be  looked  to  as  a  hopeful 
source  of  relief.  Their  efficacy  in  such  cases  may  be 
attributed  mainly  to  the  alterative  changes  they  effect 
in  the  blood  and  upon  the  secretory  and  absorbing 
functions,  and  to  their  increasing  the  flow  of  urine, 
thus  giving  an  easier  passage  to  the  extraneous  matter, 
which,  when  long  retamed,  proves  painful  and  injurious. 

These  springs  may  be  conveniently  reached  from  the 
East  or  South  by  railroad,  by  way  of  Lynchburg ;  or 
from  the  Southwest  by  way  of  Knoxville. 

*5* 


MHHiKiM 


MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


The  improvements  at  the  Alleghany  are  extensive 
and  comfortable,  affording  accommodation  for  five  or 
six  hundred  visitors. 


MONTGOMERY  WHITE  SULPHUR. 

The  Mon^omery  White  Sulfhur  are  springs  of  some- 
what recent  discovery  and  improvement.  They  are 
situated  on  the  southern  slope  of  the  Alleghan]r  Moun- 
tain, in  the  county  of  Montgomery,  a  few  miles  east 
of  the  town  of  Cbristiansburg,  and  at  a  short  distance 
from  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Railroad,  from 
which  to  the  springs  a  branch  railroad  has  been  con- 
structed by  the  owners  of  the  springs. 

Persons  visiting  this  place  leave  the  Virginia  and 
Tennessee  Railroad  at  the  Spring  Depot,  on  the  slope 
of  the  AUegiiany,  and  take  the  company's  railroad,  on 
which,  in  a  few  minutes,  they  are  conducted  to  their 
destination. 

These  springs  are  extensively  and  conveniently  im- 
proved, and  favorably  situated  for  cool  and  pleasant 
summer  residence.  The  waters,  being  distinctly  sul- 
phurous in  character,  and  withal  a  bland  and  pleasant 
beverage,  will  be  found  adapted  to  a  large  number  of 
chronic  affections  that  are  known  to  be  advantageously 
treated  by  sulphur  waters  generally.  They  are  some- 
what less  cathartic,  and  also  less  stimulant,  than  many 
sulphur  waters,  and  hence  may  be  used  with  more  free- 
dom aad  with  creater  safety  than  such  waters,  by  deli- 
cate and  excit{a>le  persons. 


'"  iLimiA'  -inmuiMii 


^lA. 


extensive 
for  five  or 


UR. 

ings  of  some- 
t.    They  are 
ghany  Moun- 
iew  miles  east 
short  distance 
lailroad,  from 
has  been  con- 
Virginia  and 
,  on  the  slope 
's  railroad,  on 
noted  to  their 

nveniently  im- 
and  pleasant 
distinctly  sul' 
d  and  pleasant 
irge  number  of 
advantageously 
rhey  are  some- 
EUit,  than  many 
with  more  free- 
nraters,  by  deli- 


> 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

Yellow  Sulphur  Springs— Pulaski  Alum  Spring— Gnjrson  Sulphur 
Springs — Holston  Springs. 

YELLOW  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

These  springs  are  pleasani'y  situated  in  an  elevated 
and  picturesque  part  of  the  county  of  Montgomery, 
and  are  surrounded  by  variegated  and  interesting 
scenery  and  a  productive  and  prosperous  agriculturtd 
countiy.  They  are  three  and  a  half  miles  from  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Christians- 
burg  D«pot,  from  which  they  may  be  reached  on  a  well- 
graded  road. 

The  spring  rises  on  the  east  side  of  the  Alleghany, 
and  not  more  than  sixty  feet  below  the  summit  level  of 
that  mountain,  and  its  waters  flow  into  the  North  fork 
of  the  Roanoke,  which  is  two  miles  distant.  In  con- 
sequence of  the  great  altitude  of  the  spring,  the  climate 
in  which  it  is  situated  is  very  salubrious,  the  air  being 
elastic,  pure,  and  invigorating  during  the  hottest  days 
of  summer.  The  water  is  clear,  transparent,  and  very 
cool,  its  temperature  being  about  55°  Fahrenheit. 

The  spring  is  very  bold,  yielding  3600  gallons  a  day, 
sufficient  to  furnish  an  abundance  of  water  for  warm 
and  tut  baths,  a  means  of  using  the  water  highly  ad- 
vantageous to  many  invalid  visitors.  In  running  over 
rough  chann^.ls,  as  well  as  on  the  bottom  and  sides  of 
the  spring  incloiore,  it  deposits  a  brownish-yellow  sedi- 
ment; a  bluish  sediment  is  also  occasionally  observed, 
supposed  to  be  z,prussiate  of  iron.  After  standing  in 
an  open  vessel  for  some  twelve  or  fifteen  hours,  it  loses 
its  styptic  taste,  becomes  flat,  and  deposits  a  small 
quantity  of  its  chaxacteristic  sediment. 

(171) 


.^sfm 


mm 


MiMMte^'' 


172  MINERAL    WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

The  improvemonts  at  the  Yellow  Sulphur  Springs 
are  very  comfortable ;  the  buildings  are  pleasantly  ar- 
ranged, and  combine  elegance  with  convenience.  Many 
of  the  rooms,  as  well  as  the  spring  and  the  pleasure- 
grounds,  are  delightfully  shadol  by  magnificent  forest 
trees. 

Under  the  name  of  "  Taylor's  Springs,"  or  "  Yellow 
Sulphur  Springs,"  this  watering-place  has  been  well 
known  and  much  visited  by  invalids,  for  nearly  seventy 
years.  As  early  as  1 8  to  it  attracted  considerable  atten- 
tion, and  had  numerous  visitors,  especially  from  East- 
em  Virginia  and  North  Carolina. 

In  1855  ^^  ^^  analyzed  by  Prof.  Gilham,  who  says 
he  finds  one  gallon  to  contain — 

Carbonate  of  lime 8.642  grains. 

Carbonate  of  magnesia i'389  " 

Carbonate  of  protoxide  of  iron 0.617  " 

Free  carbonic  acid 4.680  " 

Sulphate  of  lime.. 65.30a  " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. 31.098  " 

Sulphate  of  alumina. %t1^  " 

Sulphate  of  potash. 0.107  " 

Sulphate  of  soda. 0.750  " 

Protoxide  of  iron traces. 

Phosphate  of  lime 0.015  " 

PhosJAate  of  magnesia. _». o.oix  " 

Chloride  of  potassium ._ 0.097  " 

Chloride  of  sodium.. 0.076  " 

Organic  extractive  matter... 3*733  " 

While  this  water  is  decidedly  toiUc,  diuretic,  and  mildly 
purgative  in  its  action,  its  peculiar  composition  gives 
It  also, decided  alterative  qualities,  to  the  sanative  in- 
fluences of  which,  many  of  its  best  effects  are  to  be 
attributed. 

From  seven  to  eight  tumblers,  taken  at  intervals, 
will  usually  creat«  a  mild  cathartic  effect ;  as  a  diuretic 
it  ii  active ;  but  its  evident  range  of  usefulness  will  be 
found  in  its  valuable  tonic  and  alterative  {u-operties. 
As  a  beverage  it  lies  lightly  and  comfortably  upon  the 
stomach,  when  drunk  even  in  large  quantities.     With 


W~ 


I 


\» 


NIA. 

phur  Springs 
pleasantly  ar- 
lience.  Many 
the  pleasure- 
lificent  forest 

"  or  "Yellow 
las  been  well 
learly  seventy 
derable  atten- 
lly  from  East- 

lam,  who  says 


,    8.64a  grains. 

.    1.389  " 

.    0.617  " 

.    4.680  " 

.  65.30a  " 
,.  ai.o<,8 

..    3-»76  " 

..    0.107  " 

..  0.750  " 
„    traces. 

..    0.01S  " 

..    0.011  " 

..  0.097  " 
...  0.076  " 
...    3-733      " 

vAV,  and  mildly 
mposition  gives 
the  sanative  in- 
ffects  are  to  be 

en  at  intervals, 
ct;  a&AdiureHc 
sefulness  will  be 
iHve  properties, 
jrtably  upon  the 
iiantities.     With 


YELLOW  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


173 


many  persons,  especially  on  commencing  its  use,  it 
^casions  slight  "citation  both  of  the  phy^cal  and 
mental  system,  evidenced  by  a  flushing  of  the  face,  a 
pleasant  glow  over  the  body,  some  increase  of  the  fre- 
nuencv  of  the  pulse,  and  of  the  animal  spirits.  , 
^Saiteratl  efflcts  of  the  water  are  more  certainly 
obtained  by  taking  it  in  moderated  «7";.^^^;;.*1^; 
in  large,  quantities,  at  each  period  of  d"nK»ng '  "* 
q^aStities  that  will  not  provoke  very  decided  operations 

^''^:Zl^^r^tl^tri,v^^i^  and  promote 

^  fo1t'^tr^/-«/^ --//-«'^d-and^^ 

of  tonics,  it  is  an  efficacious  remedy,  and  has  often 

nr  di'Sr  o}- the  skin,  especially  in  the  various 
fonSs  ofW^,  it  is  said  to  display  highly  curative 

^""iToid ulcers  it  has  been  found  beneficial;  obstinate 
cais  of  many  years'  standing  have  been  succetafally 
treated  bv  the  water,  used  both  externally  and  mter- 
nalfy!  thai  tad  for  years  -ist^d  the  efforts  of  surgery. 
ll  chronic  diarrhcta  it  is  much  relied  upon  by  those 
who  have  had  most  experience  m  its  use.  Doctors 
Ed^  Wade7Black,  and  other  intelligent  physicians 
res  dinrfn  the  neighborhood  of  the  springs,  and  who 
h?ve  ofteS  prescrilSd  the  water  ii:  this  class  of  cases, 
commend  it  very  highly.  -.v  >.*«^,r  ^t^^M^- 

In  general  debility,  connec  ed  with  »'!^^^P^:f'- 
Hon,  Mid  unattended  with  serious  visceral  obstructions, 
it  will  always  be  found  a  valuable  remedy. 

Extensivrimprov  vents  are  now  m  progress  at  these 
sorinis  Tnd  a^ong  others  a  large  and  co.nmod.o«s 
SS,^which.  when  completed,  will  greatly  increase  their 
SScity  for  accommodating  company,  rs  well  as  the 
coSof  Visitors.     Such  increase  of  accommodation 


jy4        MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

had  become  a  necessity  in  consequence  of  the  immense 
visitation  to  the  place  within  the  last  five  years. 

The  altitude  of  these  spnngs.-^pwards  of  aoco  feet 
above  the  sea-level.-the  cool  and  invigorating  sum- 
:ner  climate  with  which  they  are  blessed,  and  especially 
their  well-tested  and  valuable  tome  and  aUerattveyfaXtr, 
adapted,  as  long  use  of  it  has  shown,  to  a  wide  circle 
of  diseases,  mu?t  always  render  them  a  very  jje^sant 
and  advantageous  summer  resort,  and  fully  justify  the 
enterprise  of  the  proprietors  in  making  large  additional 
impravements. 

PULASKI  ALUM  SPRING. 

This  spring  is  situated  in  the  northwest  portion  of 
the  county  of  Pulaski,  ten  miles  from  Dublin  Depot, 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Railroad. 

This  water  has  not  been  analyzed,  but  it  very  much 
resembles,  both  in  its  sensible  qualities  and  its  medi- 
dST  operations,  the  waS:er  of  the  R?ckbr.d8e  Alum 
It  enjojs  a  high  repuUtion  i"  >»«  .°«'8hborhood  m  a 
remedy  for  scrofula,  cutaneous  diseases,  and  otjer 
affectibns  for  which  the  alum  waters  of  Rockbridge 
have  become  celebrated. 

GR^^YSON  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

The  Grayson  Sulphur  Springs  are  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Blue  Ridge,  in  the  county  of  Carroll,  twenty  miles 
south  of  WytheviUe.  They  rise  on  the  banks  of  New 
B?ver,  in  the  raidst  of  scenery  remarkable  for  Us  wild- 
uess  aiid  grandeur,— in  a  region  as  salubrious  and  m- 
vieorating  as  any  in  our  country. 
These  waters  are  decidedly  sulphurous,  and  h*ve  been 
Iftnind  useful  in  dyspeptic  depravities,  and  the  various 
fehronicderangements  of  the  chylopoetic  v»scera^hm 
learliest  reputation,  which  has  been  well  raaintamed,  was 
S^the  cure  o ;  rhe m.itism.   For  all  chronic  diseases  of 


VIA, 

[the  immense 

ears. 

of  aooo  feet 
:orating  sum- 
nd  especially 
fm/rW  water, 
a  wide  circle 
very  pleasant 
lly  justify  the 
ge  additional 


!st  portion  of 
lublin  Depot, 
i'road. 

it  very  much 
and  its  medi- 
bridge  Alum, 
iborhood  as  a 
s,  and  other 
f  Rockbridge 


:;s. 

le  west  side  of 
,  twenty  miles 
banks  of  New 
le  for  its  wild- 
irious  and  in- 

and  h^ve  been 
td  the  various 
kriscera.  Their 
aintained,  was 
oic  diseases  of 


HOLSTON  SPRINGS. 


X75 


the  skin,  especially  for  salt  rheum,  herpes,  and  tetters, 
they  will  be  found  efficacious ;  for  chronic  forms  of 
liver  disease  they  are  well  adapted ',  and  I  am  informed 
by  highly  respectable  medical  authorities  that  they  have 
displayed  the  happiest  effects  in  numerous  cases  of 
amenorrhoea,  and  in  chlorotic  conditions  of  the  female 
system. 

There  is,  quite  near  the  Sulphur  Spring,  a  good 
chafybeate,  which  may  be  used  to  advantage  in  many 
cases ;  and  in  nervous  affections  and  female  diseases 
it  will  be  beneficial  to  drink  it  moderately,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  sulphur  water. 

The  Grayson  waters  have  been  analyzed  by  Professor 
Rogers.  He  shows  that  in  a  given  quantity  of  their 
solid  contents  there  are  found — 

Soda 4  grains. 

CaitxMUtte  of  magnesia '... 3  " 

Carbonate  of  Iime.» '.. 8  " 

Sulphate  of  lime. „ a  " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. 3  " 

Chloride  of  sodium a  " 

Chloride  of  calcium 3  " 

Chloride  of  magnesium „ i|  " 

Sulphate  of  soda. 4I  " 

Sulphturetted  hydrogen  jmd  carbonic  acid  abound  in 
the  water. 

HOLSTON  SPRINGS. 

The  Holston  Springs  are  in  the  county  of  Scott,  in 
the  extreme  southwestern  angle  of  the  State,  near  the 
Tennessee  line,  iorty  miles  from  Abington,  and  thirty 
east  of  Rogersville,  Tennessee.  They  are  op  the  bank 
of  the  North  fork  of  the  Holston  River,  in  a  wild  and 
romantic  region  of  country. 

One  of  these  springs  comes  within  the  thermal  range, 
being  68.5"  Fahr.,  or  about  fifteen  degrees  higher  than 
the  common  springs  of  the  surrounding  country.  Of 
the  saline  contents  of  the  water,  the  most  abundant  are 


ki<i«Mpf»4N);»nn«^Bffnmct  'j^tcKe^i^^v 


176 


MINERAL    WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


sulphates  of  time  and  magnesia,  and  the  carbonate  of 
Ume,  chloride  of  sodium,  muriate  of  alumina,  sulphate  of 
soda;  phosphate  and  su^hate  of  alumina  are  found  in 
smaller  proportions.  It  is  actively  diuretic,  and,  under 
favorable  circumstances,  determining  to  the  skin  by  mild 
diaphoresis;  with  many  it  is  mildly  purgative. 

The  water  of  the  Holston  Springs  was  analyzed  in 
1842,  by  Professor  Hayden,  who  reports  that  he  found 
one  wine  gallon  of  the  water  to  contain  41.14  grains 
of  saline  matter,  consisting  of  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia, and  carbonate  of  lime,  with  traces  of  alumina. 


KIMBERL1NG  SPRINGS. 

The  Kimberlii^  Springs  are  a  series  of  medicated 
fountains  in  the  county  of  Bland,  Virginia,  twenty-six 
miles  from  Wytheville. 

Some  of  this  group  of  springs  have  been  chemically 
examined  by  Dr.  Tuttle,  of  the  University  of  Virginia, 
with  the  following  results : 

"  The  first  water  examined  was  strongly  impregnated 

with  alum,  and  was  found  to  be  free  from  copperas  and 

other  deleterious  ingredients.  A  partial  analysis  showed 

this  water  to  contain  In  an  Imperial  gallon— 

• 

Sulphate  of  alumina. 83.069  grains. 

Sulphate  of  lime 17.514      " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. i4'OX4      " 

"The  waters  from  the  Sulphur  Springs  are  as  yet  di- 
luted by  admixture  of  fresh  water  frcai  other  springs  in 
the  immediate  vicinity.  When  access  from  these  shall' 
have  been  cut  off,  the  strength  of  the  mineral  waters 
will,  of  course,  be  increased. 

"  The  mineral  contents  of  an  Imperial  gallon  of  the 
Red  Sulphur  were  found  to  be  as  follows : 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen  (some  loss  having  occurred 

in  transportation) 1737  grains. 

SnlphateofUme 3.3169      " 

Carbonate  of  magnesia i.6a  " 

Carbonate  of  lime , 7338      " 


carbonate  qf 
,  sulphate  of 
are  found  in 
;,  and,  under 
skin  by  mild 
itive. 
i  analyzed  in 
that  he  found 
41.14  grains 
e  of  sodium, 
hate  of  mag- 
i  of  alumina. 


of  medicated 
lia,  twenty-six 

sen  chemically 
\y  of  Virginia, 

ly  impregnated 

I  copperas  and 
inalysis  showed 
on— 

..  83.069  gnint. 

~  17.SH      " 
...  14.014     •• 

8  are  as  yet  di- 
ther springs  in 
rom  these  shall' 
mineral  waters 

II  gallon  of  the 


!d 


.1737  grains. 
a.3169      " 
1. 6a 

.7838       " 


HOLSTON  SPRINGS.  177 

Chloride  of  lodium „ .4099  grains. 

Carbonate  of  loda 6.ao8       " 

>  CaiiionateofpotaHa .750      " 

Silica -0733    ■" 

Organic  matter a.x6o      " 

A  trace  of  iron. 

14.8749     " 
A  gallon  of  water  yielded,  on  er^wration,  a  red- 
au«  of. 14.607  graini. 

'*  The  Blue  Sulphur  water  was  found,  on  a  partial 
examination,  to  be  very  similar  in  composition  and  in 
strength  to  the  Red  Sulphur  water,  an  analysis  of  which 
is  given  above." 

These  waters  are  favorably  spoken  of  by  Dr.  A.  J. 
Nye  and  other  persons  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
springs,  who  have  had  some  experience  in  their  use. 


16 


CHAPtER    XXIII. 

Fauquiir  White  Sulphur  Sprlngs-BuffaloSprinp-HuguenotSpring. 
^  —New  London  Alum  Spring*. 

FAUQUIER  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

Thk  Fauauier  Whit)  Sulphur  Springs  Jttjn  tht 
CO™  of  Fauquier,  fifty-six  mile  from  Washmgton, 
and  forty  from  Fredericksburg.  . . 

AcSing  to  analysis,  the  water  «  '^P^f^J^^J  .^[* 
sulphaf,  0/ magnesia,  phosphate  <  sada  f^J*^/^' 
refted  hydrogen.  Its  temperature  is  56°  ^*Jj,*^°^* J 
ro>4»  Reaumur.  It  has  a  strong  f  P^«T'"J°5"' ^ 
the  taste  being  not  unlike  the  °d<>' "«'°8  froj^S? 
yolk  of  a  hard-boiled  egg,  is  not,  perhaps,  »*  fi«t^2 
Sreeable  to  the  palate  of  a  gourmand.  It  operates 
;SSS.Va-d  IreticaUy;  the  cuticutar  poies  be.ng 
^I^ned.  a«d  perspiration,  especially  if  the  weather  be 
w9.rm  flows  easily  and  copiously.  . 

ThisTop^rty  wasbeaStifiiUyand  extensively  im- 
proved before  the  war,  and  had  for  many  years  been  a 

nlace  o*^  large  and  fashionable  resort.  

*^  DuriagThe  war  nearly  all  the  build  ngs  were  bumed. 
but  doubtless  arrwigements  will  ere  long  .^e  made  by 
which  this  heretofore  delightfiil  Plj^fJ'"  ^ .P^^ii" 
a  condition  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  spnng-going 

public. 

■  BUFFALO  SPRINGS. 

The  Buffalo  Springs  arc  situated  in  the  county  of 
M^e^rg.  a  fe^  miles  south  of  Dan  River,  and  seven 
w^  of  the  town  of  Clarksville. 
(178) 


luguenot  Springs 


IINGS. 

s  are  in  the 
Washington, 

iregnated  with 
,  and  suiphu- 
°  Fahrenheit, 
ric  smell,  and, 
ising  from  the 
»,  at  first  very 
.  It  operates 
ar  pores  being 
;he  weather  be 

xtensively  im- 
ly  years  been  a 

js  were  burned, 
ng  be  made  by 
will  be  put  in 
le  spring-going 


,  the  county  of 
Eliver,  and  seven 


BUFFALO  SPRINGS.  179 

The  analysis  of  the  water  shows  it  to  be  a  sulphated 
chalybeate.  Its  temperature,  as  it  flows  from  the  earth, 
is  60"  Fahr.     Its  specific  gravity  is  1.058. 

The  solid  contents  obtained  by  evaporatmg  one  wine 
gallon  of  the  water  are  found  to  consist  of— 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. \  f^"' 

Stdphateoflime 'i    „ 

Sulphate  of  protoxide  of  iron •■••  »° 

Chloride  of  sodium. ~ •*'«•• 

Chloride  of  magnesium 'l^ni. 

Sulphate  of  soda. olS^mixa. 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas o.S40»o  gi»u». 

Total  of  loUd  and  gaKOUi  contentt ~.i5.940«o 

The  first  effects  produced  by  drinking  the  water  are 
a  flushed  face,  a  quickened  pulse,  and  some  gjddiness 
of  the  head.  These  symptoms  soon  pass  off,  however, 
and  are  followed  by  an  increase  of  appetite,  a  health- 
ful  Rlow  on  the  surface,  with  more  or  less  perspiration. 
Active  diuresis  sometimes  supervenes,  and  continuw  as 
long  as  the  water  is  used.  Occasionally  some  slight 
purging  takes  place  for  the  first  day  or  two,  but,  unless 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  bowels  was  P«v»o«»ly  J"; 
flamed,  or  very  irritable,  the  protracted  use  of  the  water 
is  attended  with  constipation.  ' 

The  water  is  stimulant,  and,  of  course,  contra-indi- 
cated  in  all  diseases  of  an  acute  inflammatory  charac- 
ter; as,  likewise,  in  all  cases  of  hemonrhage  of  the 
lunis,  or  acute  diseases  of  the  bronchial  t"b^-..  .^s  a 
meS  tonic,  however,  it  is  not  whol  y  in«»mi««ble  in 
chronic  affections  of  the  chest ;  but  it  .hould  never  be 
resorted  to  without  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  absence 

of  tuberculous  disease  of  that  cavity.  

The  principal  morbid  states  to  which  it  seems  tobe 
well  adapted  are  dropsical  affections,  vUeeral  tbstruc- 
turns,  protracted  intermtUntKiA  '««^'»'/«'f *' 'X2S 
iUtim  qfthe  sUn,  tfytp^po^*  convalescence  from  feven 


i8o 


MINERAL   WATERS  OP  VIRGINIA. 


of  every  grade  and  ifpt,  female  eompiainis,  and  almost 
everv  diaease  of  the  pelvic  organs  in  both  sexes. 

The  happy  blending  of  tonic  and  alterative  powers 
in  these  waters  constitutes  them  a  valuable  remedy  in 
a  comprehensive  cbus  of  cases  in  wlucli  these  two  im- 

Eortant  influences  are  demanded  for  the  restoration  of 
ealth. 

In  the  sallow  or  jaundiced  condition  of  the  skin 
common  to  denizens  of  warm  miasmatic  districts,  and 
always  connected  with  hepatic  derangements  of  some 
sort,  these  waten  will  be  used  with  excellent  success. 
In  the  milder  obstructions  of  the  liver,  spleen,  and  kid- 
neys, as  well  as  in  obstructions  in  the  lesser  gUmds  of  the 
system,  and  in  paucity  or  poverty  of  the  olood.  their 
employment  will  be  valuable.  We  nhould  look  also  for 
highly  beneficial  results  from  the  judicious  use  of  the 
waters  in  chronic  irritation  of  the  mucous  coat  of  the 
bowels,  bladder,  or  urethra,  as  well  as  in  that  wretched 
form  of  disease  technically  known  as  spermatorrheea,  a 
legitimate  and  rot  unfrequent  result  of  youthful  im- 
IMToprieties. 

riUGUENOT  SPRINGS. 

This  water. ffplac-'  '\'.  in  Powhatan  County,  seven- 
teen  miles  ai)'"  Si. '  i  lond.  It  is  near  the  centre  of 
a  tract  of  K.:-  ./-anted  by  the  British  crown  to  a  body 
of  Proter'  <,.  .c  ::fugees  driven  from  France  by  the  repeal 
of  the  eci  /  ;  ^  Nantes,  in  1685.    Hence  its  name. 

There  ure  two  springs  here,  one  mildly  su^kurous, 
iue  other  ehafybeate.  The  first  was  analyzed  by  Pro- 
fessor Rogers,  who  ascertained  that  it  contained  the 
ingrediaits  unially  found  in  the  sulphur  waters  of  the 
country,  but  in  small  proportions.  The  other  spring 
was  analyzed  by  Professor  Maupin,  who  pronounced  it 
a  mild  and  pure  ehafybeate. 

In  addition  to  these  medicated  springs,  there  is  a  well 
from  which  is  obtained  a  water  strongly  tinctured  both 
with  sulphur  and  iron.  This  is  used,  not  only  for  drink- 


^vjsff^'£feg";;'as^ 


i» 


■  iTiliiirrilillW 


"•»■ 


GINIA. 

His,  and  almost 
th  sexes. 
t/trative  powers 
lable  remedy  in 
h  these  two  iro- 
itf  restoration  of 

ion  of  the  Ain 
tic  districts,  and 
[ements  of  some 
xcellent  succew. 
spleen,  and  kid- 
sser  glands  of  the 
the  blood,  their 
>uld  look  also  for 
licious  use  of  the 
acous  coat  of  the 
» in  that  wretched 
spermatorrhaa,  a 
t  of  youthfiil  im- 


m  County,  seven- 
near  the  centre  of 
ih  crown  to  a  body 
ranee  by  the  repeal 

Lence  its  name. 

mildly  sulpkurems, 
B  analysed  by  Pro- 
it  it  contained  the 
ilphur  waters  of  the 
The  other  spnng 

who  pronounced  it 

)rings,thercisafw// 
ongly  tinctured  both 
i.notonlyfordnnk- 


m 


Wi 


;:&S%ft:W*.l^"^!S^-'^s'.^Sh.t*WE^'.^w-' 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


.m 


1.0 


■tt  Gii   12.2 


lU 


I4.C 


•y 


FhotDgraphic 

Sciences 

CorpOTalion 


^. 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

\WIISm,N.Y.  14SM 

(7U)t72-4S03 


IV 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Instituta  for  Historical  IVIicroraproductiom  /  Inttitut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  hiatoriquaa 


r  ' 


NEW  LONDON  ALUM  SPRING.  l8l 

ing,  but  for  bathing,  its  medicinal  properties  when  thus 
employed  being  considered  valuable. 

NEW  LONDON  ALUM  SPRING. 

For  a  number  of  years  it  has  been  known  that  alum 
is  ;  /onsSent  irt^f  a  rock  that  is  found  in  Urge 
SisSneS^  the  town  of  New  London,  in  the  county 
SfcSnpbell.  ten  miles  southwest  of  Lynchburg  An 
McavatSn  liade  several  years  ago  into  th"  gro*"?**' 
SnetSThS  rock,  but  with  no  view  of  obtaining 
Sim  walef  he  virtu«  of  which  were  not  then  appre- 
SaSd  hS  from  the  percolation  of  the  water  through- 
Selavera  of  rode,  afforded  an  alum  of  sufficient  purity 
S  li  S  by  the'  Sod  housewives  of  the  vicinity  for 

"  Tte  mcS'rcal^r^puUtion  acquired  within  the  last  few 
veJrJ  b^Sn^waters  of  Rockbridge,  induced  the 
Sietor  of  this  rock  to  sink  a  shaft  or  well  mto  it. 
wUh  the  hope  of  obtaining  alum  water  »« juffiaent 
;;L  ty  to  bTused  for  medicinal  purpojes^  «"  !£: 
nrise  was  crowned  with  entire  success.  On  penetrating 
SfrXa^he  depth  of  sixteen  feet,  he  came  to  sever^ 
irJSons  of  water,  famishing  a  sufficient  amount  to 
Ke  Wm  to  suspend  further  operations  and  to  «jtim 
enlace  into  the  basin,  or  spring,  ajf  J^«  "J""*! 
of  ancient  wells,  and  of  sufficient  sue  to  admit  of  eat, 

inirreai  and  egre^  to  and  from  the  fountam.        

ThTee  OT  fSrIlasses  a  day  of  this  water  will  operate 
^.n^^iSn  the?w*/rof  some  persons;  it  decidedly 
SSrotrtLlS:Sn  of  the  ki^s;  but  ts  l^jjing 
SSwSiM  is  that  of  a  generous  tonic  and  astringent  to 
rSSlfib«.  increasing  the  appetite  and  strengthen- 

^°!ttas'SSfarrei  by  Professor  Gilham  witbthe 
'°  "  A  g^r^  water  fumished  the  following  mineral 

constituents : 

16' 


j8a         MINERAL   WATERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

1  19  66a  Kiains  to  the  gal. 

Sulphate  of  roagnwla m^xA  " 

Sulphate  of  protoxide  of  Iron a3-45o 

Sulphate  of  alumina 7-»*" 

Sulphate  of  Ume "'^ 

£Slta*.2fdK^e  taV;"of /;i"ii";«>«imbined  .ulphuric  «dd. 
19.^  grains. 

Between  the  analysis  of  this  water  and  the  alum 
wateH  a!?h  and  R^Sckbridge.  wh^  reputajxan  ^d 

Captations  are  now  pretty  well  "\»^[f *f^' l^'^^'Jee 
oSmiMaritv  in  several  respects,  so  striking  as  to  inauce 
rffi'thatSy  are  sulied  to  the  same  genend  range 

°^m  Stdligent  physician,  acquainted  with  the  pecj- 
li J«:tSn  of  the  alum  waters,  and  loo^'??  ?  »^ 
SliiM  indications  afforded  by  the  analyse  of  this, 
Sn  not  fail  to  perceive  that  it  is  pointed  out  as  a 

in  tcrofHla  and  in  the  various  forms  of  saU  rh^,  as 

Ju  ^wTinvariablv  are:  while  its  good  effects  m 

StS  a"d  oaS  female'affections  unattended  with 

fffini^tion,  may  be  looked  to,  we  would  thmk,  with 

'^^jiftSSfand'other  conditions  of  the  system  de- 
sSSn[S£t-rS:^^^ 

£Sfcii:;iSS^^ 

adapted. 


NIA. 

ins  to  the  gal. 


I  sulphuric  add, 

fid  the  alum 
iputation  and 
»d,  there  is  a 
r  as  to  induce 
general  range 

«rith  the  pecu- 
toking  to  the 
ilysis  of  this, 
nted  out  as  a 
s  that  require 
found  vahiable 
salt  rheum,  as 
pod  effects  in 
lattended  with 
lid  think,  with 

the  system  de- 
I  water  may  be 
lus  and  ulcera- 
leases,  in  pro- 
be found  well 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

SPRINGS  OF  KENTUCKY.* 

HARRODSBURG  SPRINGS. 

Harrodsburg  Springs  are  situated  near  the  source 
of  Salt  River,  and  in  the  immediate  suburbs  of  the 
?own  of  SSodsburg.  They  have  been  extensively 
Ind  handsomely  improved,  and,  in  the  language  of  Dr. 
SrllJSwilUn  'this Wet  "  -m^gj^dvantageously 
with  any  to  be  found  m  America  or  Europe. 

Dr  Raymond's  analysis  shows  that  one  pnt  of  the 
water  of  the  Grenville  Spring  contains— 

,  a.87  grains. 

Caibonate  of  magneria - ^gg      .. 

Bicaibonate  of  lime..... "•"""Tv "".  i6.i6     " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  if^rpmiK^) "-^     .. 

Sulphate  of  lime  (crystallised) ^ioMt. 

Chloride  of  sodium "  _; 

30.9s      " 

One  pint  of  the  Saloon  or  Chalybeate  Spring 

contains—  o.43giaJn». 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia.- rr^      •• 

Bicaibonate  of  lime ^.^     " 

Bicarbonate  of  iron..... •":•"":;• ■"".  „,ga     " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  («y*2»"««*) ;""  ""  Yo^A     " 

Sttl^teofllme(crystalliied) *^-^     .. 

Chloride  of  sodium " IZ 

of  tbe  pro<««»on  in  America,  we  we  prmcipiuy 
knowledge  of  the  Springs  of  Kentu«*y.  (  1 83  ) 


i84 


SPRINGS  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Dr.  Raymond  could  not  detect  cither  free  carbonic 
acid  or  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas.  k-„„  „. 

The  wat?r  of  the  GrenviUe  Spring  is  the  better  am- 
acid.-that  of  Saloon  the  better  tonic.  Indeed,  small 
M  the  quantity  of  iron  is,  it  sometimes  produces  an 
SicomfJrtable^feeling  Jn  the  head  which  is  reheved 
by  drinking  at  the  other  fountain.  In  reference  to  the 
jJ^rS,  the  water  from  both  acts  upon  the  bowels, 
ktdne4  and  skin.  Beyond  these  sensible  effects,  it 
SfrJSS  Ae  whole  constitution,  and  many  elates 
KSids  very  soon  feel  a  renovation  of  appetite, 
strength,  and  cheerfulness,  although  its  primary  effects 
seem  to  be  sedative,  not  stimulant. 

Dr.  Drake  remaWs  that  "these  waters  are  very 
beneficial  in  chronic  inflammations  and  obstructions 
S  the  abdominal  viscera,  in  such  cases  of  dyspep«a 
as  are  attended  with  subacute  gastritis,  and  »" J'^oj* 
"very  kind  of  hepatic  disorder,  "^eP*  ^^«°  *!?«J'i% 
isindurated,  and  consequently  incurable.     They  are 
5mS"equaUy  beneficial  in  chronic  inSaTT'Tthi 
many  other  parts  of  the  system,  especially  of  the 
Srods  and  fibrous  membranes.     In  tonic  dropsies,  m 
rheumatism,  and  in  various  affections  of  the  penos- 
;^m  from  febrile  metastasis,  from  8yphil«.  a°d  from 
mercury,  they  have  often  effected  a  cure  when  other 
SSnrhad  fiiled."     He  also  speaks  very  favomWy 
of  their  employment  in  urinary  disorders  and  chron^ 
dLeases  of  the  skin.     He  enjoins  caution  in  their  ^ 
fn  pulmonary  complaints,  and  considers  them  hurtfal 
in  vomica,  tubercular  suppurations,  and  hepatization 
of  the  pulmonary  tissue. 

ROCHESTER  SPRING. 

Rochester  Spring  is  a  feeble  but  constant  stream, 
thS^nJ  out  about  sixty  feet  below  the  summit  of  a 
rSge  of  coarse-grained  shell  limestone.  It  so  warly 
rSfmbte  the  waters  just  described,  that  a  detailed 


free  carbonic 

he  better  ant- 

Indeed,  small 
produces  an 
ich  is  relieved 

ference  to  the 
>n  the  bowels, 
iible  effects,  it 

many  classes 
>n  of  appetite, 
primary  effects 

aters  are  very 

obstructions 

!s  of  dyspepsia 

and  in  almost 

when  the  liver 

ble.     They  are 

iflammations  of 

jccially  of  the 

nic  dropsies,  in 

of  the  perios- 

)hilis,  and  from 

ure  when  other 

very  favorably 

ers  and  chronic 

ion  in  their  use 

rs  them  hurtful 

ad  hepatization 


onstant  stream, 
:he  summit  of  a 
i.  It  so  nearly 
that  a  detailed 


OL  YMPIAN  SPRINGS.  185 

account  of  its  waters  would  be  superfluous.     It  is  one 
mile  from  Perryville  and  twelve  from  Harrodsburg. 

OLYMPIAN  SPRINGS.  . 

The  Olympian  Springs  constitute  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  noted  watering-places  in  Kentucky.  They 
are  situated  in  Bath  County,  about  fifty  miles  east  of 
Lexington,  on  the  waters  of  Licking  River,  which 
unites  with  the  Ohio  opposite  Cincinnati. 

There  are  several  springs  and  wells,  which  present 
such  differences  in  their  composition  that  of  all  the 
watering-places  of  the  West  this  has  been  supposed  to 
afford  the  greatest  variety;  but  Dr.  Drake  remarks, 
"  I  could  not  myself  detect  more  than  three  kinds, — 
t^  Salt  and Suiphur,  a  White  Sulphur,  and  a  Chafybeate." 

The  Salt  and  Sulphxhi  Well  jcontains  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  muriate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  ^a,  and 
perhaps  a  little  muriate  of  lime. 

The  White  Sulphur  Spring  is  situated  half  a  mile 
from  the  well.  This  spring  is  said  to  have  made  its 
first  appearance  during  the  earthiiuakes  of  181 1.  Its 
temperature  is  59**.  Its  compositiQn  is  ess^tially  the 
same  with  that  of  the  well  just  described,  but  the 
ingredients  of  the  two  vary  in  their  proportions.  The 
quantity  of  sulphur  is  greater  in  the  spring  than  in 
the  well;  on  the  other  hand,  the  spring  has  but  a  weak 
impregnation  of  muriate  of  soda  compared  with  the 
well.  The  proportion  of  carbonate  of  soda  is  nearly 
the  same  in  both. 

The  Chalybeate  Springs  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  situated  about  forty  yards  apart,  and  half  a  mile 
from  the  Salt  and  Sulphur  Well.  They  are  simple  car- 
bonated iron  waters. 

The  Salt  and  Sulphur  waters.  Dr.  Drake  informs  us, 


31'  [ 


,86  SPRINGS  OF  KENTUCKY. 

BLXre  LICK  SPRINGS. 
T»,t,«  T  icK  Springs— At  this  place  there  are  several 

mam  road  that  leads  irom  •«»/  .,    j^,  j^  the 

ofSJmmalhosphateofhm^^ 
TK»  cftlifi  contents  of  the  Blue  juick  w»ic»  •»»-•• 

Siid°  of  magVUmm,  which  «e  ""V"  *« /°™S 
siam  is  found  in  both. 


» Mtaenl  and  Therual  Springs,  by  Dr.  John  Ben. 


ESTILL  SPRINGS. 


«87 


e  to  eight  tum- 
retic  effects  arc 
inconsiderable. 


Here  are  several 
-the  sulphurous 
nk  of  Licking 
lio,  and  on  the 

to  Lexington, 
until  within  the 
ed  at  this  place. 
Its  by  Professor 
1  consist  of  sul- 
1;  and  its  solid 
d  magnesia,  the 
lagnesia,  the  sul- 

of  magnesium, 
t  a  small  amount 
xide  of  iron, 
rater  are  to  those 
T  more  than  nine 
;rains  of  chloride 
It;  in  the  latter, 
s  about  three  and 
second  about  ten 
jlution,  however, 
ith  of  which  are 
its  turn  the  latter 
ite  of  potash  and 
ot  in  the  former. 
[I  in  the  Blue  Lick 
Iodide  of  magne- 


The  medical  virtues  of  the  Blue  Lick  water  are  those 
oflS^^Uandareanalogousto  b^^^^^^^^ 
♦Ka«  the  Olvmoian  Spring  water.  It  acts  treeiy  as  a 
i^SJet  c  butS  occLonally  as  a  purgative.  It  may 
JSwUh^dvluge  in  neJly  all  the  chroni-d.se^ 
in  which  the  sulphur  waters  already  described  have  been 
recommended.  '^The  water  employed  as  a  bath  can  be 
veryVoperly  connected  with  its  internal  use.* 

ESTILL  SPRINGS. 

Estill  SPRINGS,  in  Estill  County,  "«  ^7°"» 
waters.     There  are  two  springs  here,  called  Whtte  and 

^The"white  Sulphur  contains  0.09  per  cent,  of  solid 
coiten^  the  Rel,  o.o4J«r  cent.,  cons«tmg  m 
cases  of  carbonates  of  soda,  lime,  and  «»«"">» '.'"^ 
Dhates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda ;.  chlorides  of  sodium, 
SlcSn.  aJd  ma^esium;  with  hydrosulphate  of  soda, 
and  a  trace  of  carbonate  of  iron.    ^ 


•  a..».^  the  Bbu  Uch  and  the  fomous  Harrogate  ^^np-j^ 

penonal  knowledge  of  both  *«»  ^'"»'  L^  ^j,^  „«  weU  idapted 
K^?5rff:?'«S£rS:^i2SS':r£.thew.t.r.ofH«r. 

lOgate  hare  been  long  celebwted. 


>r.  John  Bell. 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  OHIO  AND  INDIANA. 
OHIO  WHITE  SULPHUR. 
Ohio  WhiteSulphor.— Near  the  geographical  centre 
of  Ohio,  in  the  county  of  Delaware,  and  "°™e^;f»j;j 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Scioto,  surrounded  by  a  country 
broken   hilly,  and  beautifully  picturesque,  arises  the 
otoWmSu^hur.    The  Scioto  is  here  a  rippling 
ra?d  stream,  h»tily  flowing  and  fretting  overbeds  of 
boulder  rocks,  and  skirted,  for  many  miles  above  and 
Sw   h^  Vng,  by  slopes  or  U^  of  consjder^le 
elevation,  wfoch  gently  spread  out  into  undulatangtable- 

S,  charmingly  interspersed  with  valley  and  hdl,  and 
blLwd  with  an  atmosphere  free  from  malarious  influ- 
eJ^atJvery  period  Sf  the  year,  and  as  salubrious  as 
is  found  in  our  high  mountain  ranges.  , .  ,  .  __ 
"  Under  the  naiSe  of  Harfs  ^ing,  this  >ace  has 
been  known  for  its  mineral  waters  for  more  than  thirty 
52i.  tE  circumstance  that  led  to  its  improvement 
ksaspring  property  by  Mr.  Hart,  Us  former  proprietor, 
SlorthJ  of  nSte.  He  had  visited  the  White  Sulphur 
Springs  in  Virginia,  for  the  relief  of  a  complicaed 

VstoS  and  livlrcomplaint;  '«t«'SX°tSs '^Sn 
of  his  disease,  hu.  attention  was  called  to  this  artwian 
wlphur  founuin,  and  upon  examination  he  found  its 
SateTso  Singly  to  iSemble  those  of  the  Virginia 
Sming  as  to  induce  him  to  purchase  and  improve  it  in 
view  of  its  medicinal  value. 

The  property  was  subsequently  owned  by  Mr.  a. 
Wilson,  of  Cincinnati,  who  erected  many  new  build- 
(i88) 


SPJilNGS  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


189 


NDIANA. 


graphical  centre 
id  immediately 
ed  by  a  country 
que,  arises  the 
lere  a  rippling, 
ng  over  beds  of 
diles  above  and 
of  considerable 
ndulatin^  table- 
ey  and  hill,  and 
malarious  influ- 
as  salubrious  as 

,  this  place  has 
nore  than  thirty 
its  improvement 
rmer  proprietor, 
B  White  Sulphur 
f  a  complicated 
g  to  Ohio  cured 
1  to  this  artesian 
ion  he  found  its 
!  of  the  Virginia 
nd  improve  it  in 

Tied  by  Mr.  A. 
nany  new  build- 


ings, and  otherwise  extensively  improved  the  property. 
The  water  of  this  spring  is  sulphurous,  abounding  prin- 
cipally in  the  sulphates  of  lime  and  wa^^w,  with 
chlorides  of  the  same  salts,  and  with  some  oxtde  oftron. 
These  springs  for  a  few  years  were  extensively  visited, 
but  now,  from  some  cause  or  other,  have  ceased  to 
be  keot  as  a  public  watering-place.  In  natural  scenic 
beauty  they  are  excelled  by  but  few  of  our  watering- 
places. 

MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  ADAMS  CX)UNTY,  OHIO. 

These  springs  are  thirty  miles  from  Portsmouth,  and 
thirty-six  from  Ripley.  »i.       » 

A  qualitative  analysis  of  these  watere  shows  them  to 
contain  iao.35  pains  of  solid  matter  to  the  ga  on,  con- 
sisting of  chloride  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  chlorides  of  calcium  and  sodium,  and 
oxide  of  iron,  with  traces  of  iodine. 

These  springs  are  of  comparatively  recent  resort,  but 
have  been  used  advantageously  in  dyspeptic  depravi- 
ties, liver  complaints,  and  chronir  irritations  of  the 
abdominal  viscera  generally.  The/ have  also  been  suc- 
cessfully employed  in  disorders  of  the  kidneys,  fem^e 
obstructions,  rheumatism,  and  chronic  diseases  of  the 
skin,  as  well  as  in  dropsical  effusions. 

Thesesprings  may  beconveniently  reached  by  coaches 

from  Portsmouth,  Ripley,  or  Manchester,  on  the  Ohio 
River. 

The  Yexlow  Spring  is  in  Green  County,  two  miles 
west  of  the  Miami  River,  and  sixty-four  north  of  Cin- 
cinnati. Dr.  Drake  states  that  "it  is  a  copious  and 
constant  fountain,  that  issues  between  strata  of  arena- 
ceous limestQue,  and  thus  has  geological  chsuracters  per- 
fectly identical  with  the  Chalybeate  Springs  of  the 
Olympian  valley  in  Kentucky."  The  temijerature  of 
the  water  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  other  sprjugs  of  the 

»7 


i 


,90         SPRINGS  OF  OHIO  AND  INDIANA. 

neiKhborhood,  sa"  Fahr.  The  water  is  beautifully 
transparent,  with  a  slight  ferruginous  taste,  and  is  said 
o  xStmUt  in  its  composition  the  other  hmestone 
springs  of  the  country,  with  the  addition  of  the  car- 
bonate of  iron. 

Dr.  Drake  informs  us  "that  its  water  is  diuretic  and 
slightly  laxative,  if  it  can  be  considered  as  having  this 
effect  at  all  with  any  uniformity."  He  considers  he 
water  rather  restorative  than  curative,  and  as  such  it  is 
valuable  for  convalescents.  He  regards  ,t  as  a  pleasant 
tonic,  and  hence  valuable  in  cases  of  debility,  or  ex- 
haustion following  previous  violent  attacks,  and  in 
nervous  disorders. 

The  Westport  Spring.— It  arises  (Dr.  Bell)  "in  the 
bed  of  Deer  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Scioto  River, 
from  a  vast  bed  of  clay-slate,  which  for  many  miles 
foms  the  bed  of  the  cJeek."    It  is  a  bold  fountain, 
yielding  some  twenty  gallons  of  water  a  minute,     it 
belongs  to  the  saline  class,  and  contains  sulphate  of 
magnSia  and  iron;  the  latter  being  held  in  solution 
by  carbonic  acid,  which  gives  the  water  a  lively  and 
s4rkling  appearance  as  it  rises  to  the  s"[f«:e.    The 
Jater  is  said  to  be  mildly  cathartic.    It  wiH,  doubtless 
be  found  valuable  in  dyspepsia,  gastralgia,  and  a  numer- 
ous class  of  functional  derangements  of  the  chylopoetic 
viscera. 

FRENCH  LICK  SPRINGS,  INDIANA, 

French  Lick  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  valley  tributary 
to  thatof  Lost  River,about  the  centre  ofOrangeCounty, 

ten  miles  from  Paoli,  and  eighteen  from  Orleans,  on  the 
New  Albany  and  Chicago  Railroad.  ^ 

There  are  more  than  a  dozen  of  these,  but  all  seem 
to  be  derived  from  three  parent  springs,  which  are  situ- 
ated within  an  area  of  half  an  acre,  but  which  exhibit 
some  difference  in  constitution. 


M 


ANA. 

is  beautifully 
e,  and  is  said 
ler  limestone 
(D  of  the  car- 


is  diuretic  and 
as  having  this 
considers  the 
d  as  such  it  is 
t  as  a  pleasant 
ebility,  or  ex- 
tacks,  and  in 


Bell)  "  in  the 

Scioto  River, 
)r  many  miles 
bold  fountain, 

a  minute.  It 
ns  sulphate  of 
eld  in  solution 
;r  a  lively  and 

surface.  The 
will,  doubtless, 
1,  andanumer- 
the  chylopoetic 

lANA, 

valley  tributary 
Orange  County, 
Orleans,  on  the 

se,  but  all  seem 
,  which  are  situ- 
it  which  exhibit 


FRENCH  LICK  SPRING.  191 

Pluto's  Well,  as  it  is  termed,  is  remarkable  for  the 
production  of  a  large  volume  of  strong  sulphur  water. 
Its  constitution  is  as  follows,  according  to  the  analysis 
of  Dr.  Rogers,  of  Madison,  Indiana:— 

Prtt  Gout  in  Win*  Gallon. 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen "SS  cubic  inche*. 

Carbonic  acid *5 

Salts  in  Win*  Gallon. 

Chloride  of  sodium »40S4 g«in». 

Chloride  of  calcium S-3S  ^^ 

Sulphate  of  lime ~S9  ,, 

Sulphate  of  magnesia.. "•"  „ 

Sulphate  of  soda... ««-37  ^^ 

Carbonate  of  magnesia »-S9  ^^ 

Carbonate  of  lime /"M 

Carbonate  of  Iron  and  alumina »  '«ce.  ^^ 

Loss -^ 

Total  of  salto •• "S6<»     " 

All  these  waters  have  about  the  same  general  medicinal 
effect.  They  are  alterative  and  tonic  when  inoderately 
used  ;  in  larger  quantities  are  hydragogue  eliminators, 
acting  upon  the  bowels,  kidneys,  and  skin,  without,  how- 
ever, producing  the  irritating  effect  which  this  class 
of  agents  usually  induces  when  prepared  by  means  of 
a  pharmacy  less  perfect  than  that  of  nature.  They  are 
especially  adapted  to  the  treatment  of  diseases  of  the 
skin,  dyspepsia,  constipation,  chronic  inflammation  of 
the  various  mucous  surfaces,  scrofula,  rheumatism,  and, 
in  fine,  may  be  beneficially  used  in  all  chronic  affec- 
tions where  a  tonic  and  alterative  effect  is  rcouired. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  MICHIGAN  AND  WISCONSIN. 

was  stopped  at  the  "^P*"  °;  V"  ^  eighty  gallons  per 
flow  of  water  of  ^^^^^""'^rtfen^on  wl^  fiilt  called  to 
minute  had  been  struck.  .A«en"°?J*|  ^.^ie  strong 
the  peculiarity  of  t^«  \Ct5wnW  thi  weU,  through 

adapted.  T\„ffiAW  Professor  of  Chemistry  in 

aallon.    Specific  gravity,  ion. 

"  66.50  gn^n*- 

Sulphate  of  lime ^     6.7a  " 

Silicate  of  lirne....^ " a  trace. 

Chloride  of  Ume..... ';" ,06.40  " 

Bicaibonatc  of  soda •* g^,^  •• 

Bicarbonate  of  lime...... *"   ^^^^    ,^,50  " 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia ,  ,<,  » 

Bicarbonate  of  iron '"'^ a.B8  " 

Silica  free. •••• .'.'.....«..»      a.00    " 

Organic  matter  and  loss '^      . _ 

.       ^  a7a.6o    " 

Total  constituents 

(19a) 


WISCONSIN. 

n  artesian  well, 
ite  of  Michigan, 
ng  for  salt,  and 
ed  feet,  when  a 
hty  gallons  per 
IS  first  called  to 
ving  the  strong 
le  well,  through 
that  this  tubing 
f  iron  and  steel. 
I  the  trench  that 
it  was  found  that 
wo  by  the  action 
tion  to  the  water 
ae,  and  to  an  ex- 
as  supposed  to  be 

of  Chemistry  in 
d  this  water,  and 
»d  on  the  Imperial 

66.50  gr^ns. 

6.7a    " 

a  trace. 

X06.40    " 

69.40  ;; 

»7.S0 

i.ao     " 

' 3.88     •' 

...,...-  a-oo 

373.60    " 


SPRINGS  OF  MICHIGAN  AND   WISCONSIN.     193 

194.63  grains. 

Bicarbonates •• • g.ai     " 

Free  carbonic  acid  In  gallon traces. 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen 37060     " 

Total  mineral  in  one  gaUon »79~ 

Asreeardsthe  raAV«a&of  the  magneticstate  ofthisand 
other  sSar  waters  said  to  exist  in  the  same  geological 
Sistric  it  may  be  observed  that  they  are  all  the  result  of 
fSnborin%oftheeartbforconsiderabled«tances,m 

S?ch  oS^hese  wells  are  situated  along  the  ".argins 
S The  grtat  salt  and  gypsum  belts,  whose  waters  hold 
Srgely  in  solution  the  salts  of  lime  and  sodium     It  is 
well  known  by  those  who  work  in  salt  wells,  and  to  all 
r/JlA?r?hat  when  the  earth  is  penetrated  to  any 
c2Si  able  depth  by  boring,  and  iron  tubing  is  intro- 
duced iSo  the  depth!  saline  waters  flowing  through  the 
Sng  wSl  possei  in  a  greater  or  less  deg^e  «>™f 
SSvV  allied  eUctncal  acHon.    It  «  caused  by  /^r- 
burial  f^^eHsm,  which  is  imparted  to  Ae  "on  tuW 
and  from  U  to  the  water  flowing  tj'rough  /he^^^ 
And  thus  the  water  becomes  the  conductor  of  terrestrial 

"'Sf  Ser  is  strongly  alkaline,  and  as  such  will 
p  Jve  vaSe\o  a  «umeU  cl^  of  ch«»n  c  disor^^^^ 
Lh  as  rheumatism,  kidney,  b^ad<*"' ^^X^^^t^^^^ 
that  are  known  to  be  ^<^^^^\'^^^^^^:S^^^. 
this  class.     But  it  may  well  be  doubted  wnemcr  m^ 
Ssm  or  electricity  can  impart  to  water  m.W^'' 
agency  and  cause  the  molecular  chan^^s  to  be  of  ajer- 
7aneniZure.    Such  results  cannot  Ij^demon^^^^ 
and  there  is  nothing  m  all  ^^^^'^l^^.^^^l^^^^^Z 
to  show  how  such  permanent  e^^^f  .^^  S^t 
nlUhed  bv  such  agency.    Hence  it  is  difficult*  witnoui 
S  eSire  chang?^in  existing  pathological  and  thera- 
*^u"c'vTewTtoVrceive  the  raHo^^J^^^^^^^^-, 
Riirh  ajrencv  the  various  cures  said  to  have  been  eneciea 
by  thifwatW while  the  admitted  efficacy  of  its  thera- 
peutic  salts  is  overlooked  or  forgotten. 


m: 


n>.iiiiniiiiiiiw^iiti,ii'iiii'  -~ 


194 


SPRINGS^  IN  mSCONSIN. 


SPRINGS  IN  WISCONSIN. 

BETHESDA  is  a  stroDg  alkaUne  spring  !J*^ently  brought 
into  notice  as  a  therapeutic  agent,  «  the  tow^  of  Wau 
kesha  eiehteen  miles  distant  from  Milwaukee. 
^tS;  Swing  is  the  analysis  of  this  spnng.  m^e 
by  Prof.  C.  F.  Chandler,  of  Columbia  College,  New 

^°In  *^e  U.  S.  or  wine  gallon,  of  as'  cubic  inches, 
there  are— 

,     .,  ,„ i.i6o  grains. 

Chloride  of  sodium » p.-.     .. 

Sulphate  of  potassa. ^g.,  •< 

Sulphate  of  sodium "^  „  j,,,  .. 

Bicaitionate  of  lime...... ia.388  " 

Bicartwnate  of  magnesia... •      ^'  „ 

Bicarixmateofiron "    ,,,5  •< 

Bicarixmate  of  soda. ^    ^  ,,^5,. 

Phoqdiate  of  soda '       o,,,  « 

Alumina "       ©.y^i  "  • 

Silica T  083  " 

Oynte  matter "*        ^^ 

Tbtal 3S7IO     " 

This  water  has  been  used  with  marked  and  excellent 
•ffS  i^nuLerous  cases  of  diabetes,  and  in  chrofaic 
Stions  of  theliSys  and  bladder.  Its  judiaous 
Se  wUl  doubtlSs  be  found  valuable  in  curing  various 
Sdney  depravities,  and  in  coirecting  uric  acid  pre- 
dominance in  the  blood,  that  often  lead  to  the  form- 
Son  oTikJks.  Some  m^^ical  men  who  have  prescribed 

??hS  decidedly  curative  in  Bt^ht^.^^ 
v;^n»v«  That  its  use  would  be  valuable  in  tne  eariy 
^S^of  tli?formwffle  disease,  before  positive  degen- 
SSSn  of  the  kidneys  takes  place,  is  very  probable. 
?K,°ts  efficacy  ii  the  early  stages  of  aldumnuna 
has  been  satisfactorily  shown  from  Its  use. 

\ 


jcently  brought 

e  town  of  Wau- 

raukee. 

s  spring,  made 

I  College,  New 

I  cubic  inches, 


3S-7W> 


ted  and  excellent 
,  and  in  chrohic 
•r.    Its  judicious 
in  curing  various 
ig  uric  acid  pre- 
ead  to  the  forma- 
iio  have  prescribed 
ht'sxlisease  of  the 
liable  in  the  early 
)re  positive  degen- 
is  very  probabte. 
es  of  albuminuria 
suse.    . 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

MINBRAL  SWUNGS  OF  TENNESSEE. 

Warn  Spring  on  the  French  Broad. 

Thk  same  great  Appalachian  chain  of  mountains  that 

7  5  JfSnHffh  VirSma  and  West  Virginia,  and  affords 

extends  through  ^*'8'n»*^        .     j^  »|      ..  continues 

Tennessee  from  Middle  Tenn<^. 
'^ItfTenSTthi.  nng.  of  mooBtains  i.  on  th.  lin. 

«fknoi^  fb  Scistf  But  as  yet  in  Tennj««^  few  of 


196 


SPRINGS  OF  TENNESSEE. 


these  springs  have  been  improved  and  made  places 
of  resort  for  the  invalid,  or  the  general  public;  nor 
have  they  yet,  as  a  general  thing,  made  out  a  satisfac- 
tory record  of  their  precise  quality  or  medicinal  appli- 
cabilities. ^  .  ,  .  J  -.^^ 
The  saUne  and  sulphurous  and  the  {orbonated  tron 
waters  are  those  most  frequently  met  with  in  this  Stote. 
I  proceed  to  mention  those  that  have  been  introduced 
to  public  notice  as  places  of  valetudinary  or  pleasure 
resorts. 

White's  Creek  Spring  is  twelve  miles  from  Nash- 
ville. It  is  held  in  high  estimation  by  many,  and  is 
considerably  resorted  to.  It  contains  sulphur,  trm,  and 
magnesia,  the  former ittlarge  proportion.  In  cutaneous 
disorders  and  calculous  affections  it  has  been  much 
praised  for  its  curative  powers. 

Robertson's  Springs  belong  to  the  class  of  saline 
waters.    They  are  twenty  miles  from  Nashville. 

Winchester  Springs  are  four  miles  from  the  pleasant 
town  of  Winchester,  in  Franklin  County,  on  the  Nash- 
ville and  Chattanooga  Railroad,  seventy  miles  from 
Nashville,  and  fifty  from  Chattanooga. 

There  are  here,  in  close  proximity,  four  different 
springs,— Red  and  White  Sulphur,  Chalybeate,  and 
h-eestone.  These  springs  enjoy  considerable  celebrity 
and  patronage,  and  are  well  worthy  of  attention  as  a 
place  of  both  healthful  and  pleasurable  resort. 

In  the  same  neighborhood,  and  but  /<wr  miles  dis- 
tant, other  springs  have  been  discovered,  called  Alli- 
soNA  Springs.  They  resemble  the  Winchester  Sprmgs 
in  quality,  and  promise  to  be  of  equal  medicinal  value. 

Bbersheba  Springs  are  on  the  summit  of  one  ot 
the  spurs  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain,  in  the  county 
of  Grundy,  about  twelve  miles  northeast  from  McMinns- 


d  made  places 
al  public;  nor 
t  out  a  satisfac- 
ledicinal  appli- 

tarbonated  iron 
th  in  this  Sute. 
leen  introduced 
,ary  or  pleasure 


iles  from  Nash- 
y  many,  and  is 
.ipkur,  iron,  and 
a.  In  cutatuous 
has  been  much 


e  class  of  saline 
Tashville. 

rom  the  pleasant 
ty,  on  the  Nash- 
;nty  miles  from 

r,  four  different 
:halybeate,  and 
lerable  celebrity 
>f  attention  as  a 
e  resort. 

t  four  miles  dis- 
ed,  called  Alli- 
nchester  Springs 
medicinal  value. 

immit  of  one  ot 
in,  in  the  county 
It  from  McMinns- 


:4.^>^ft 


PS 


w^ 


MONTVALE  SPRINGS. 


197 


,ilte    The,ha«comeWon«i««..wt.rtag-pb« 
„  .  vduaWe  tonic  •'«?"'"!;^,fo„,  „d  conTenitBtly 

mer  is  always  select,  ««8*"5^      f  4^,^  waters  and  the 
the  north  md  *' »'"  J'^JS^'pHtteuUrly  of  the 

four  miles,  south  of  KnoxvUic.  mcy 

Mii'«*  class.         r  .!,-«.  waters,  by  Professor  Mitchell, 

*rjrisj°i'SSirs:'«.?.onorw««_ 


=di^ 


CUofide  of  sodium. 

Sulphate  of  magneria 

Sulphate  of  Ume 

SuUhate  of  soda- ' 

CartJonateof  lime ' 

Caibonate  of  iron.... 





(»••••••••••' 


1.96 

la.oo 
74.ai 

X3.a6 
a.40 


igB 


SPRINGS  OF  TENNESSEE. 


They  also  show  traces  of  potash  and  organic  matter, 
.with  an  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 

The  Montvale  are  valuable  waters,  and  very  favor- 
ably represent  the  class  to  which  they  belong.  In 
many  of  the  dyspeptic  depravities,  and  generally  in  the 
chronic  disorders  of  the  abdominal  and  pelvic  viscera, 
they  are  used  with  great  success. 

They  enjoy  considerable  reputation  in  the  cure  of 
chronic  diarrhaa,  a  disease  very  common  and  very 
fatal  in  our  extreme  Southern  latitudes.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1854  the  author  spent  several  weeks  at  Mont- 
vale, and  witnessed  the  operation  of  its  waters  in  quite 
a  number  of  cases  of  this  disease.  In  those  in  which 
it  was  used  in  quantities  but  slightly  provocative  of 
increased  operations  from  the  bowels,  and  in  which  a 
guarded  forbearance  in  diet  and  general  living  was 
observed,  it  proved  eminently  useful,  and  especially  in 
cases  connected  with  and  kept  up  by  depraved  biliary 
secretions;  while,  on  the  other  hand,  those  who  used 
the  water  in  full  purgative  doses  derived  no  benefit, 
and  some  were  injured.  The  best  article  in  the  Mate- 
ria Medica  may  be  so  misused  as  to  render  it  inert  or 
injurious,  and  the  invalid  at  this  or  at  any  of  the  mineral 
springs  should  remember  that  it  is  not,  as  many  seem 
to  suppose,  to  drink  and  be  healed,  but  so  to  drink  as  to 
secure  the  proper  and  sanative  eflfects  of  the  agent.* 

The  waters  of  the  Montvale  more  resemble  those  of 
the  AlU^ny  Springs  in  Virginia  than  any  other  with 
which  I  can  compare  them. 

Tate's  Springs  are  in  the  county  of  Granger.  They 
are  saline  waters,  and  are  very  like  those  of  Montvale, 
but  hold  in  solution  a  larger  amount  of  iron. 

Leb's  Springs  are  twenty  miles  east  of  Knoxville. 


•  See  account  of  Montvah  brings,  by  J.  J-  Moonnan,  M.D.,  pub- 
Uthed  is  XSSS* 


:.TSaSK?79**S* 


E. 

>rganic  matter, 

nd  very  favor- 
y  belong.  In 
;enerally  in  the 
pelvic  viscera, 

in  the  cure  of 
mon  and  very 
;.  In  the  sum- 
reeks  at  Moht- 
waters  in  quite 
those  in  which 
provocative  of 
und  in  which  a 
eral  living  was 
id  especially  in 
epraved  biliary 
those  who  used 
red  no  benefit, 
le  in  the  Mate- 
nder  it  inert  or 
Y  of  the  mineral 
,  as  many  seem 
ro  to  drink  as  to 
f  the  agent.* 
semble  those  of 
any  other  with 


jranger.  They 
se  of  MontvaU, 
'  iron. 

t  of  -Knoxville. 


sonnan,  M.D.,  pub- 


ALUM  SPRINGS—WARM  SPRING.    ' 

There  are  here  two  sulphur  springs  a^d  a  Ma^J«^'^ 
sorinK.  The  sulphurs  are  good  waters  of  »>»"' ^J^  • 
Se  chalybeate  is  pure  and  strong,  and  superior  to  many 

nrthi  iown^of  Rutledge,  in  ^ran^e^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

Xhur^^ter.  abounding  in  red  and  white  deposits. 

AtuM  Spr.ngs.-I  have  e^mined  the  waters  from 
^r^nlum  sbrine  found  near  Rogersville,  m  HawKins 
CountyTwffcompare  ^vorably  with  any  alum  waters 
that  are  known. 

Warm  SpRiNO.-On  the  French  Broad  River,  near 
the'^Ch  cSolina  line,  there  »  *  war»  spring  of 
-  Fahr.  issuing  from  the  bank  of  the  river. 


/■• 


1 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

SPRINGS  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

NOKTH  Cmouna  is  not  renwrUWe  16t-|»toend 

*'?XioTs,2Sh'°ob,:a:i  *^  following  «»!«  from 
analyzing  three  quarts  of  the  water  :— 

Muriate  of  Ume  and  magneria - J  „ 

Sulphate  of  magnesJa v "    j^j  •. 

Sulphate  of  lime __    ,,,5  " 

Insoluble  residue •""  ^^^    ,     .  «< 

Lou ' 

ay.io  " 

£qual  to  4.66  grains  in  a  pint 
This  water  lies  lightly  upon  the  stomach,  and  is 

As  a  *flM,  these  waters  have  a  wide  and  appropriate 
appuibll?;    The  bath  of  94»  will  very  generally  be 
(  200  ) 


NA. 

pring—Jonoi' White 
Springs. 

bk  for  "mineral 

BE.-^The8ether- 
ik  of  the  French 
that  in  times  of 
I  waters, 
and  vary  in  tem-. 

wing  results  from 


,    4     grains. 

.    a.oS     " 
~    1         " 

87.10      " 


I  stomach,  and  is 
of  three  quarts,  or 
y.  In  such  doses, 
a  when  first  used, 
any  active  effect. 

de  and  appropriate 
1  very  generally  be 


SPRINGS  OF  BUNCOMBE.  aoi 

Ire  revolutionary  remedies,  Jjd  to  be  J^^^  J  ;„„. 
successfully  must  l«  u^d  with  w««^  ^','^^i,i,,  ,„d 
They  are  unsuited  to  persons  '"  "J"'  .  A,,     „j.gd  to 

upon  obstinate  obstructions  and  loss  oi  vascu  « 
nervous  energy. 
An  able  writer  upon  baths  *d°p\*^„\J°"!r'g 

wSJn  ie  sjeak  generally  of  the  temperature  of  baths .- 

Crnn  ..  ^1°  to   6o"»  Fahr. 

1.  The  cold  bath «ro™ go  ^   -jo"  " 

a.  The  cool  bath....... „   "...  75"  to   85°  " 

3.  The  temperate  bath ,,   go  ^  ^a"  " 

4.  The  tepid  bath ..   ,""..  ga"  to  98'  " 

5.  The  warm  bath „   "••         ...  oS"  to  iia"  " 

6.  Thehotbath " 

chievous  error,  therefore,  >*.^"^,  *".",_  j  Ji,pctinK  the 
confounding  a  warn  with  ihot  bath,  and  directing 

18 


,0,  SPRINGS  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

contrast  with  each  o»»>«' '     "  "**y  "'  bath  and  the  hot 

tic»l  on.  in  the  I'M'™",  "'is  MCTrto  b.  nMd 

ssSyii  a'«°"r.ra^;n\ceisUb..  c.„. 

tion  and  discernment. 

SHOCCO  Si-mosare situated  ninemilesfr^^^^^^ 

ton.  in  Warren  County     J^y^^SrZ^«^.  formerly 
saline  water.    My  valuea  J"*;"^  '^       , ,    ;^^^^  aperient 

wlpU  ..ten  a,. «»°»»'' P"»f."Kl  .nd  comfortable 
J!S:?bi;  ITSin?.;  a"S:.:od«e  ro„hnnd,«i 
persons. 

TANKS'  White  Sulphur  and  Chalybeate  Springs 
jSed'S  five  miles  ^-m  Shocco  and  ^^^^ 
from  Warrenton ;  they  are  "nP'^ved  ^^  t^^.  J^J^*"^^^^ 

,„»  i,  heldin  solurtonby  ~;*J»'^^','!,.S',„SS^'or 
comidra  >'  >"  """"'■ 'Tii.an  -nfeebled  babit, 


J*' 


"^■dH 


i^tiMttm»i^M^^^SH«°^' 


NA. 

ertible  terms 
;ing  in  direct 
J  indicate  the 
h  and  the  hot 
teful  hygienic 
e  use  of  with 
IS  a  therapeu- 
hereas  the  hot 
nt  to  be  used 
tsiderable  cau- 

1  from  Warren- 
lild  sulphurous 
ward,  formerly 
mildly  aperient 
,  few  days'  use, 
arc  advantage- 
for  which  mild 

ind  comfortable 
le  four  hundred 


YBEATE  SFRINGS 

ceo,  and  eleven 

)r  the  accommo- 

ifty  visitors,  and 

at  the  height  of 

•ous  saline  water, 
c  derangements, 

nous  water;  the 
id.  Dr.  Howard 
"well  suited  for 
enfeebled  habit, 
;n  deprived  of  its 


IVH/rE  SVLPin^fi  SPRINGS. 


903 


imiJortant  element  by  malarious  fevers,  and  in  chloro 
sis,  amenorrhoea,"  etc. 

v.a-r«FiL's  Springs.— Immediately  on  the  railroad 
from  wSiSn  tlSgh.  in  the  county  of  Granv.Ue 
irhalfamilefromthevill^^^^^^^^^ 

KTr^Setuen  ye'a^.Sr;et  therS  is  but  lUtle 
oniy  lor  "'^  ""  .up'niace  for  the  accommodation  ot 
"?*'^.nr  The  wa\er  of  S^  springs  Im  acquired  con- 
SeSie  ileal  reputation  for 'the  ^ure  of  various  dis- 
c«S  and>rticularly  for  scrofulous  affections. 
ThemSal  examinations  have  ascertained  that  the 
waS  S5s  ?r^lution  iron,  magnesia,  lime,  alum, 

"°Th.S^KSrare  probably  destined  to  acquire  a 

resort. 
The  White  Sulphur  Springs,  in  Catawba  County, 

a  v..rv  salubrious  and  healthy  climate.  .    .        «« 

In  SionTo  the  sulphlr  waters  there  is  here  an 

,^c.\^Tlyl>eate  sprii,  that  has  been  long  used  to 

%Sr  strrglTan-^rcTvrnt^  reached  by  the 
disTanTvSan?by  making  Salisbury  a  pomt  m  the 
travel  from  the  north,  south,  or  east. 


m 


Ms-'' 
ill 


IIW 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 

SPRINGS  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Glenn's— West's— Springs  in  Abbeville  and  Laurens  Districts,  etc.— 
Chick's— Williamstown  Springs— Artesian  Well  in  Charleston. 

Glenn's  Springs,  in  Spartansburg  District,  have  con- 
siderable notoriety  for  their  medicinal  virtues. 

Professor  Shepard,  of  Charleston,  states  that  the 
waters  of  these  springs  are  strongly  impregnated  with 
sulphur,  and  that  they  also  contain  traces  of  sulphate 
of  magnesia,  with  sulphate,  percarbonate,  and  chloride 
of  lime. 

These  springs  are  much  resorted  to  by  the  people  of 
the  lower  country.  Their  situation  is  pleasant,  salu- 
brious, and  healthful,  and  their  waters  are  highly 
esteemed  by  many,  particularly  in  dyspeptic  affections. 

In  the  same  district,  and  a  few  miles  above  the  village 
of  Spartansburg,  there  is  a  spring  which  is  soinewhat 
resorted  to,  and  has  acquired  some  local  reputation. 

West's  Spring  is  in  the  neighborhood  of  GlentCs. 
It  is  a  chalybeate  of  good  promise. 

Chafybeate  springs  are  found  in  various  parts  of  the 
State,  particularly  in  Abbeville  and  Laurens  Districts. 
In  Laurens  three  or  four  chalybeate  and  sulphur  foun- 
tains are  known,  that  arise  in  the  slate  and  hornblende 
formations  that  exist  between  the  Ennoree  and  the 
Saluda,  that  are  worthy  of  public  attention. 

I  am  indebted  to  the  late  Professor  S.  H.  Dickson  for 
the  information  that  the  springs  most  visited  in  South 
(  ao4  ) 


mvi' 


attuflmwaiiiiifyi 


wms^m 


CHARLESTON  ARTESIAN  WELL. 


aos 


XIX. 

:x/aioLiNA. 

ad  Laurens  Districts,  etc. — 
sian  Well  in  Charleston. 

lurg  District,  have  con- 
icinal  virtues, 
eston,  states  that  the 
igly  impregnated  with 
ain  traces  of  sulphate 
irbonate,  and  chloride 

ed  to  by  the  people  of 
Ltion  is  pleasant,  salu- 
iir  waters  are  highly 
n  dyspeptic  affections, 
miles  above  the  village 
Qg  which  is  somewhat 
me  local  reputation. 

;hborhood  of  Gletm's. 

se. 

in  various  parts  of  the 

va.6.  Laurens  Districts. 

eate  and  sulphur  foun- 

e  slate  and  hornblende 

the  Ennoree  and  the 

c  attention. 

Bssor  S.  H.  Dickson  for 

i  most  visited  in  South 


Carolina  are  Chick's  Springs,  in  Greenville  District,  on 
the  Ennoree  River,  just  below  the  mountains,  and  Wil- 
Uamstown  Springs,  between  Anderson  and  Greenville. 

Chick's  Springs  are  two  in  number.  One  is  slightly 
sulphurous,  and  is  used  for  hepatic  and  intestinal  affec> 
tions  and  cutaneous  disorders.  The  other  is  a  mild 
chalybeate,  and  is  employed  as  a  tonic. 

The  WiLLiAMSTOWN  Springs  have  never  been  ana- 
lyzed, so  far  as  I  know.  They  are  supposed  to  be  both 
tonic  and  alterative. 

Charleston  Artesian  Well. — ^The  water  obtained 
from  this  well  has  acquired  some  reputation  as  a  reme- 
dial agent.  An  analysis  of  this  water  shows  that  one 
gallon  contains  nearly  the  third  of  an  ounce  of  solid 
matter.  Half  of  this  is  common  salt,  and  three-quarters 
of  the  remainder  are  carbonate  of  soda.  It  has  also 
traces  of  potash,  bromide  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime, 
borate  of  soda,  silica,  and  fluorine.  It  has  been  much 
used  in  Charleston,  and  many  aflirm  that  it  relieves 
various  derangements  of  the  stomach  and  bowels.  The 
late  Professor  Dickson  informed  me  that  horses  are  ex- 
tremely fond  of  it,  and  that  it  is  believed  to  act  upon 
them  beneficially,  in  promoting  their  ready  fattening, 
and  giving  them  a  smooth  and  glossy  coat.  This 
water  is  exported  in  bottles  and  sold  in  considerable 
quantities  in  the  Northern  cities. 


i8* 


r 


CHAPTER  XXX. 


ilk 


SPRINGS  OF  GEORGIA. 

Indian— Madison— Warm  Springs— Gordon's— Catoosa  Springs. 

The  Indian  Springs,  in  the  county  of  Butts,  are  sul- 
phurous waters^  and  are  considerably  visited  and  much 
relied  upon  as  remedial  agents.  They  have  been  used 
with  excellent  effect  in  chronic  rheumatism,  and  for 
various  diseases  of  the  liver  and  stomach. 

The  Madison  Springs  have  long  been  regarded  as  a 
pure  and  excellent  chalybeate.  They  are  found  in  the 
county  of  Madison,  and  are  much  visited  by  those  who 
desire  the  use  of  iron  tonics; 

The  Warm  Springs  are  in  the  county  of  Merriwether. 
Their  temperature  is  95*.  They  have  acquired  con- 
siderable reputation  for  the  cure  of  rheumatism,  gout, 
and  other  chronic  affections  for  which  such  waters  are 
commonly  employed. 

They  are  all  situated  in  pleasant  and  salubrious  dis- 
tricts, and  so  far  elevated  above  the  sea-board  as  to 
secure  them  against  malarial  influences. 

Professor  Richard  D.  Arnold,  of  Savannah,  in  a  com- 
munication to  Dr.  Bell,  thus  speaks  of  this  and  the  In- 
dian Spring  waters: — 

"You  have  chalybeate  springs  in  abundance  at  the 
North,  but  I  doubt  very  much  if  any  two  springs  can 
anywhere  be  found  combining  such  decided  medicinal 
qualities  as  the  Indian  and  the  Merriwether  Warm 
springs.  They  are  also  of  very  easy  access  from  the 
(  ao6  ) 


mmmmmmtmsmtttrnm 


mmmmamm 


d 


/' 


ex. 

GIA. 

Ion's— Catoosa  Springs. 

inty  of  Butts,  are  sul- 
bly  visited  and  much 
They  have  been  used 
rheumatism,  and  for 
omach. 

g  been  regarded  as  a 

'hey  are  found  in  the 

visited  by  those  who 


GORDON'S  SPRINGS.— CATOOSA  SPRINGS.     207 

North.  One  of  our  fine  sea-steamers  would  land  a 
patient  at  our  wharves  in  sixty  hours  from  New  York, 
and  our  railroad  would  convey  him  to  within  sixteen 
miles  of  the  Indian  Springs  and  about  fifty  of  the  Warm 
Springs.  The  former  would  be  reached  withm  four 
and  a  half  days  of  travel  from  New  York,  and  the  latter 
within  five  and  a  half  days." 

Gordon's  Springs,  in  the  county  of  Murray,  and 
Rowland's  Springs,  in  the  county  of  Cass,  are  cha- 
lybeates,  and,  within  the  last  few  years,  are  said  to  be 
attracting  some  attention  from  invalids. 

Catoosa  Springs  are  in  the  county  of  Catoosa,  in 
the  extreme  western  part  of  the  State.  They  have  not 
been  analyzed,  but  are  regarded  as  a  saline  chalybeate. 
They  have  been  improved  for  the  accommodation  of 
several  hundred  persons,  and  are  nauch  visited  during 
the  watering-season. 


mnty  of  Merriwether. 

}  have  acquired  con- 

of  rheumatism,  gout, 

rhich  such  waters  are 

t  and  salubrious  dis- 

!  the  sea-board  as  to 

ences. 

f  Savannah,  in  a  com- 

ks  of  this  and  the  In- 

in  abundance  at  the 
'  any  two  springs  can 
ch  decided  medicinal 

Merriwether  Warm 
easy  access  from  the 


M I II—  riMaJA^BiatMMMittiJI 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 


SPRINGS    OF    ALABAMA.  i 

Bladen  Springs— Bailey's  Spring— Tallahatta  Springs. 

Alabama  has  several  springs  of  decidedly  marked 
properties,  the  most  noted  of  which  is — 

Bladen  Springs,  in  the  county  of  Clarke.  These 
springs  are  within  three  miles  of  the  Tombecbee  River, 
eighty-five  from  Mobile,  and  seven  from  CofTeeville. 
The  country  surrounding  them  is  broken  and  hilly, 
with  a  forest  growth  of  pine,  hickory,  oak,  etc.,  and 
is  well  supplied  with  wholesome  water. 

The  accommodations  at  the  springs  are  sufficient  for- 
several  hundred  visitors. 

Six  fountains,  differing  slightly  from  each  other, 
issue  from  the  earth  within  a  small  compass,  furnishing 
an  abundant  supply  of  water. 

Professor  Brumby,  of  the  University  of  Alabama, 
has  analyzed  the  Bladen  waters,*  and  from  a  wine  pint 
obtained  the  following  results:— 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen,  quantity  not  ascertained. 

Canonic  acid  gas. 4-075   cubic  inches. 

Chloride  of  sodium...., 0.9635 

Oxide  of  iron 0.0300 

Sulphate  of  lime. 0.0019 

Crenic  aid_ 0.0913 

htOi 0.0400 

Carbonate  of  soda. 4.1113 


•  We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Bell's  work  on  "  Mineral  and  Thermal, 
^rings'*  for  many  lacts  in  reference  to  the  springs  of  the  extreme 
Sotttbem  States. 

(ao8) 


wiiiitiMiaMiii«i».;a 


XI. 


BAMA. 


rallahatta  Springs. 

f  decidedly  marked 

:h  is — 

y  of  Clarke.     These 

le  Tombecbee  River, 

en  from  Coffeeville. 

i  broken  and  hilly, 

ckory,  oak,  etc.,  and 

ater. 

ings  are  sufficient  for- 

y  from  each  other, 
I  compass,  furnishing 

iversity  of  Alabama, 
amd  from  a  wine  pint 


BAILEY'S  SPRING.  209 

Carbonate  of  lime 0.3437  cubic  Inches. 

Carbonate  of  magnesia. 0.1706         ^_ 

SUica  of  alumina o-»3*         „ 

Apocrenic  acid 0.0750 

The  relatively  large  amount  of  carbonate  of  soda, 
with  free  carbonic  acid,  in  this  spring,  classes  it  among 
the  acidulous  waters.  ,     ,        ,         j 

In  various  affections  of  the  stomach,  bowels,  and 
kidneys,  as  well  as  in  chronic  rheumatism  and  diseases 
of  the  skin,  the  Bladen  waters  would  prove  valuable. 

Bailey's  Spring  is  in  Lauderdale  County,  nine  miles 
from  Florence,  and  fourteen  from  Tuscumbia.  The 
water  is  cool,  transparent,  and  essentially  tasteless. 

It  has  been  chemically  examined  by  Dr.  Curry,  of 
Knoxville,  and  is  shown  to  contain  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen, carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  soda  and  magnesia, 
oxide  of  iron  in  union  with  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of 
potash,  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

The  composition  of  this  water  shows  that  it  would 
prove  valuable  in  the  various  functional  disorders  of  the 
abdominal  and  pelvic  organs,  in  mercurial  diseases,  and 
generally  in  chronic  affections  of  the  skin,  as  well  as  in 
rheumatism  and  gout. 

Besides  the  springs  before  noticed,  the  Tallahatta 
Springs  are  much  visited  by  persons  in  that  part  of  the 
State.  These  waters  are  said  to  contain  sulphur,  mag- 
nesia, lime,  and  the  salts  of  iron. 


iiiained. 

....  4.075   cubic  inches. 

....  0.9695 

1 

....  0.0300 

....  0.0019 

....  0.091a 

....  0.0400 

....  4.1113         '■ 

on  "  Mineral  and  Thermal 
be  springs  of  the  extreme 


^smrn^'' 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 


SPRINGS    or    MISSISSIPPI. 
Cooper's  Well— Ocean  Springs. 

Cooper's  Well  is  the  most  noted  mineral  fountain 
in  Mississippi ;  it  is  in  the  county  of  Hinds,  twelve 
miles  west  of  Jackson,  and  four  from  Raymond,  the 
shire  town  of  the  county,  and  near  the  Jackson  Rail- 
road. 

The  water  rises  in  an  artesian  well,  one  hundred  and 
seven  feet  deep,  through  solid  sandstone  rock.  The 
surrounding  country  is  broken  and  diversified,  and  is 
thought  to  be  dry  and  salubrious.  The  water  of  this 
well  IS  an  active  saline  chalybeate. 

An  analysis  of  one  gallon  of  the  water,  by  Dr.  J. 
Lawrence  Smith,  gives  in  gaseous  contents : — 

Oxygen -  6.5  cubic  inches. 

Nitrogen 4S         \\ 

Carbonic  add 4-° 

Solid  contents : — 

Sulphate  of  soda. n-TOS  gr^ns. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. 33.380  " 

Sulphate  of  Ume sa^Sa  " 

Sulphate  of  potash 0.608  " 

Sulphate  of  alumina. 6.iao  ' 

Chloride  of  sodium 8.360  " 

Chloride  of  calcium A-i**  " 

Chloride  of  magnesium 3.4B0  " 

Peroxide  of  iron 3-36a  " 

Crenate  of  lime 0.311  " 

Cienate  of  siUca. i.8ot  " 

10S.47J      " 

(aio) 


XII. 

ISSIPFI. 
Springs. 

>ted  mineral  fountain 

ity  of  Hinds,  twelve 

from  Raymond,  the 

ear  the  Jackson  Rail- 

rell,  one  hundred  and 
andstone  rock.  The 
tid  diversified,  and  is 
I.     The  water  of  this 

the  water,  by  Dr.  J. 
1  contents : — 

..........  6.5  cubic  inches. 

4-5 

4.0         " 

, 1Z.70S  grains. 

„  23.080      " 

38.139      " 

0.608      " 

6.190         " 

8.360  " 

4-3aa  " 

3.480  " 

3-36a  " 

0.311  " 

1.801  " 

ios.47»      " 


COOPER'S  WELL.  ail 

The  deposit  obtained  by  evaporating  the  water  con- 
tains in  one  hundred  and  five  grains — 

Water 38  grains. 

Clilorideoflime «     ". 

Sulpliate  of  lime »S     ^^ 

Peroxide  of  iron »S 

This  water  is  said  to  lose  none  of  its  qualities  by 
being  kept  from  the  fountain. 

The  water  of  Cooper's  Well  enjoys  a  high  reputation 
in  dyspepsia  and  the  various  intestinal  diseases  of  long 
standing;  in  liver  complaints,  chronic  inflammation 
of  the  bladder,  in  dropsy,  and  especially  in  (hronic 
diarrhcea.  Its  analysis  shows  that  it  is  a  medicinal 
agent  of  very  decided  powers. 

Dr.  Foster's  case,  as  reported  by  Dr.  I,  M.  Sims,  of 
Montgomery,  Alabama,  is  very  remarkable.  It  was  a 
chronic  diarrhoea  in  its  worst  form,  emaciation  extreme, 
skin  dry,  eyes  sunken,  expression  so  ghastly  as  to  cause 
a  lady  to  faint  at  sight  of  him,  small  and  feeble  pulse, 
frequent  and  copious  dejections  from  the  bowels.  Dr. 
F.  commenced  by  taking  a  wineglassful  of  the  water 
four  times  during  the  day,  gradually  increasing  the 
amount  until  he  drank  a  pint  m  the  course  of  the  day. 
In  eight  weeks  he  was  cured,  and  returned  home  a  well 
man. 

The  medical  properties  of  this  water  are  cathartic  or 
aperient,  accordmg  to  the  quantity  taken.  It  also  exerts 
diuretic,  sudorific,  tonic,  and  alterative  influences  upon 
the  system.  As  an  alterative,  its  influence  upon  the 
blood  and  upon  diseased  organs  and  tissues  is  especially 
worthy  of  notice.  The  efficacy  of  the  water  in  various 
diseases  usually  unmanageable  in  the  hands  of  physi- 
cians commends  it  to  the  attention  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession; while  the  promptness  and  certainty  of  its 
action  entitle  it  to  the  hopeful  consideration  of  the 
invalid. 

To  the  various  diseases  of  th^  abdominal  and  pelvic 


,,S  SPRINGS  OF  MISSISSIPPI. 

regions  this  water  is  well  adapted.  Among  these,  dis- 
eases of  the  biliary  organs  unattended  with  obstinate 
obstructions,  dyspeptic  depravities,  and  chronic  diar- 
rhoea, are  treated  by  it  with  great  success. 

While  as  a  remedy  in  that  scourge  of  the  South, 
chronic  diarrhoea,  this  water  may  be  looked  to  gener- 
ally with  great  hope,  a  careful  discrimination  is  never- 
theless necessary  in  using  it  in  such  cases,  for,  if  the 
diarrhoea  be  connected  with,  or  dependent  upon,  a 
diseased  condition  of  the  lungs,  it  would  prove  posi- 
tively injurious,  and  hasten  a  fatal  tendency. 

The  Ocean  Springs  are  situated  in  the  pine  hills  of 

Jackson  County,  five  miles  from  the  town  of  Biloxi, 
Alfa  mile  from  Biloxi  Bay,  and  near  Fort  Bayou. 
One  gallon  of  this  water  has  in  gaseous  contents— 

CMi)onlcacid.„ 4.63«graiM. 

Solphttretted  hydrogen. ''•4»» 

In'solid  contents — 

Chloride  of  sodltun ^'^'^^i^ 

Chloride  of  calcium. S.™*     „ 

Chloride  of  magnesia. 4-9«9     ,, 

Protoxide  of  iron 4-7ia 

With  tratu  of  iodine,  organic  matter,  chloride  of  potassium,  and 
alumina. 

Dr.  Bell,  in  quoting  Dr.  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  remarks 
that  the  iron  is  doubtless  in  combination  with  both  the 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid  gases;  the 
excess  of  carbonic  acid  holding  both  these  combina- 
tions in  solution.  »>  t»  n 
Dr.  Austin,  of  New  Orleans,  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Bell, 
states  that  striking  cures  have  been  wrought  by  these 
waters  in  many  chronic  diseases ;  among  them  are  af- 
fections of  the  skin,  scrofula,  dyspepsia,  and  strumous 

ophthalmia.  ,  ,    u  *u 

The  Ocean  Springs  are  very  easy  of  approach  both 
from  New  Orleans  and  Mobile,  being  about  ninety  miles 
distant  from  both  places. 


Wk 


mm 


.-jfm^e^SU- 


'SSIPPI. 

Among  these,  dis- 
inded  with  obstinate 
IS,  and  chronic  diar- 
success. 
ourge  of  the  South, 

be  looked  to  gener- 
tcrimination  is  nevcr- 
uch  cases,  for,  if  the 

dependent  upon,  a 
it  would  prove  posi- 
1  tendency. 

id  in  the  pine  hills  of 
the  town  of  Biloxi, 

near  Fort  Bayou, 
gaseous  contents — 

4.63a  grains. 

0.481     " 

47-770  grains. 

3.88a     " 

4989     •• 

4.7W     " 

chloride  of  potassium,  and 

rrence  Smith,  remarks 

}ination  with  both  the 

ionic  acid  gases;  the 

both  these  combina- 

n  a  letter  to  Dr.  Bell, 
leen  wrought  by  these 
;  among  them  are  af- 
spepsia,  and  strumous 

sasy  of  approach  both 
ting  about  ninety  miles 


CHAPTER    XXXIII. 

SPRINGS  OF  ARKANSAS  AND  FLORIDA. 

The  Hot  Springs  of  Arkansas,  commonly  known 
as  the  Washita  Springs,  are  among  the  most  remark- 
able thermal  fountains  in  the  world. 

They  are  located  in  Hot  Springs  Count:^'  latitude 
34"  5',  longitude  16**  1',  about  fifty-five  miles  south- 
west from  Little  Rock,  Hot  Spring  Valley  runs  due 
north  and  south  between  the  two  spurs  of  the  Ozark 
Mountains,  through  which  a  bold  creek  heads  its  way 
over  an  almost  unbroken  bed  of  slate,  emptying  into 
the  Ouachita  River,  about  five  miles  distant. 

Hot  Springs  Mountain  lies  on  the  east  of  the  valley, 
from  the  west  side  of  which  gush  the  Hot  Springs, 
rising  upwards  of  two  hundred  feet  from  the  level  of 
the  valley,  and  from  the  very  base,  and  many  from  the 
bottom  of  the  creek;  the  valley  is  about  three  hundred 
feet  wide,  and  eight  hundred  yards  in  length.  Fifty- 
four  hot  springs  have  been  tested  in  temperature,  whilst 
many  at  the  bottom  of  the  creek,  and  under  the  ledges, 
cannot  be,  except  with  too  great  labor.  About' 350 
gallons  of  hot  water  are  discharged  into  the  creek  per 
minute  from  said  fifty-four  springs,  which  affords  the 
enormotis  yield  of  504,000  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours; 
The  largest  spring  discharges  60  gallons  of  hot  water 
per  minute,  at  a  temperature  of  1 48°,  and  will  cook  eggs 
in  fifteen  minutes.  There  is  only  one  hot  spring  on 
the  west  side  of  the  creek,  called  the  alum,  and  im- 
mediately opposite,  on  the  east  side,  one  of  sulphur, 
though  very  slightly  impregnated  with  either.    There 

19  (ai3) 


™'*:  wwW^lBtos^JSJ 


ai4 


SPJt/JVtJS  OF  ARKANSAS. 


are  only  four  cold-water  springs  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Hot  Springs,  viz. :  one  chalybeate  70°  temperature, 
south  end  of  valley,  two  freestone  70°  temperature, 
north  end,  and  one  chalybeate  69°,  quarter-mile  north- 
east. There  are  two  wells  in  the  valley  about  twenty 
feet  deep,  70"  temperature.  Water  boils  on  the  sum- 
mit of  Hot  Spring  Mountain  at  208" :  scant  five  hun- 
dred and  twenty  feet  elevation  for  each  degree  less 
812"*,  fjives  nearly  twenty-one  hundred  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.  In  Hot  Springs  Valley  water  boils  at 
209",  which  makes  Hot  Springs  Mountain  five  hundred 
and  sixty  feet  above  the  valley. 

On  the  summit  of  the  mountain  are  heavy  pme  and 
oak  timber,  abounding  with  clusters  of  grapevines, 
huge  masses  of  quartz  rock, -apparently  upheaved  by 
some  convulsion  of  nature;  immediately  below  the 
summit,  sharp-cornered  broken  'i  aney-comb  rocks,  with 
sparkling  surfaces;  still  lower,  a  heavy  undergrowth  of 
pines  and  other  trees,  and  fn>m  thence,  where  the  Hot 
Springs  flow  to  the  base,  calceraous  tufa. 

These  springs  vary  in  temperature  from  100'  to  148 
Fahr.  These  results  were  arrived  at  by  testing  them  at 
three  diflerent  hours  of  the  day,  viz.,  between  four  and 
six  o'clock  A.M.,  at  twelve  m.,  and  between  four  and 
six  P.M.  There  is  no  perceptible  difference  in  the 
temperature  tested  at  these  several  periods. 

The  vapor  ictks  that  have  been  constructed  here 
stand  at  112°,  Jie  douche,  a  spirit  bath,  at  120",  and 
the  saving  bath  at  ii6»,  the  two  latter  varying  slightly, 
from  the  negligence  of  the  attendants. 

The  anafysis,  by  Dr.  Owen,  of  what  is  termed  the 
Rector  House  Well,  shows  it  to  contain  bicarbonates 
of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron,  subcarbonates  of  magnesia, 
iron,  and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphates  of 
soda  and  magnesia  in  small  quantities. 

The  medicinal  effect  of  this  water,  internally  used, 
is  slightly  aperient,  antacid,  and  tonic. 

It  has  been  observed  by  Dr.  Owen  that  all  the  springs. 


AJVSjIS. 

in  the  vicinity  of  the 
ate  70°  temperature, 
me  70°  temperature, 
",  quarter-mile  north- 
B  valley  about  twenty 
ter  boils  on  the  sum- 
108°  :  scant  five  hun- 
for  each  degree  less 
indred  feet  above  the 
1  Valley  water  boils  at 
fountain  five  hundred 

n  are  heavy  pine  and 
jsters  of  grapevines, 
parently  upheaved  by 
^mediately  below  the 
aney-comb  rocks,  with 
heavy  undergrowth  of 
ihence,  where  the  Hot 
}us  tufa. 

ture  from  100*  to  148" 
i  at  by  testing  them  at 
viz.,  between  four  and 
ind  between  four  and 
ible  difference  in  the 
al  periods. 

teen  constructed  here 
rit  bath,  at  xao",  and 
latter  varying  slightly, 
dants. 

of  what  is  termed  the 
>  contain  bicarbonates 
arbonates  of  magnesia, 
[ium,  and  sulphates  of 
itities. 

water,  internally  used, 
tonic. 
ven  that  all  the  springs. 


HOT  SPRINGS. 


aiS 


wells,  and  water-courses  of  this  region  of  country  par- 
take of  some  mineral  impregnation  in  a  greater  or  less 
degree. 

A  heavy  fog  continually  hangs  over  these  springs, 
and  upon  the  sides  of  the  mountains,  giving  the  neigh- 
borhood the  appearance,  at  a  little  distance,  of  a  num- 
ber of  furnaces  in  active  operation. 

The  water  is,  essentially,  tasteless,  very  clear,  pure, 
and  transparent,  and  does  not  deposit  sediment  by 
standing. 

Near  the  edges  of  the  springs  is  found  luxuriously 
growing  a  species  of  green  alga,  which  seems  to  de- 
light in  these  natural  hotbeds,  while  the  sides  of  the 
mountain  are  covered  with  luxuriant  vines,  continually 
watered  by  the  condensation  of  the  vapor  from  the 
springs. 

Mr.  Featherstonehaugh,  in  his  "  Geological  Report  of 
1835,"  remarks  that  the  lofty  ridges  around  these  springs 
consist  of  old  red  sandstone-  formation.  Upon  the 
eastern  ridge  are  found  fragments  of  the  rock,  often 
ferruginous,  with  conglomerate  united  by  ferruginous 
cement.  Upon  the  side  of  this  ridge  is  found  trav- 
ertin, deposited  by  the  mineral  waters,  extending  the 
distance  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards,  resting  upon 
the  old  red  sandstone,  presenting,  sometimes,  abrupt 
escarpments  of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet. 

Dr.  G.  W.  Lawrence,  a  gentleman  eminent  in  the 
profession,  and  who  for  many  years  has  resided  as  a 
practitioner  at  these  springs,  has  kindly  favored  me 
with  a  communication  upon  their  therapeutic  character, 
from  which  I  make  the  following  extracts:— 

"  As  a  stimulant,  when  taken  internally,  it  arouses  the 
aAsorien/SMd  secreting^stem,  stimulates  the  hamic glands, 
produces  more  rapid  metamorphosis,  and '  alieranf  action 
is  the  result.-  The  water  is  easily  assimilated  and  brought 
rapidly  into  the  circulatingsystem ;  thus  producing,  when 
elaborated,  active  elinUnative  agency.  Thus  we  have 
all  the  blood-making  organs  aroused  by  the  pure,  taste- 


9l6 


SPRINGS  OF  ARA'ANSAS. 


leM,  inodorous,  natural  stimulant,  through  the  medium 
of  the  blood.  It  rapidly  courses  every  part  of  the  cir- 
culation, and  if  no  organic  disease  exists,  the  efficacy,  as 
an  adjunct,  in  the  treatment  of  all  blood  diseases,  is  some- 
times truly  marvelous. 

'•  In  uterine  diseases,  as  a  class,  these  waters  are  un- 
rivaled in  efficacy.  In  that  tedious  form  of  chronic 
mttritit  where  ulcerative  action  ensues,  and  neuralpa 
and  functional  difficulties  follow,  no  agency  can  be 
made  more  valuable  to  the  sufferer. 

♦•  Where  sterility  is  alone  functional,  the  causes  can 
generally  be  relieved  by  the  judicious  use  (internally 
and  externally)  of  the  waters.    Cutaneous  diseases, 
the  opprobrium  generally  of  the  medical  profession, 
especially  when  of  a  specific  type,  are  treated  here  with 
the  greatest  advantages,— not  only  from  the  agreeable 
detergent  action  of  the  baths,  or  the  maceration  of  old 
morbid  surface-tissues  that  are  cleansed,  but  in  the  treat- 
ment of  all  skin-diseases,  where  we  find  integumentary 
alterations  or  lesions  existing,  the  natural  tepid,  warm, 
and  hot  baths  in  efficiency  cannot  be  excelled.     In  all 
rheumahc  condiHons  of  the  system,  after  the  acute  or  in- 
flammatory action  subsides,  the  thermal  waters  enjoy 
great  celebrity  for  their  good  qualities  and  curative 
properties.     In  the  treatment  of  gout  and  gouty  rheu- 
matism, the  waters  have  like  reputation  in  controlhng 
the  *  diathesis,'  if  persistently  used  as  directed.     As 
remedial  adjuncts  in  the  treatment  of  scrofula,  sypMlis, 
mercurio-^hilis,  mercurial  diseases,  and  climatic  (ma- 
larial) ills,  where  prompt '  depurativ^  and  *  eHminattve 
agency  is  demanded,  these  waters  have  no  superior,  in 
fact  stand  unrivaled,  in  combined  properties,  for  that 
agency.     In  all  diseases  of  the  brain  or  lesions  of  the 
spinal  marrow,  these  waters  are  positively  injurious. 
Experience,  with  careful  circumsjjection,  satisfies  me 
that  the  waters  should  not  be  used  in  filepsy^  except  it 
is  purely  of  functional  origin.     Females  should  avoid, 
if  possible,  the  treatment  of  chronic  dise«ae«  during 


13 


4NSAS. 

through  the  mediiitn 
every  part  of  thecir- 
exists,  the  efficacy,  as 
lood  diseases,  is  some- 

,  these  waters  are  un- 

ious  form  of  chronic 

:n8ues,  and  neuralgia 

r,  no  agency  can  be 

r. 

'ona/,  the  causes  can 

icious  use  (internally 

Cutaneous  dise^es, 
;  medical  profession, 
are  treated  here  with 
ly  from  the  agreeable 
the  maceration  of  old 
msed.butinthetreat- 
we  find  integumentary 

natural  tepid,  warm, 
t  be  excelled.  In  all 
,  after  the  acute  or  in- 
thermal  waters  enjoy 
lualities  and  curative 
r  gout  and  gouty  rheu- 
nitation  in  controlling 
ised  as  directed,  t^ 
It  of  screfula,  s^hilis, 
tses,  and  cA'matic  {ma- 
%tiv^  and  'eliminativf 
■8  have  no  superior,  in 
ed  properties,  for  that 
brain  or  lesions  of  the 
re  positively  injurious, 
nspection,  satisfies  me 
id  in  epilepsy,  except  it 
Females  should  avoid, 
hronic  diseaaes  during 


SPRINGS  Oh  FLORIDA. 


•17 


pregnancy,  as  unpleasant  results  are  very  apt  to  follow 
general  bathing. 

"Ill  all  diseases  of  the  lungs,  or  bronchial  tubes, 
«■////  ut  specific  origin,  all  natural  thermal  waters  are 
untl  sirable,  as  they  oppress  respiration  by  stimulating 
circulatory  action,  and  cause  an  afflux  of  blood  to  the 
bronchial  surfaces.  In  organic  diseases  of  the  heart, 
thermal  waters  (either  natural  or  artificial)  should  not 
be  used." 

About  three  miles  from  the  Hot  Springs  there  is  a 
chalybeate  spring,  which  is  said  to  be  of  very  fine  quality. 

In  Montgomery  County,  forty  miles  from  the  Hot 
Springs,  is  a  spring  known  as  "Bill  Iron's  Salt  Sul- 
phur," which  is  said  to  possess  highly  exhilarating  prop- 
erties, so  much  so  as  to  produce  the  peculiar  symptoms 
of  incipient  intoxication. 

SPRINGS  OF  FLORIDA. 

There  are  light  sulphurous  waters  in  various  parts  of 
Florida,  but  none  have  become  places  of  large  visita- 
tion. Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the  Sulphur 
Spring  near  Tampa.  It  arises  from  a  bed  of  limestone. 
The  water  is  remarkably  clear  and  transparent,  and 
forms  a  basin  at  its  source  eighteen  feet  deep. 

There  are  several  springs  on  the  St.  John's  and 
Suwanee  Rivers,  known  as  the  Magnolia,  the  Walake, 
and  the  Enterprise  Springs, — all  sulphurous. 

At  the  Magnolia,  a  sanatarium  has  been  established 
for  the  reception  of  invalids  who  may  wish  to  spend 
the  winter  in  that  climate. 

We  are  told,  by  a  writer  in  the  Floridian  journal, 
that  Florida  greatly  abounds  in  mineral  waters,  and 
that  their  solid  contents  consist  generally  of  the  sul- 
phates of  lime,  soda,  and  magnesia,  with  oxide  of  iron ; 
their  gaseous  contents  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  car- 
bonic acid,  and  nitrogen  gases.  But  too  little,  as  yet, 
is  known  of  these  springs  to  determine  with  certainty 
their  relative  or  positive  merits. 

19* 


r 


I'll  '' 

I 


CHAPTER    XXXIV. 

MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Santosa  and  Ballston  Group— Classification  of  Waters— Geological 
Position— Thermaliiation  of  Waters— Analysis  of  Various  Springs, 
etc 

Next  to  Virginia,  New  York  is  more  distinguished 
for  the  number  and  variety  of  her  mineral  springs  than 
any  State  of  the  Union.  With  less  variety  in  the  com- 
piMition  of  her  waters  than  Virginia,  she  neverthelera 
possesses  some  o*"  very  high  medicinal  character,  and 
that  have  more  largely  attracted  public  attention  than 
any  other  waters  in  America.  I  allude,  of  course,  to 
the  distinguished  group  known  as  the  Saratoga  and 
Ballston  Springs.  This  entire  group  possesses  essentially 
the  same  properties  and  virtues;  the  difference  between 
the  several  springs  consisting  merely  in  the  proportions 
of  their  relative  gaseous  and  saline  contents. 

The  famous  series  of  springs  at  Saratoga  comprise 
.  the  several  springs  known  as  Congress,  Ptttnam,.  Pavil- 
ion, High  Rock,  Iodine,  Flat  Retk,  Hamilton,  Colum- 
bian,  JVashington,   Empire,  Saratoga  Ahm,  Geyser, 
Star,  Halthom,  Excelsior,  Seltur,  and  Red  Spring. 

The  village  of  Ballston  Spa  lies  about  seven  miles 
southwest  from  Saratoga.  The  large  resort  to  this 
place,  on  account  of  its  mineral  springs,  makes  it,  like 
Saratoga,  a  place  of  considerable  notoriety. 

The  mineral  springs  of  Ballston  comprise  the  Sans 
Soiui,  Low's  Park;  the  New  and  the  Old  Washington 
Sprifigs,  and  the  Sulphur  Spring. 

The  waters  of  Ballston,  with  the  exception  of  the 
("8) 


SARATOGA  AND  BALLSTON. 


219 


av. 

EW  YORK. 

)n  of  Waters— Geological 
lalysis  of  Various  Springs, 

more  distinguished 
mineral  springs  than 
s  variety  in  the  com- 
nia,  she  nevertheless 
icinal  character,  and 
public  attention  than 
allude,  of  course,  to 
as  the  Saratoga  atui 
p  possesses  essentially 
le  difference  between 
sly  in  the  proportions 
;  contents. 

t  Saratoga  comprise 
ress,  PtOnamy  Pavil- 
:k,  Hamilton,  Cohm- 
ttoga  Alum,  Geyser, 
;  dXiA  Hed  Spring. 
es  about  seven  miles 

large  resort  to  this 
prings,  makes  it,  like 
notoriety. 
m  comprise  the  Sans 

the  Old  Washington 

the  exception  of  the 


Sulphur  Spring,  evidently  belong  to  the  same  class  with 
those  of  the  Saratoga  group.  And  although  they  do 
not  contain  quite  so  large  a  proportion  of  saline  quali- 
ties as  some  of  the  Saratoga  fountains,  they  are,  never- 
theless, entitled  to  rank  high  among  the  acidulous 
chalybeate  waters  of  our  country. 

In  classifying  the  Saratoga  and  Ballston  springs,  we 
may  well  regard  them  as  acidulo  saline  or  carbonated 
saline  waters.  Their  large  amount  of  carbonic  acid 
gas  and  of  carbonates,  with  their  heavy  impregnation 
with  chloride  of  sodium,  distinctly  assigns  them  to  this 

clflss 

The  great  Appalachian  chain  of  geological  upheav- 
ings,  extending  through  Virginia  and  West  Virginia, 
and  furnishing  such  an  extensive  series  of  thermal  and 
medicated  waters,  is  probably  on  the  same  or  a  parallel 
axis  with  that  which  gives  the  famous  waters  of  Saratoga 
and  Ballston. 

The  fact  that  the  various,  springs  of  Saratoga  and 
Ballston  hold  in  solution  essentially  the  same  ingre- 
dients, and  differ  from  each  other  only  in  the  quantity 
of  ingredients  common  to  all,  goes  to  show  that  they 
derive  their  distinctive  qualities  from  one  common 
source,  but  are  modified  to  some  extent  in  their  pas- 
sage to  the  surface  of  the  earth  by  the  peculiar  character 
of  the  different  strata  through  which  they  have  passed, 

"  If,"  says  Dr.  Bell,*  "  we  admit  the  correctness  of 
Dr.  Daubeny's  observation,  that  the  temperature  of  the 
water  of  the  Congress  spring  at  Saratoga,  51°  Fahr.,  is 
three  or  four  degrees  above  the  mean  temperature  of 
the  earth  at  this  place,  we  can  give  credence  to  the 
opinion  of  the  thermal  origin  of  the  water,  and  of  the 
mode  of  extrication  of  the  carbonic  acid  so  largely 
found;  it  being  brought  about  by  subterranean  heat 
acting  on  limestone  rocks.  The  first  process  would 
consist  of  the  junction  of  carbonic  acid  coming  through 


r,  ™^rr-«.I,'  "•  ^. 


aao 


SPXINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


the  clefts  and  small  canals,  with  the  meteoric  water 
which  had  reached  its  greatest  depth  and  was  begin- 
ning to  rise  in  larger  canals.  The  second  process 
would  be  the  decomposition  and  solution  of  portions 
of  certain  rocks,  and  the  formation  of  acidulous  springs, 
rich  in  carbonic  acid  and  carbonates.  The  same  heat 
which  would  drive  off  carbonic  acid  from  limestone 
would  readily  raise  the  temperature  of  the  meteoric 
water  which  finds  its  way  into  the  interior  of  the  earth, 
and  we  should  then  have  thermal — ^warm  and  hot — 
springs.  Reasoning  in  this  way,  we  can  easily  adopt 
the  views  of  those  who  maintain  that  carbonated  and 
thermal  springs  are  similar  in  their  mineral,  and  still 
more  in  their  geological,  position,  and  seem  to  be 
plainly  referable  to  the  same  system  of  causes." 

Admitting  the  correctness  of  the  supposition  that 
subterranean  heat  may  be  sufficient  to  eliminate  car- 
bonic acid  from  limestone,  and  so  to  heat  meteoric 
water  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth  as  to  return  it  to  the 
surface  in  the  form  of  hot  and  warm  springs,  a  question 
for  the  curious  still  remains  to  be  mooted.  Is  this  sub- 
terranean heat  volcanic,  and  consequently  local,  or  is 
it  from  the  great  "central  heat"  of  the  earth,  con- 
tended for  by  Mr.  Daubeny  and  others?  Many  geo- 
logical appearances  in  the  regions  in  which  we  find 
thermal  waters,  not  to  mention  the  extensive  upheav- 
ings  and  displacement  of  strata  generally  found  in  the 
neighborhood  of  such  springs,  lend  some  countenance 
to  the  volcanic  origin  of  such  waters.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  theory  of  the  central  heat  of  the  earth,  which 
alleges  that  the  earth's  heat  increases  about  one  degree 
for  every  hundred  feet  we  descend  in  it,  while  it  has 
been  occasionally  sustained  by  deep  artesian  borings, 
has,  on  the  other  hand,  been  so  often  refuted  by  such 
borings,  that  it  seems  unsafe,  in  the  absence  of  more 
conclusive  proof,  to  adopt  it  as  a  fixed  and  well-de- 
termined fact. 


/ 


YORK. 


SARATOGA  SPRINGS. 


331 


the  meteoric  water 
!pth  and  was  begin- 
rhe  second  process 
solution  of  portions 
of  acidulous  springs, 
ites.  The  same  heat 
acid  from  limestone 
ure  of  the  meteoric 
interior  of  the  earth, 
il — ^warm  and  hot — 
we  can  easily  adopt 
that  carbonated  and 
ir  mineral,  and  still 
tn,  and  seem  to  be 
m  of  causes." 
the  supposition  that 
nt  to  eliminate  ear- 
so  to  heat  meteoric 
IS  to  return  it  to  the 
0)  springs,  a  question 
aooted.  Is  this  sub- 
lequently  local,  or  is 
'  of  the  earth,  con- 
others?  Many  geo- 
is  in  which  we  find 
le  extensive  upheav- 
merally  found  in  the 
d  some  countenance 
iters.  On  the  other 
It  of  the  earth,  which 
ses  about  one  degree 
A  in  it,  while  it  has 
tep  artesian  borings, 
)ften  refuted  by  such 
the  absence  of  more 
a  fixed  and  well-de- 


CONGRESS    SPRING. 
The  following  is  the  analysis  of  the  Congress  water, 

as  made  by  Dr.  Steel : —  •        o 

He  states  that  the  temperature  of  the  water  is  50  . 

Dr.  Daubeny  marks  it  at  51°  Fahr. 
Both  its  temperature  and  quantity  are  said  to  be  the 

same  at  all  seasons. 
One  gallon  of  the  water  yields- 
Chloride  of  sodtam 3850 

Hydriodate  of  sodiU • 3"5. 

Carbonate  of  soda -    . 

Bicaibonate  of  soda ''•9"» 

Carbonate  of  magnesia. „.-«« 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia ^'iS 

Carbonate  of  lime 9«09» 

Carbonate  of  iron S-yS 

gjIJQji ,.., **5 

Hydrobroroateofpotassa -  **'*°*- 

597-943 

Gaseous  contents : — 

Carbonic  add... 3"  cubic  inches. 

Atmospheric  «dr. •      7 

318    " 

Dr.  Chilton's  examination  of  this  water,  as  given  by 
Dr.  North,  differs  stimewhat  from  the  above.  He  found 
a  minute  portion  of  alum,  sulphate  of  soda,  iodide  of 
sodium,  and  bromide  of  potassium,  to  the  amount  of 
5.930  grains  tc  the  gallon  of  water.  According  to  his 
estimates,  the  solid  and  gaseous  contents  of  the  water 
in  one  gallon  are  as  follows : — 

Solid  contente "-.  543-998  B™*"*- 

Carbonic  acid "84-65  cubic  inphes. 

Atmospheric  idr 5-4* 

090.06     "        " 

Iodine  was  first  discovered  in  these  waters  in  1838, 
and  was  announced  in  the  American  Journal  of  Science 


/ 


PC 


■IRll 


tia 


SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


in  1829.     In  1830,  Mr.  A.  A.  Hays  detected  bromine 
r  and  potash  in  the  water.     The  quantity  of  these  ingre- 
dients is,  however,  very  small,  and  to  detect  them  with 
certainty  it  is  necessary  to  operate  on  a  large  quantity. 

Putnam  Spring.— This  spring,  bearing  the  name  of 
its  proprietor,  is  regarded  as  the  richest  chalybeate  in 
the  Sanitoffa  group.  It  is  reported  as  containing  seven 
grains  of  the  carbonate  of  iron  to  the  gallon,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  salts  common  to  it  and  the  other  springs. 
This,  comparatively,  is  a  heavy  chalybeate  impregna- 
tion. The  famous  Pyrmont  ^rit^,  in  Westphalia,  which 
enjoys,  perhaps,  the  largest  European  reputation  as  an 
iron  tonic,  contains,  agreeably  to  the  analysis  of  M. 
Westram,  but  8^  grains  of  iron  to  the  gallon;  while 
the  celebrated  Pmhon,  at  Spa,  in  Belgium,  little  if  any 
less  distinguished  as  a  chalybeate  tonic,  contains  but 
5.24  grains  of  iron  to  the  gallon,  according  to  the 
analysis  of  the  celebrated  Bergmann. 

Pavilion  Spring ^The  saline  contents  of  the  water 

of  this  spring  are  less  than  those  of  the  Congress,  being 
311.71  grains  in  the  gallon.  It,  however,  exceeds  the 
Mter  in  the  proportion  of  its  carbonic  acid,  of  which 
it  has  350.05  cubic  inches  to  the  gallon.  This  spring 
is  near  the  Columbian  Hotel,  and  not  &r  from  the 
centre  of  the  town. 

Union  Spring.— By  Dr.  Chilton's  analysis,  the  water 
of  this  spring  is  shown  to  contain  393.907  grains  of 
solid  contents  in  the  gallon.  Its  amount  of  carbonic 
acid  is  somewhat  less  than  is  found  in  the  Pavilion, 
being  .344. 16  cubic  inches  in  the  gallon  of  water.  This 
spring  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town,  and  not  far 
from  the  road  leading  to  Schuylerville. 

High  Rock.— This  spring,  with  its  conical  indosure 
of  emUareous  ^a,  evidently  the  deposit  of  its  own 


mummm 


■m 


YORK. 

)rs  detected  bromine 
ntity  of  these  ingre- 
to  de'iect  them  with 
on  a  large  quantity. 

bearing  the  name  of 
ichest  chalybeate  in 

as  containing  seven 
the  gallon,  in  addi- 
1  the  other  springs, 
talybeate  impregna- 
in  Westphalia,  which 
ean  reputation  as  an 

the  analysis  of  M. 
o  the  gallon;  while 
Belgium,  little  if  any 

tonic,  contains  but 
),  according  to  the 
m. 

ontents  of  the  water 
'  the  Congress,  being 
lowever,  exceeds  the 
[)onic  acid,  of  which 
gallon.  This  spring 
id  not  &r  from  the 


t's  analysis,  the  water 
in  393.907  gmins  of 
amount  of  carbonic 
ind  in  the  Pavilion, 
allon  of  water.  This 
e  town,  and  not  far 
ville. 

I  its  conical  inclosure 
deposit  of  its  own 


SARATOGA  SPRINGS. 


aa3 


waters,  deserves  to  be  regarded  among  the  interesting 
curiosities  of  our  country.  The  venerable  Dr.  Seaman 
remarks,  in  reference  to  it,  that  if  it  "  had  been  upon 
the  borders  of  the  Lago  d'Agnano,  the  noted  Grotto 
del  Cane,  which  burdens  almost  every  book  which  treats 
upon  the  carbonic  acid  gas  since  the  peculiar  properties 
of  that  air  have  been  known,  would  never  have  been 
heard  of  beyond  the  environs  of  Naples,  while  this 
fountain,  in  its  place,  would  have  been  deservedly 
celebrated  in  story,  and  spread  upon  canvas,  to  the 
admiration  of  the  world,  as  one  of  its  greatest  curi- 
osities." J     ,   t. 

This  unique  conical  structure  is  composed  of  the 
carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  with  the  oxide  of 
iron,  and  a  portion  of  sand  and  clay.  When  broken, 
it  exhibits  the  impression  of  leaves  and  twigs  of  trees. 
Its  circumference  at  its  base  is  about  twenty-six  feet, 
and  its  perpendicular  height  four  feet ;  from  the  top  of 
tbe  rock  to  the  surface  of  the  water,  two  feet ;  depth 
of  water  in  the  cavity  of  the  rock,  about  seven  and  a 
half  feet.  The  hole  at  the  top  of  the  rock  through  which 
the  water  is  dipped  is  circular,  and  measures  about  ten 
inches  across.  ' 

As  early  as  1767,  this  spring  was  visited  by  Mr.  Wm. 
Johnson,  who  used  its  waters  with  benefit  for  gout,  and 
from  this  period  it  came  rapidly  into  the  notice  and 
regard  of  the  colonists.  In  the  years  1784  and  1785 
some  accommodations  were  constructed  for  invalids, 
and  about  this  period  the  springs  known  as  Flat 
Rock,  the  President,  and  Red  Spring,  first  attracted 
attention. 

Dr.  Steel,  to  whose  "  Analysis"  I  am  indebted  for 
this  history,  remarks  that  "  the  extravagant  stories  told 
by  the  first  settlers  of  the  astonishing  effects  of  the 
'  High  Rock'  waters,  in  the  cure  of  almost  every 
species  of  disease,  are  still  remembered  and  repeated 
by  their  too  credulous  descendants.  This,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  singular  and  mysterious  character  of  the 


:-^!m^ 


3S4 


SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


'\tk 


rock,  continued  to  attach  an  importance  to  the  waters, 
in  the  eyes  of  the  vulgar,  to  which  no  other  fountain 
will  ever  attain."  .       „    . 

The  temperature  of  the  High  Rock  water  is  48  ;  >ts 
specific  gravity,' 1006.85,  when- the  barometer  stood  at 
89.05  ibches — ^pure  water  being  looo.  Analysis  shows 
that  it  contains  345.68  grains  of  solid  ingredients,  and 
309  cubic  inches  of  gaseous  contents,  to  the  gallon  of 
water.  Each  gallon  holds  in  solution  5.58  grains  of 
carbonate  of  iron. 

The  Iodine,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  Walton 
S^ng,  contains,  according  to  the  examinations  of  Pro- 
fessor Emmons,  3.5  grains  of  hydriodat6  of  soda  to  the 
gallon  of  water.  Its  saline  ingredients  do  not  differ 
essentially  from  those  of  the  neighboring  fountains.  Its 
chalybeate  impregnation  is  somewhat  greater  than  the 
water  of  the  Congress  Spring,  but  less  than  that  of  the 
Putnam,  Union,  Pavilion,  and  others. 

Its  temperature  is  rendered  at  47?  Fahrenheit. 

The  Flat  Rock,  Hamilton^  Columbian,  and  IVash- 
ingtdn  Springs,  of  wh-h  Dr.  Steel  gives  the  analysis, 
very  nearly  resemble  tach  other,  and  those  already  de- 
scribed, in  their  general  saline  and  gaseous  character. 
The  FkU  Rock  contains  5.39  grains  of  the  carbonate  of 
iron  to  the  g^lon,  the  HamiUon  5.39,  the  CobtmHan 
5.58,  and  the  fFdvifViiffMi  3.35.  ' 

Empire  Sfring.— This  fountain  is  now  attracting 
considerable  attention.  The  relatively  larger  portion 
olioditu,  and  smaller  portions  of  iron  and  earthy  salts, 
contained  in  this  water,  in  comparison  with  its  neigh- 
boring springs,  sug^iest  to  the  medical  mind  a  prefer- 
ence for  it  in  the  treatment  of  several  formidable  chronic 
affections. 

The  following  is  Professor  Emmons's  analysis  of  one 
gallon  of  the  water: — 


m 


YORJC. 

>rtance  to  the  waters, 
ch  no  other  fountain 

Lock  water  is  48° ;  its 
le  barometer  stood  at 
000.  Analysis  shows 
lolid  ingredients,  and 
ents,  to  the  gallon  of 
lution  5.58  grains  of 


etimes  called,  WaUon 
examinations  of  Pro- 
Irindate  of  soda  to  the 
edients  do  not  differ 
iboring  fountains.  Its 
what  greater  than  the 
less  than  that  of  the 
thers. 

47?  Fahrenheit. 
'olumHan,  and  Wash- 
eel  gives  the  analysis, 
and  those  already  de- 
ind  gaseous  character, 
ins  of  the  carbonate  of 
M  5.39,  the  CobtmUan 


ain  is  now  attracting 
ilatively  larger  portion 
f  iron  and  earthy  salts, 
parison  with  its  neigh- 
nedical  mind  a  prenr- 
eral  formidable  chronic 

tmons's  analysis  of  one 


SASATOGA  SPRINGS.  »2$ 

Chloride  of  sodium 269.696 

Bicarbonate  of  lime 141.834 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia 4*'984 

Bicarbonate  of  soda 30.848 

Hydriodate  of  soda  or  iodine • la.ooo 

Bicarbonate  of  iron. « • a  trace. 

496.339 
Specific  gravity  1039. 

Saratoga  Alum. — This  is  one  of  the  Saratoga  group 
of  comparatively  recent  development.  Its  analysis  by 
Dr.  J.  G.  Pohle,  of  New  York,  which  follows,  is  cal- 
culated to  give  it  a  high  position  among  its  most 
distingubhed  compeers: — 

Chloride  of  sodium. s6S-3<» 

Chloride  of  potassium 357 

Chlorides  of  calcium  and  magnesia. traces. 

Bicarbonate  of  soda. 6.753 

Bicarbonate  of  lime S6.8sa 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia 90.480 

Bicarbonate  of  iron i i.7»4 

Sulphate  of  lime 44^ 

Sulphate  of  magnesia a88 

StUphate  of  soda a.S«> 

Sulphate  of  potassa 370 

Silicic  acid. 1-460 

Alumina. 380 

Per  gallon. 656.911 

Free  carbonic  acid  gasi ~ aia  cubic  inches. 

Atmospheric  air .••••~      4      " 

Pergallon .-. •*....  ai6     " 

It  will  be  observed  from  this  analysis  that  this  water 
is  about  ten  per  cent,  greater  in  mineral  properties 
than  the  celebrated  Congress  Spring  j  while  it  is  four 
times  that  of  Baden-Baden  in  Austria,  twice  that  of 
Vichy  in  France,  nearly  three  times  greater  than  the 
renowned  Seltzer  of  Germany,  and  five  times  greater 
than  that  of  Aix-laChapelle  in  Prussia. 

The  Geyser,  or  '' Spouting  Spring,"   on  the  Ball- 

20 


i^..,)A^^»^;igm^.  ■..^.  ....^ij^-i^^-^^-^--'-^-'^ ' 


aa6 


SPRWGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


ston  road,  one  and  a  half  miles  south  of  the  principal 
hotels  at  Saratoga,  is  vgry  remarkable  for  the  amount 
of  its  constituent  ingredients,  both  solid  and  gaseous. 
Prof.  Chandler  represents  it  as  containing  991.546 
grains  of  solid  matters  to  the  gallon,  with  4S4-o8a  cubic 
inches  of  carbonic  acid  gas. 

The  Star,  Halthorn,  Excelsior,  Seltzer,  and  Red 
Spring  all  resemble,  in  the  general  character  of  their 
waters,  the  springs  of  the  famous  Saratoga  group  just 
described. 


mi 


BALMTON  SPRINGS. 

The  village  of  Ballston  is  situated  seven  miles  south- 
west from  Saratoga.  It  derives  its  name  from  the  late 
C.  Eliphalet  Ball,  who  with  a  number  of  his  congrega- 
tion settled  near  the  site  of  the  village  at  the  time  the 
springs  were  first  discovered.  These  mineral  springs 
are  situated  in  a  deep  marshy  valley,  through  which 
passes  a  branch  of  the  Kayaderosseras  Creek.  They 
were  discovered  in  1769. 

Of  the  springs  composing  the  Ballston  group  of  acid- 
ulous chalybeate  waters,  the  following  may  be  men- 
tioned :  the  Sans  Sauci,  Park,  Low's  Well,  the  UhiUd 
States,  Franklin,  and  Fulton  Chalybeate.  Dr.  Steel  re- 
marks that  these  waters  evidently  belong  to  the  same 
class  with  those  at  Saratoga;  and  if  they  do  not  con- 
tain so  large  a  portion  of  the  saline  properties  as  some 
of  the  fountains  A  the  latter  place,  which  is  very  mani- 
fest, both  from  the  taste  and  the  effects,  they  are,  un- 
questionably, entitled  to  rank  among  the  best  acid- 
ulous chalybeate  waters  which  this  or  any  other  country 
affords. 

In  addition  to  the  acidulous  saline  chalybeate  waters 
of  Ballston  Spa,  there  are  several  sulphurous  springs 
in  the  neighborhood,  not  regarded,  however,  as  very 
strong,  which  probably  owe  their  peculiar  character 
to  the  decomposition  of  the  sulphuret  of  iron  which 


•JHNHN^KiUl  HlWltlJHJ 


'  YORK. 

outh  of  the  principal 
kable  for  the  amount 
th  solid  and  gaseous. 
I  containing  991-546 
tn,  with  454.083  cubic 

OR,  Seltzer,  and  Red 
ral  character  of  their 
s  Swatoga  group  just 


[NGS. 

ted  seven  miles  south- 
its  name  from  the  late 
mber  of  his  congrega- 
rillage  at  the  time  the 
rhese  mineral  springs 
valley,  through  which 
osseras  Creek.    They 

3allston  group  of  acid- 
llowing  may  be  men- 
<w'j  Well,  the  United 
ilybeate.  Dr.  Steel  re- 
ly belong  to  the  same 
id  if  they  do  not  con- 
ine  properties  as  some 
:e,  which  is  very  mani- 
e  effects,  they  are,  un- 
among  the  best  acid- 
is  or  any  other  country 

dine  chalybeate  waters 
ral  sulphurous  springs 
ded,  however,  as  very 
leir  peculiar  character 
Iphuret  of  iron  which 


BALLSTON  SPRINGS.  t%1 

abounds  in  the  argillaceous  slate  formation  common  to 
this  region. 

Sans  Souci  Sprir^  conXxtm,  by  analysis,  in  one  gal- 
lon of  its  water — 

Chloride  of  sodium 143-733  gn»ji»- 

Bicarbonate  of  soda ia-66 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia 39-o*  '' 

Carbonate  of  lime 43-407  | 

Carbonate  of  iron 5-95 

Hydriodate  of  soda : x-3  " 

Silex -- I-  " 

347.15        " 

The  waters  of  Low's  Well  are  regarded  as  being 
almost  identical  with  those  of  the  Sans  Souci. 

In  the  waters  of  the  Park  Well  Dr.  Steel  demon- 
strated the  existence  of  6^  grains  of  this  carbonate  of 
iron  in  a  gallon  of  the  water ;  a  somewhat  larger  quan- 
tity than  is  found  in  any  of  the  other  fountains. 

The  Umted  States  Spring,  according  to  Dr.  Beck's 
analysis,  contains  in  one  pint  of  the  water — 

Chloride  of  sodium 53.19  grains. 

Carbonate  of  soda 1 3.11 

Carbonate  of  magnesia - 0.7a 

Carbonate  of  lime,  with  a  little  oxide  of  iron 3-65     " 

Sulphate  of  soda <>•»«     " 

Silica »«>     " 

60.8a     " 
Carbonic  acid,  30.50. 
Temperature,  50"  F.,  whiclrdoes  not  vary  through  the  year. 

It  will  be  seen,  by  comparing  the  analysis  of  this 
with  the  Congress  Spring,  that  the  latter  contains  a 
much  larger  amount,  both  of  solid  and  gaseous  con- 
tents, than  the  former. 

The  Franklin  Mineral  Spring  has  been  analyzed  by 
Prof.  C.  F.  Chandler,  with  the  following  results  :— 

One  U.S.  gallon,  231  cubic  inches,  contains — 


mm 


mamm 


g,8  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Chloride  of  todiuin 659.344  graJni. 

Chloride  of  potaMium 33-930      ", 

Bromide  of  sodium 4-™5 

Iodide  of  sodium *3&      " 

Fluoride  of  calcium trace. 

Bicartionatc  of  lithia 6.787      " 

Dicarbonate  of  soda m....    94.604      || 

BicArbonate  of  magnesia. 177.868      |^ 

Bicartionate  of  lime 903.339      |^ 

Bicarimnate  of  strontia 009 

Bicarbonate  of  batyla i-as*      || 

Bicarbonate  of  iron '•«'09 

Sulphate  of  potassa 769      '| 

Phosphate  of  soda •<>»» 

Biborate  of  soda *««•      ,, 

Alumina "63 

Silica "•        -735 

Organic  matter trace. 

Total "84.368      '• 

Carbonic  acid  gas 460.066  cubic  inches. 

Density , io"S 

Temperature S'" 


jTiwiiiwlwiis 


YORK. 

6S9344g«Jni. 

33-930  " 

4-665  " 

935  " 

trace. 

6.787  " 

94.604  " 

177.868  " 

003.333  " 

00a  " 

1.331  " 

1.609  " 

76a  " 

.on  " 

trace. 

363  " 

-735  " 

trace. 

, 1184.368      " 

460.066  cubic  inches. 

1.0115  " 

Sa' 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 

NEW  YORK  MINERAL  WATERS— CONTINUED. 

Improper  U«e  of  the  Saratoga  Water*,  and  iu  Evils -Injurioui 
Advice  and  Errors  of  Opinion  as  to  the  Nature  and  Use  of  Mineral 
Waters— Diseases  for  which  the  Saratoga  Waters  may  •>«  P«- 
scriijed— Alljany  Artesian  Mineral  Well— Reed's  Mineral  Spring— 
Halleck's  Spring,  etc. 

It  is  well  remarked  by  Dr.  Steel,  long  the  resident 
physician  at  Saratoga,*  that  "  these  waters  are  so  gen- 
erally used,  and  their  effects  so  seldom  injurious,  par- 
ticularly to  persons  in  health,  that  almost  every  one 
who  has  ever  drank  of  theih  assumes  the  prerogative 
of  directing  their  use  to  others ;  and  were  these  di- 
rections always  the  result  of  experience  and  observa- 
tion, they  certoinly  would  be  less  objectionable ;  but 
there  are  numerous  persons  that  flock  about  the  springs 
during  the  drinking  season  without  any  knowledge  of 
the  composition  of  the  waters,  and  little  or  none  of 
their  effects,  who  continue  to  dispose  of  their  direc- 
tions to  the  ignorant  and  unwary  with  no  other  effect 
than  to  injure  the  reputation  of  the  water  and  destroy 
the  prosoects  of  the  diseased.  .    .    c 

"Many  persons  who  resort  to  the  springs  for  the 
restoration  of  health  seem  to  be  governed  by  the  idea 
that  they  are  to  recover  in  proportion  to  the  amount 
they  drink ;  and  although  many  who  are  in  health  may, 
and  frequently  do,  swallow  down  enormous  amounts 
of  the  water  with  apparent  impunity,  it  does  not  fol- 


•  Analysis  of  the  Mineral  Waters  of  Saratoga  and  Ballston, 
ao*  (  **9  ) 


i-«t^i^iErs2ato.*j.jM-.    4't<!i.mmuimMiii'M.-^ JM i!J',H'gg' 


ISS 


130 


SPKINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


low  that  those  whose  stomachs  are  enfeebled  by  disease 
can  take  the  same  quantity  with  the  same  effect. 
Stomachs  of  this  description  frequently  reject  large 
portions  of  the  water,  and  thereby  protect  the  system 
from  the  disastrous  consequences  that  would  otherwise 
follow.  But  when  it  happens  to  be  retained,  the  result 
is  indeed  distressing.  The  pulse  becomes  quick  and 
feeble,  the  extremities  cold,  the  head  painful  and 
dizzy,  the  bowels  swollen  and  tender,  and  the  whole 
train  of  nervous  affections  alarmingly  increased ;  and 
should  the  unfortunate  sufferer  survive  the  effects  of 
his  imprudence,  it  is  only  to  a  renewal  of  his  worst 
apprehensions,  from  a  loss  of  confidence  in  what  he 
most  probably  considered  a  last  resort." 

The  above  sensible  remarks  of  a  gentleman  long 
accustomed  to  prescribing  mineral  waters,  and  entirely 
familiar  with  tneir  potent  influences  for  good  when 
properly  used,  or  for  evil  when  improperly  employed, 
commend  themselves  with  great  force  to  invalids  gener- 
ally who  resort  to  mineral  fountains  for  relief. 

The  injury  done  to  invalids  at  mineral  springs  by 
hasty  and  well-intentioned  but  ignorant  and  inju- 
dicious advice,  both  as  to  the  applicabilities  of  the 
waters  and  the  method  of  using  them,  by  persons  they 
may  chance  to  meet,  can  scarcely  be  overrated.  Vari- 
ous instances  have  occurred  of  invalids  lieing  speedily 
destroyed  by  improperly  using  mineral  waters,  under 
the  injudicious  advice  of  ignorant  and  officious  per- 
sons, and  still  more  frequently  have  diseases  been 
aggravated  and  confirmed  through  such  reprehensible 
omciousness,  that  might  have  been  cured  under  sensi- 
ble and  judicious  Instructions.  Besides,  the  idea  that 
is  often  spontaneously  in  the  mind  of  the  invalid,  that 
it  is  "only  water"  he  is  drinking,  and  that  it  can  do 
no  harm  if  it  does  no  good,  is  simply  an  imposition  on 
his  own  good  sense,  and  upon  the  feeblest  powers 
of  ratiocination.  These  impressions  Upon  the  mind, 
vague  though  they  may  be,  are  nevertheless  occasion- 


YORK. 


h 


enfeebled  by  disesM 
the  same  effect. 

quently  reject  large 
protect  the  system 

tat  would  otherwise 
retained,  the  result 

becomes  quick  and 
:  head  painful  and 
nder,  and  the  whole 

ngly  increased ;  and 

urvive  the  effects  of 

renewal  of  his  worst 

nfidence  in  what  he 

»ort." 

f  a  gentleman  long 

waters,  and  entirely 
ices  for  good  when 
nproperly  employed, 
rce  to  invalids  gener- 
is for  relief. 
\  mineral  springs  by 

ignorant  and  inju- 
ipplicabilities  of  the 
hem,  by  persons  they 
be  overrated.  Vari- 
ivalids  lieing  speedily 
nineral  waters,  under 
nt  and  officious  per- 

have  diseases  been 
^h  such  reprehensible 
n  cured  under  sensi- 
Sesides,  the  idea  that 
d  of  the  invalid,  that 
I,  and  that  it  can  do 
iply  an  imposition  on 

the  feeblest  powers 
ons  Upon  the  mind, 
tevertheless  occasion- 


SARATOGA    WATERS— IMPROPER   USES,     aji 

ally  sufficiently  strong  to  control  the  action.  Such 
views  are  most  apt  to  find  a  lodgment  in  the  minds  of 
those  who  have  decided  to  altogether  repudiate  medi- 
cine, commonly  so  called,  and  to  seek  their  lost  health 
by  the  use  of  mineral  waters,  not  remembering  that 
mineral  waters  are  medicines,  and  could  be  of  no  ser- 
vice if  they  were  not.  Under  the  false  impression  of 
their  non-medicinal  nature,  such  persons  will  often 
take  into  their  stomachs,  in  the  form  of  draught  after 
draught  of  sulphur  waters,  more  medicinal  material  in 
one  day  than  a  judicious  physician  would  give  them  in 
pill  or  potion  in  an  entire  week. 

It  was  such  persistent  abuse  of  mineral  waters  on  the 
Continent  that  induced  Henry  IV.  of  France  to  decree 
a  royal  edict  that  no  person  should  enter  upon  the  use 
of  a  mineral  water  in  his  dominion  until  his  case  had 
been  professionally  examined  and  the  suitableness  and 
manner  ot  using  the  water  prescribed. 

When  Americans  shall  have  acquired  more  prudence 
upon  this  subject,  and  learned  to  inquire  more  care- 
fully into  the  adaptedness  of  mineral  waters  to  their 
diseases,  before  committing  themselves  to  their  use,  far 
more  good  will  be  derived  by  the  invalid ;  our  mineral 
waters  will  be  appreciated,  and  their  character  better 
established  in  public  confidence. 

DISEASES  FOR  WHICH  THE  SARATOGA  WATERS 
MAY  BE  PRESCRIBED. 

In  reference  to  the  proper  manner  of  using  the  Sara- 
toga waters,  as  well  as  to  the  diseases  for  which  they 
may  be  prescribed,  I  shall  confine  my  remarks  to  a  few 
general  observations  having  reference  to  the  usual  proper 
use  of  such  agents,  knowing  that  particular  directions 
for  the  individual  case  can  he  most  prudently  and  safely 
given  to  the  patient  by  experienced  practitioners  resi- 
dent at  the  springs,  and  after  such  careful  personal 
investigation  of  the  case,  and  with  such  discriminating 


■■^mmmm 


a3« 


SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


views  of  its  pathology,  as  personal  examination  can 
alone,  in  most  cases,  satisfactorily  determine. 

The  entire  group  of  tiie  Saratoga  and  Ballston  waters 
may  properly  be  regarded,  as  I  have  before  stated,  as 
distinctly  belonging  to  the  saline  acidulous  class,  with 
chalybeate  salts  so  prominent  in  some  of  them  as  to 
modify,  in  an  important  degree,  their  influence  upon 
the  animal  economy.  Their  prominent  therapeutic 
effects  are  those  of  active  aperient  and  diuretic  action. 

A  numerous  class  of  visitors  at  mineral  springs  are 
those  who  are  rather  threatened  with,  than  actually 
laboring  under,  a  distinctly  located  disease.  As  promi- 
nent in  this  class  of  visitors,  we  find  those  who  suffer 
under  a  preternatural  fullness  of  the  blood-vessels,  and 
especially  of  the  veins,  with  a  tendency  to  congestion 
in  some  of  the  larg«;  internal  organs,  with  a  sense  of 
fullness  or  heaviness  in  the  abdominal  regions.  This 
condition  is  often  occasioned  from  slow  and  imperfect 
digestion,  and,  consequently,  by  too  long  retention  of 
food  in  the  stomach,  from  local  and  general  accumula- 
tions in  the  large  intestines,  and  not  uncommonly  from 
an  engorged  liver  or  spleen,  with  a  sluggish  circulation, 
and  sometimes  a  throbbing  sensation  in  the  portal  sys- 
tem. This  morbid  state  of  the  system  is  made  to  bear 
different  names  as  one  or  another  organ  seems  to  be 
more  especially  affected. 

The  morbid  tendencies  of  this  condition  are  very 
numerous.  Even  in  its  incipiency  it  is  prone,  from 
hygienic  or  morbid  causes,  to  run  into  obstinate  con- 
gestions, irritations,  or  actual  inflammations.  Some- 
times it  results  in  cephalic  or  pectoral  accumulations, 
giving  occasion  for  apoplexy,  asthma,  etc.  In  other 
'  cases,  the  system  seems  to  make  a  violent  external 
effort  to  relieve  its  internal  oppressions  through  an 
acute  attack  of  rheumatism  or  gout ;  or  by  eruptions 
upon  the  surface,  carbuncles,  boils,  or  erysipelatous  in- 
flammations. The  most  common  winding  up  of  this 
,  general  plethoric  condition  is  a  confirmed  dyspepsia, 


YORK. 

nal  examination  can 
r  determine, 
a  and  Ballston  waters 
lave  before  stated,  as 
acidulous  class,  with 
some  of  them  as  to 
their  influence  upon 
rominent  therapeutic 
t  and  diuretic  action. 
t  mineral  springs  are 
with,  than  actually 
d  disease.  As  promi- 
find  those  who  suffer 
:he  blood-vessels,  and 
idency  to  congestion 
gans,  with  a  sense  of 
rainal  regions.  This 
n  slow  and  imperfect 
too  long  retention  of 
nd  general  accumula- 
lot  uncommonly  from 
a  sluggish  circulation, 
tion  in  the  portal  sys- 
yrstem  is  made  to  bear 
er  organ  seems  to  be 

is  condition  are  very 
icy  it  is  prone,  from 
n  into  obstinate  con- 
iflammations.  Some- 
ctoral  accumulations, 
;thma,  etc.  In  other 
ce  a  violent  external 
pressions  through  an 
rout ;  or  by  eruptions 
Is,  or  erysipelatous  in- 
>n  winding  up  of  this 
confirmed  dyspepsia, 


DISEASES-GENERAL   OBSERVATIONS     233 

attended  with  faulty  and  irregular  secretions  from  the 
liver,  ultimately  giving  rise  to  intestinal  or  thoracic 

"Xairwill  not  allow  me  to  trace  out  the  various 
and  multiform  disorders  and  disorganizations  that  may, 
and  often  do,  result  from  the  venous  plethora  and  ab- 
dominal accumulations  alluded  to;  nor  is  this,  per- 
haps, the  proper  place  to  do  so.  I  remark,  however, 
that,  in  the  condition  of  the  system  alluded  to,  and 
especially  in  its  early  stages,  the  Sarato^  watere,  and 
of  choice  the  more  purgative  of  them,  afford  a  remedy 
entitled  to  great  confidence,  and,  generally,  speedily 
beneficial  in  its  effects. 

In  such  cases  they  should  be  so  used  as  to  produce 
copious  evacuations  from  the  bowels  for  two  or  three 
weeks.  The  more  purgative  waters,  such  as  the  Con- 
gress Spring,  being  taken  early  in  the  morning  to  pro- 
duce this  effect,  the  patient  may,  with  advantage,  use 
small  quantities  of  some  of  the  more  ferruginated  watere 
in  the  evening,  such  as  the  Putnam,  or  High  Rock 

^lli"  recent  attacks  of  biliary  affections,  unattended 
with  fever  or  general  excitement,  the  Congrras  waters 
have  proved  very  beneficial.    In  such  cases,  Dr.  Steel, 
long  a  resident  physician  at  the  springs,  says  he  was  m 
the  habit  of  giving  a  few  grains  of  calotnel  or  blue  pill 
at  night,  and  following  it  in  the  morning  with  a  suf- 
ficient quantity  of  water  to  move  the  bowels  briskly  two 
or  three  times.    A  few  doses  of  this  description  usually 
put  the  bowels  in  a  situation  to  be  more  easily  acted 
upon  by  the  water  alone.     In  the  titore  advanced  stage 
of  bilious  affecHons,  says  Dr.  Steel,  "where  the  organi- 
zation of  the  liver  and  other  viscera  has  materially 
suffered,  and  the  disposition  to  general  hydrops,  in- 
dicated by  the  enlargement  of  the  extremities,  fullness 
of  the  abdomen,  etc.,  the  waters  are,  all  of  them,  mani- 
festly injurious,  and  ought  not  to  be  admitted,  even  as 
an  adjunctive  remedy." 


334 


SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


In  the  variotu  ^spepHe  depravities  these  waters  have 
long  maintained  a  high  and  well-deserved  reputation. 
The  Congress  Spring  is  most  generally  used  for  these 
affections.  It  is  best  taken  in  the  morning  for  such 
cases,  about  an  hour  before  breakfast,  in  sufficient 
quantity  to  move  the  bowels  gently  once  or  twice.  For 
this  purpose,  from  two  to  four  or  five  tumblerfuls, 
Xsksxi  at  intervals  of  ten  or  fifteen  minutes  apart,  will 
generally  be  sufficient. 

In  calculous  or  nephritic  complaints,  these  waters  have 
been  long  employeid  with  great  advantage,  and  well- 
attested  instances  are  given  of  their  effecting  complete 
cures  in  such  cases.  The  water,  in  such  diseases, 
should  be  so  drunk  as  to  keep  the  bowels  gently  open 
and  to  keep  up  an  increased  secretion  from  the  kidneys. 
In  such  cases,  the  use  of  the  warm  bath  is  an  important 
auxiliary.  Its  temperature  should  be  about  loo"  Fahr., 
and  the  patient  remain  in  it  from  thirty  to  sixty  minutes. 

In  chronic  rheumatism,  Dr.  Steel  asserts'  that  the 
waters  have  been  long  employed  with  advantage.  In 
such  cases,  he  gives  preference  to  the  Congress  Spring. 

For  arthritis  or  gout,  the  waters  are  regarded  as  an 
uncertain  remedy.  In  the  early  or  forming  stages  of 
the  disorder  they  may  prove  beneficial,  but  when  the 
disease  has  become  confirmed,  and  is  of  long  continu- 
ance, the  effects  of  the  water  are  doubtful,  and  cases 
have  occuired  where  their  use  induced  a  recurrence  of 
the  paroxysm. 

In  ill-conditioned  ulcers  and  ctttaneous  eruptions,  as 
well  as  in  the  enfeebled  condition  of  the  system  follow- 
ing iprotrcuted  mercurial  course,  the  use  of  the  waters 
has  proved  veiy  beneficial. 

Scrofula  is  another  disease  in  which  ihe  Saratoga 
waters  have  been  often  used,  and  Dr.  Steel  remarks 
that  "experience  abundantly  sanctions  the  belief  of 
their  utility  in  that  complaint." 

The  large  proportion 'of  iodine  which  Professor 
Emmons  detects  in  the  Empire  Spring  seems  clearly 


YORA'. 

Hes  these  waters  have 

deserved  reputation. 

lerally  used  for  these 

le  morning  for  such 

eakfast,   in  sufficient 

T  once  or  twice.    For 

or  five  tumblerfuls, 

n  minutes  apart,  will 

nts,  these  waters  have 

advantage,  and  well- 

eir  effecting  complete 

!r,  in  such  diseases, 

ic  bowels  gently  open 

ion  from  the  kidneys. 

bath  is  an  important 

be  about  100°  Fahr., 

hirty  to  sixty  minutes. 

>teel  asserts'  that  the 

with  advantage.     In 

the  Congress  Spring. 

rs  are  regarded  as  an 

or  forming  stages  of 

leficial,  but  when  the 

id  is  of  long  continu- 

e  doubtful,  and  cases 

luced  a  recurrence  of 

ft/atucus  eruptions,  as 
I  of  the  system  foUow- 
the  use  of  the  waters 

which  the  Saratoga 
d  Dr.  Steel  remarks 
Dctions  the  belief  of 

ine  which  Professor 
Spring  seems  clearly 


ALBANY  ARTESIAN  MINERAL    WELLS. 


'35 


to  indicate  a  preference  for  that  fountain  in  the  treat- 
ment of  this  class  of  affections. 

In  dropsical  affections  i)M  Saratoga  waters  should  only 
be  prescribed  under  careful  discrimination.  When  the 
disease  depends  upon  long-continued  organic  derange- 
ment, they  will  prove  injurious.  On  the  other  hand, 
when  the  affection  is  recent,  and  dependent  upon  the 
want  of  sufficient  action  in  the  absorbent  vessels,  they 
will  be  beneficial,  and  their  use  in  such  cases  will  prob- 
ably result  in  removing  the  morbid  accumulations. 

Farafysis,  under  the  active  purgative  operation  of 
the  waters,  is  sometimes  benefited. 

Chlorosis  and  other  complaints  peculiar  to  females 
are  often  treated  by  these  waters  with  good  success.  In 
such  cases,  the  waters  in  which  the  tonic  properties  most 
abound  are  to  be  preferred,  and  much  advantage  will 
generally  be  derived  from  frequent  bathing,  and  pleas- 
urable exercise  unconnected  with  exhaustion  or  fatigue. 

In  phthisical  complaints  that  arise  from  a  primary 
affection  of  the  lungs,  the  Saratoga  waters  are  injurious, 
and  ou^ht  not  to  be  used.  But  in  congestions  of  the 
bronchial  surfaces,  as  well  as  in  translated  or  sympa- 
thetic affections  from  abdominal  origin  making  a  lodg- 
ment in  the  chest,  and  unattended  with  any  general 
strumous  tendency,  the  waters  of  the  Empire  Spring 
might,  probably,  be  safely  and  advantageously  em- 
ployed. 

Albany  Artesian  Minbral  Wells.-— Messrs.  Boyd 
and  McCuUock,  in  boring  for  pure  water  to  supply 
their  brewery,  struck  at  the  depth  of  four  hundred  and 
eighty  feet  a  saline  water  abounding  in  the  carbonates 
and  carlx^n^c  acid,  and  emitting  at  the  same  time  car- 
buretted  hydrogen  or  burning  gas.  On  continuing  the 
boring  to  the  depth  of  six  hundred  feet,  the  flow  of  the 
carbonated  water  and  gas  continued.  Another  boring 
was  effected  to  the  same  depth,  a  few  rods  from  the 
first,  with  the  same  results  and  the  singular  addition  of 


ftM^0^y'^-^>^^^l^^^^'^^^^^^^^^^^'^^ 


i[  iw  r  i  JimfcMtrfiitivr'fiirifr '•"-■i .': 


■.■ai;}ik<mmm,^ammmmmmmsm!?^^ 


,36  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

the  escape  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  from  a  small 
stream  of  water  that  was  struck  at  thirty  feet  below  the 
surface.  From  this,  Dr.  Beck  concludes  that  "in  the 
same  slate  formation,  though  at  different  depths,  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen,  carburetted  hydrogen,  and  car- 
bonic acid  gases  are  abundantly  evolved."  The  same 
writer  thinks  it  probable  that  carbonated  waters  might 
be  found  by  boring  at  any  point  on  the  range  from 
Saratoga  to  Albany.  ,,_...  „  ■ 

The  temperature  of  the  water  of  the  Albany  well  is 
SI®  to  53"  Fahr.    Its  specific  gravity  is  1.00900. 

Dr.  Beck's  analysis  of  one  pint  of  water  shows  the 
following  results : — 

Chloride  of  sodium 59.00  grains. 

Carbonate  of  soda 5-<»      ,, 

Carbonate  of  lime 4-«>      ^/ 

Carbonate  of  magnesia *'SO      ,, 

Carbonate  of  iron,  with  a  litUe  silica. x-oo      ^^ 

Chloride  of  calcium "    o-So 

7I.OO      " 
Gaseous  contents,  aS  cubic  inches. 

Reed's  Mineral  Spring,  in  Washington  County, 
is  an  acidulous  spring,  not  very  dissimilar  from  the 
waters  of  Saratoga,  but  containing  less  gas,  and  con- 
sequently less  sparkling.  Its  taste  is  somewhat  acidu- 
lous. 

Halleck's  Spring,  in  Oneida  County,  and  near  the 
village  of  Hampton,  was  discovered  by  boring  to  the 
depth  of  one  hundred  and  six  feet  into  a  solid  rock. 

Professor  Noyes  analyzed  this  water,  and  obUined 
from  one  pint  the  following  results  :— 

Chloride  of  sodium 78.00  gr^. 

Chloride  of  calcium,... 13.00      ^^ 

Chloride  of  magnesia 4'<«      ^, 

Sulphate  of  lime •    5<» 

.   100.00      " 


W  YORK. 

rogen  gas  from  a  small 
at  thirty  feet  below  the 
concludes  that  "in  the 
It  different  depths,  sul- 
ed  hydrogen,  and  car- 
y  evolved."  The  same 
arbonated  waters  might 
lint  on  the  range  from 

it  of  the  Albany  well  is 
jravity  is  1.00900. 
pint  of  water  shows  the 


CHALYBEATE  SPRINGS. 


ni 


This  spring  is  said  to  evolve  carburetted  or  bummg 
MS  in  considerable  quantities,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  carbonic  acid.  It  would  seem  from  the  composition 
of  its  waters  to  belong  to  the  class  of  weak  brine  or 
salt  springs. 

Near  Catskill,  in  Greene  County,  and  in  Rensselaer 
County,  a  mile  from  the  village  of  Sandlakf,  strong 
chalybeate  springs  zxt  {omA.  ,      j  • 

Other  springs  of  the  same  character  are  found  m 
Delaware,  Dutchess,  and  Columbia  Counties. 


59.00  grains. 

5.00  " 

4.00  " 

1.50  •• 

1.00  " 

0,50  " 

71.00  *• 


ix 


in  Washington  County, 
ery  dissimilar  from  the 
ining  less  gas,  and  con- 
taste  is  somewhat  acidu- 


da  County,  and  near  the 
Dvered  by  boring  to  the 
feet  into  a  solid  rock, 
this  water,  and  obtained 
»ults : — 

78.00  grains. 

13.00      •• 

4,00      " 

5  00      " 

.   100.00      " 


CHAPTER    XXXVI. 

NEW  YORK  SULPHUR  SPRINGS.  ' 

Sharon  Springs— Avon  Springi— Richfield  Springs. 

Waters  to  some  extent  impregnated  with  sulphur 
exist  in  almost  every  great  section  of  the  State  of  New 
York;  but  few  of  these  springs,  however,  have  been 
extensively  improved  for  public  use,  or  are  so  strongly 
charged  with  gas  and  rich  in  solid  medicinal  materials 
as  to  make  them  objects  of  more  than  local  interest. 
There  are,  however,  several  strong  exceptions  to  this 
general  remark,  and  especially  the  waters  of  the  Sharpn 
and  Avon  Springs,  which  have  acquired  quite  an  ex- 
tended reputation. 

As  is  found  to  be  the  case  in  Virginia,  the  sulphur 
springs  of  New  York  are  generally  on,  or  not  very 
remote  from,  the  lines  of  fracture  or  disturbance  in 
the  strata  of  the  earth  from  subterranean  causes.  The 
Sharon  is  said  to  be  the  strongest  exception  to  this 
general  law  of  their  location. 

Mr.  Hall,  who  made  a  geological  survey  of  a  portion 
of  this  State,  remarks  that  springs  which  issue  from 
different  classes  of  rock  are  marked  by  a  general 
character  and  aspect  which  indicate  their  relative 
geological  positions.  "  In  the  strata  of  the  Niagara 
group  the  water  has  usually  a  dark  appearance  in  the 
spring,  though  it  is  limpid  and  differs  essentially  from 
the  waters  of  the  salt  group,  while  iii  higher  rocks  it  is 
not  only  less  copious,  but  it  is  often  marked  by  a  black 
(«38) 


txvi. 

.  SPRINGS. 

-Richfield  Springs. 

regnated  with  sulphur 
>n  of  the  State  of  New 
t,  however,  have  been 
use,  or  are  so  strongly 
id  medicinal  materials 
re  than  local  interest, 
ong  exceptions  to  this 
le  waters  of  the  Sharpn 
acquired  quite  an  ex- 


1  Virginia,  the  sulphur 
5rally  on,  or  not  very 
ture  or  disturbance  in 
terranean  causes.  The 
igest  exception  to  this 

;ical  survey  of  a  portion 
rings  which  issue  from 
marked  by  a  general 
indicate  their  relative 
:  strata  of  the  Niagara 
dark  appearance  in  the 
differs  essentially  from 
lile  in  higher  rocks  it  is 
>ften  marked  by  a  black 


SHARON  SPRINGS.  939 

and  red  deposit,  as  well  as  sometimes  a  whitish  stain 
upon  the  rock  or  at  the  bottom  of  the  spring."  These 
springs,  however  widely  separated,  have  been  observed 
to  have  a  temperature  somewhat  above  the  common 
springs  of  their  neighborhood.  The  same  fact  has 
been  observed  in  reference  to  the  sulphurous  springs  so 
abundantly  found  in  Virginia,  going  to  show  a  com- 
mon cause  for  the  general  thermalization  of  such  waters. 

SHARON  SPRING? 

These  springs  are  in  the  county  of  Schoharie,  and 
near  the  village  of  Leesville.  According  to  Dr.  Beck, 
they  arise  from  pyritous  slates,  underlying  strata  of 
Heiderberg  limestone. 

The  two  springs  most  noted  are  called  Whtte  Sulphur 

and  Magnesia.  ,  .     «     t  t» 

The  White  Sulphur  has  been  analyzed  by  Dr.  J.  K. 
Chilton,  of  the  city  of  New  York,  who  obtained  the 
following  results  from  one  pint  of  the  water : — 

Sulphate  of  magnesia J^S  Per- 
sulphate of  lime °-9°      ,. 

Chloride  of  sodium "J*      „ 

Chloride  of  magnesium ^-^S 

Hydrosulphuret  of  sodium    1     0.14      " 

Hydrosulphuret  of  calcium  J  " 

10.06      " 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas,  i  cubic  inch. 

Dr.  Beck  remarks  "  that  sulphate  of  lime  in  small 
fresh  perfect  crystals  is  found  near  the  springs  m  con- 
siderable abundance."  . 

Dr.  Bell  remarks,  after  quoting  the  analysis  given 
above,  that  the  "solid  contents  of  a  gallon  of  this 
water,*  as  determined  by  the  same  chemist,  are  160.94 
grains,  and  the  amount  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas 

•  Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs.    . 


a4P  NEV^  yORK  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

1 6  inches.  The  results,  as  reported  by  Dr.  North, 
are  at  variance  with  the  preceding  table  of  reduction 
to  a  pint  made  by  Dr.  Beck,  still  from  Dr.  Chilton's 
analysis."  , 

The  Magnesia  Spring,  according  to  the  analysis  of 
Professor  Reed,  of  New  York,  contains  the  following 
ingredients  in  one  gallon  of  water: — 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia. 30-S  grain*. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia "-7     || 

Sulphate  of  lime TO.o      ^^ 

Hydrosulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime. 0.5 

Chloride  of  sodium  and  magnesia. 3-<»      " 

•      139.7      " 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas,  3.3  inches. 

In  looking  to  the  relative  character  of  the  Sharon 
waters,  we  find  them  most  to  resemble  the  Avon  Springs 
of  New  York,  and  the  White  Sulphur  Springs  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  in  a  general  way  they  will  be  found  adapted 
to  the  same  class  of  diseases  for  which  the  latter  waters 
are  beneficially  used. 

The  hotel  accommodations  for  visitors  at  Sharon  are 
represented  as  extensive  and  agreeable,  with  pleasant 
promenades  through  well-shaded  woodlands  contiguous 
to  the  spring,  and  the  enjoyment  of  extensive  and 
interesting  views  of  the  surrounding  country. 

Travelers  to  Sharon,  either  from  the  north,  east,  or 
south,  should  make  Albany  a  point  where  they  take 
the  Binghamton  Railroad  to  Palatine  Bridge,  and 
thence  by  stage-coaches  over  the  mountains  to  the 
springs. 

AVON   SPRINGS. 

These  springs  are  situated  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State,  on  the  eastern  branch  of  the  Genesee  River,  and 
near  the  village  of  Avon.  They  are  about  eighteen 
miles  from  the  city  of  Rochester,  and  twenty-four  from 


!"Ml«5!iHS 


SPRINGS. 

trted  by  Dr.  North, 
)g  table  of  reduction 
1  from  Dr.  Chilton's 


ig  to  the  analysis  of 
tntains  the  following 


..30.S  gratoi. 
..aa.7      " 
.76.0     " 
,.  O.S      " 
■•  30     " 

139.7     " 


iracter  of  the  Sharon 
nble  the  Avon  Springs 
iphur  Springs  of  Vir- 
will  be  found  adapted 
rhich  the  latter  waters 

visitors  at  Sharon  are 
reeable,  with  pleasant 
woodlands  contiguous 
ent  of  extensive  and 
ing  country. 
>m  the  north,  east,  or 
oint  where  they  take 
Palatine  Bridge,  and 
the  mountains  to  the 

[GS. 

he  western  part  of  the 
he  Genesee  River,  and 
ey  are  about  eighteen 
,  and  twenty-four  from 


AVON  SPRINGS.  •41 

Canandaigua.  They  are  connected  with  Rochester  by 
a  daily  Une  of  stage-coaches.  The  Genesee  Valley 
canal-boats  also  land  passengers  within  nine  or  ten 
miles  of  the  springs,  whence  they  are  conveyed  in 
coac"-s  to  their  destination. 

The  Indians  of  that  region,  it  is  said,  knew  of  ana 
appreciated  these  springs  as  •«  medicine-water  many 
years  ago.  The  first  recorded  use  of  them  by  the  white 
settlers  was  in  179a.  when  they  were  successfully  used 
for  a  cutaneous  affection.  In  1795  we  hear  of  their 
curing  rheumatism  of  long  standing,  loat  had  resisted 
successfully  the  skill  of  intelligent  physicians.  The 
accommodations  at  and  near  the  springsare  very  good, 
and  sufficiently  extensive  for  a  large  number  of  visitors. 
These  consist  of  three  hotels  near  the  springs,  and  two 
at  the  village  of  Avon,  from  which  a  connection  is  kept 
up  with  the  springs  by  omnibuses. 

There  were  but  two  springs  known  at  Avon  until  the 
year  1835,  and  these  were  designated  as  the  Upper  and 
Lower  springs.  About  that  time  a  new  one  was  dis- 
covered, which  is  known  as  the  New  Bath  Spring. 
This  new  fountain  is  said  to  be  thirty  feet  deep,  the 
water  in  it  rising  through  a  calciferous  slate. 

An  analysis  of  one  pint  of  the  water  of  this  spring 
yields  the  following  results : — 

Carbonate oflime • ^'^'^ 

Sulphate  of  Ume. °-^     „ 

Sulphate  of  magnesia *-°';     „ 

Sulphate  of  soda. " "  *•»*     „ 

Chloride  of  sodium - ^ 

11.87     " 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen,  3.91  cubic  inches.  - 

Temperature  of  the  water,  50"  Fahr.;  specific  grayity,  1.00350. 

The  C/pper,  or,  as  it  is  now  called,  the  Middle  Spring, 
is  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  from  the  one  just 
described.     Its  temperature  is  51°  Fahrenheit. 

An  analysis  of  one  pint  of  the  water,  according  to 
ai* 


^''■^"•'•'^^^■^^■'/•^'•f'v^tyt.-Ktt^iti^ieqf^i^aim.'^^ 


'■MhibiMMm'y. 


I. 


a4t  NEW  YORK  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

the  investigations  of  Professor  Hadley,  shows  the  fol- 
lowing results  :— 

Carbonate  of  lime i.oograiiu. 

Sulphate  of  Ume. 10.50     " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. i-aS     "    ' 

Sul{4)ateofsoda. a-oo     " 

Chloride  of  sodium *3f*     " 

»7.0S     " 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen.. xa-oo     " 

Carbonic  acid S«o     " 

17.60     " 

The  JVrttf  S/n'ng,  Dr.  Salisbury  states,  was  formerly 
a  large  pool  some  fifty  feet  in  diameter,  and  served  as 
a  bathing-place  for  the  early  inhabitants.  It  has  been 
more  prised  as  a  curative  agent  than  the  others,  and  is 
more  largely  resorted  to. 

In  one  pint  of  this  water  Dr.  J.  R.  Chilton  found — 

Carbonate  of  lime 3-S8  grains. 

Chloride  of  calcium >os     " 

Sulphate  of  lime 717     \\ 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. 6-a» 

Sulphate  of  soda. -  »'7i 

19.7a     " 

Of  gaseous  contents : — 

SuliAate  of  hydrogen ~ 1.3a  grains. 

Carbonic  add o-S©     " 

Nitrogen o.67     " 

And  a  minute  fraction  of  atmo^iheric  air. 

This  is  a  uniform  and  very  bold  spring,  discharging 
at  every  season  of  the  year  about  fifty- four  gallons  a 
minute.  Its  temperature  is  45"  to  47°  Fahr.,  and  its 
specific  gravity  1.0018.  Its  taste,  while  decidedly  sul- 
phurous, is  slightly  bitter  and  saline. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  water  contains  less  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen,  and  more  solid  contents,  especially 
of  the  purging  salts,  than  the  Upper  or  Middle  Spring. 

In  addition  to  the  springs  enumerated,  there  are  three 


SPXINGS. 

Iley,  shows  the  fol- 


i.aograiiUi 

, IO.SO     " 

i.a5     " 

9.00       " 

9.30     " 

17^5     " 

xa.oo     " 

S.«o     •• 

17.60     " 

States,  was  fonnerly 
leter,  and  served  as 
itants.  It  has  been 
n  the  others,  and  is 

R.  Chilton  found— 

3.58  grains. 

1.0S     '• 

7.17     " 

6.91      " 

, 1.71     " 

19.7a     " 

i.3'4  grains. 

aso     '• 

0.67     " 

spring,  discharging 

fifty-four  gallons  a 

J  47"  Fahr.,  and  its 

while  decidedly  suU 

le. 

ter  contains  less  sul- 
1  contents,  especially 
er  or  Middle  Spring, 
rated,  there  are  three 


AVON  WATERS.  a43 

others,  called  Iodine  or  Sylvan  Springs,  aboat  two  miles 
from  the  Lower  Spring.  In  these  the  chloride  of  sodium 
strongly  predominates,  and  hence  their  saltish  taste. 
One  of  them  has  but  a  slight  sulphurous  impregnation, 
and  somewhat  resembles  in  taste  the  Congress  water 
after  its  gas  has  escaped.  We  have  an  analysis  of  one 
of  these  springs,  which  shows  it  to  contain  iodide  of 
sodium,  with  heavy  impregnations  of  the  chlorides  ot 
sodium  and  magnesium,  and  the  sulphate  of  lime. 

In  one  gallon  of  the  water  of  this  spring  Dr.  J.  k. 
Chilton  found  the  following  ingredients  :— 

Chloride  of  maeneslum «1^*^"* 

Chloride  of  io«flum 97.-1^  .. 

Sulphate  of  lime ~-^  .. 

Carbonate  of  magnesia J^i^  « 

Carbonate  of  lime t^  •< 

Vegetable  matter "^ 

Iodide  of  sodiiun.  

996.940     " 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen ~  *!?1'^m'°  '"• 

Carbonic  acid - *-^' 

95.676     " 

In  comparing  the  waters  of  these  springs  with  the  ^ 
waters  of  the  White  Sulphur,  in  Virginia,  it  will  be 
observed  that  the  former  contains  an  appreciably  larger 
quantity  of  lime  than  the  Virginia  springs,  and  that 
their  sulphate  of  soda  and  sulphate  of  magnesia  are 
somewhat  in  excess  of  the  Virginia  waters.  The 
chloride  of  sodium,  existing  so  largely  in  the  Iodine 
or  Sylvan  Spring,  and  to  an  appreciable  extent  in  the 
Lower  and  New  Spring,  is  discovered  only  in  the  very 
minute  portion  of  about  half  a  grain  to  the  gallon  m 
the  Virginia  White  Sulphur. 

Many  peculiar  operative  effects  of  these  waters,  as 
noticed  by  Dr.  Salisbury  in  his  valuable  little  work 
on  the  Avon  Springs,  are  strikingly  the  same  that  I 
noticed  in  this  and  the  early  editions  of  my  work  as 


\i,  > 


844  JVEfV  VOX  A'  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

distinguishing  the  operations  of  the  White  Sulphur 
waters.  Among  the  most  striking  of  these  are  the 
facts  noticed  by  Dr.  S.  of  the  similarity  of  the  action 
of  these  waters  and  that  of  calomel,  and  that  they 
sometimes  produce  copious  salivation.  As  is  the  case 
with  the  White  Sulphur,  the  most  valuable  effects  of  the 
Avon  waters  are  found  in  their  alttrative  or  changing 
effects,  and  these  effects  are  best  promoted  by  using  them 
in  such  doses  as  do  not  much  increase  the  natural  evacu- 
ations of  the  body.  Like  the  White  Sulphur,  the  quantity 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  which  the  Avon  waters 
contain  is  too  large  for  its  kindly  effects  in  many  cases, 
and  hence  Dr.  S.  remarks  that  after  it  has  been  heated, 
and  therefore  deprived  of  a  portion  of  its  gas,  it  be- 
comes more  aperient,  and  that  it  may  be  used  in  this 
way  "when  the  inflammatory  diathesis  prevails  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  resist  its  beneficial  and  successful  ad- 
ministration in  its  natural  state."  The  proper /r<Mfer 
oHon  of  the  amount  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  to  the 
wants  and  ability  of  the  system  to  bear  it,  especially  in 
commencing  the  use  of  the  water,  is  a  practical  matter 
of  great  importance  in  the  use  of  such  waters,  and  one 
to  which  I  have  directed  a  careful  attention  for  many 
years.* 

The  Richfield  Springs  are  in  the  county  of  Otsego. 
They  are  waters  that  have  come  into  popular  notice 
within  the  last  few  years,  and  are  now  largely  visited. 

The  analysis  of  these  waters  by  Prof.  Reed  shows 
that  one  gsdlon  of  the  water  contains— 

Btcartxmate  of  magnesi* *>  gmtos. 

Bicaibonaleoflime w     " 

Chloride  of  sodium  and  magnesia ^'^  „ 

Sulphate  of  magnesia.. ■ 30 

Hydrosulphote  of  maipiesia  and  lime -    • 

Sulphate  of  lime "»     " 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  per  gallon a6.6  Indies. 

•  See  chapter  vi.,  on  the  Relative  Virtues  of  the  Saline  and 
Gaseous  Contents  of  the  White  Sulphur  Water,  etc. 


Mi 


Ml 


\y^lBf^ 


* 


•R  SPXINGS. 

>f  the  White  Sulphur 
ling  of  these  are  the 
imilarity  of  the  action 
ilomel,  and  that  they 
'ation.  As  is  the  case 
L  valuable  effects  of  the 
alterative  or  (hanging 
romoted  by  using  them 
-ease  the  natural  evacu- 
te  Sulphur,  the  quantity 
hich  the  Avon  waters 
y  effects  in  many  cases, 
fter  it  has  been  heated, 
trtion  of  its  gas,  it  be- 
it  may  be  used  in  this 
athesis  prevails  to  such 
cial  and  successful  ad- 
. ' '  The  proper  gradur 
ted  hydrogen  gas  to  the 
to  bear  it,  especially  in 
;r,  is  a  practical  matter 
>f  such  waters,  and  one 
!ful  attention  for  many 

1  the  county  of  Otsego, 
le  into  popular  notice 
■e  now  largely  visited. 
\  by  Prof.  Reed  shows 
ntains — 

aogmins. 

lo     '• 

x.S  " 

30     " 

•     " 

ao     " 

,„ 96.6  inches. 

Virtues  of  the  Saline  and 
r  Water,  etc. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

NEW  YORK  SULPHUR  AND   ACIDULOUS  SPRINGS. 

aifton  Springs-Chlttenango  ^P""«*7^'^*".,^«l!lSn^GlSS;r. 
Manliui  Springs-Auburn  SpAngv-Chappaqua  ^^^^^r 
sate  SDrinK— Spring  at  Troy— Nowburg  Spring—Spring*  in  Dutcft- 
Kd  cSia  ?:ountle^Cat.JciU  SP'r»K-r''Sl''"*l??™I?.;r 
Dryden  Springs-Rocheiter  Spring-Sprinp  in  M  "«•  Coun^^ 
oites.  Mendon.  and  Ogden-Verona  Spnng-Saq  "!»  Springy 
Spring  in  Niagara  County-Seneca  or  Deer  LicV  ;,^rinp.-Oak 
Orchird  Acid  Springs-Byron  Acid  Springir-Lebf^on  Spring- 
Adirondack  Spring. 

In  addition  to  the  two  principal  sulphurous  springs 
of  Sharon  and  Avon  already  noticed,  there  a  e  numer 
ous  others  of  less  public  notoriety.   The  first  of  ther,e  1 
shall  mention  is — 

CuFTON  Springs.— They  are  situated  in  the  cour  • 
of  Ontario,  between  Vienna  and  Canandaigua.  ia 
importance  they  should,  probably,  rank  next  to  Sha  on 
and  Avon.  The  odor  and  taste  of  these  waters  are  dis- 
tinctly sulphurous.  Their  temperature  is  S^  .  fa".'- 
These  waters.  Dr.  Beck  asserts,  have  their  ongm  in 
hydraulic  limestone,  underlying  a  stratum  of  common 
limestone.  There  are  here  several  springs,  one  of 
which  is  very  bold  and  yields  a  large  amount  of  wa< ;  i 
No  analysis  of  these  waters  has  been  given  to  the 
public,  that  I  am  aware  of. 

Chittenango  Springs  are  in  the  county  of  Madi- 
son, near  Chittenango  Creek.  Two  springs  here  have 
attracted  attention ;  their  temperature  is  49  Fahr. 
They  have  been  ascertained  to  cor'-^m  the  sulphates 

:-  a45  ) 


•m&^^m^  ^^m^m^^^^^^o^^^^^ i^yinw^w't- 


iHIHMI 


mam^ 


III 


,46       SULPHUR  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

and  carbonates  of  lime,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  chloride 
of  sodium,  with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic 
acid  gases.  Dr.  Beck  remarks  that  these  waters  are 
highly  esteemed  in  many  cases  of  disease,  and,  their 
location  being  very  eligible,  he  expresses  the  opinion 
that  when  they  are  better  known  they  will  be  much 
resorted  to. 

Messina  SuLPmni  Springs  are  situated  three  miles 
northeast  of  Syracuse,  and  one  mile  from  the  Erie 
Canal.  The  temperature  of  their  water  is  50°  Fahr., 
and  its  taste  strongly  sulphurous.  It  is  said  to  have 
been  used  with  good  effects  in  many  cases. 

An  analysis  of  the  water  shows  it  to  contain,  in  one 
pint — 

Cartxmate  of  Ume J-8S  g«)n»- 

Sulphate  of  lime "-SS     ^^ 

Sulphate  of  magnesia ^-So     ^^ 

CUorideof  calcium • "  *'33 

Manlius  Sfrings  are  situated  in  Onondaga  County. 
They  are  slightly  saline  in  taste,  and  are  impregnated 
in  but  slight  degree  with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas. 
They  have  acquired  some  local  reputation  as  a  reme- 
dial agent,  .        ,        .  „ 

In  the  neighborhood  of  these  springs  there  is  a  small 
sulphurous  lake,  known  by  the  name  of  Lake  Sodom. 
We  are  told  by  Dr.  Beck  that  the  depth  of  this  lake 
gradually  increases  from  its  northern  outlet  from 
twenty-five  to  one  hundred  and  sixty-eight  feet,  and 
that  water  drawn  from  this  depth  is  found  to  be  highly 
impregnated  with  sulphuretted  hydrogen.  The  color 
of  the  water  in  this  lake  is  a  deep  green,  from  which 
it  is  sometimes  called  Green  Pond. 

Auburn  Springs.— There  are  two  springs  that  bear 
this  name,  separated  several  miles  from  each  other. 


mmmm 


'  NEW  YORK, 

of  magnesia,  chloride 
(rdrogen  and  carbonic 
that  these  waters  are 
of  disease,  and,  their 
expresses  the  opinion 
fn  they  will  be  much 


re  situated  three  miles 
e  mile  from  the  Erie 
leir  water  is  50**  Fahr., 
[IS.  It  is  said  to  have 
nany  cases, 
rs  it  to  contain,  in  one 


x.8s  grains. 

8.SS     " 

1.36     " 

~J^     " 

13.09     " 

i  in  Onondaga  County, 
e,  and  are  impregnated 
liuretted  hydrogen  gas. 
tl  reputation  as  a  reme- 

;  springs  there  is  a  small 

s  name  of  Lake  Sodom. 

the  depth  of  this  lake 

northern    outlet  from 

nd  sixty-eight  feet,  and 

>th  is  found  to  be  highly 

hydrogen.     The  color 

deep  green,  from  which 

*ond. 

re  two  springs  that  bear 
miles  from  each  other. 


CHAPPAQUA  AND  HARROWGATE  SPRINGS.     34? 

One  of  these  is  situated  two  miles  north  of  the  village 
of  Auburn ;  the  other  four  miles  west  of  the  same  vil- 
lage. An  ana'ysis  of  the  latter  spring,  by  Dr.  Chilton, 
shows  the  following  ingredients  in  one  pint  of  the 
water  :— 

Sulphate  of  lime *S  «>  g»lni. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia 3'«>     |, 

Chloride  of  magnesium o-aS 

Chloride  of.so£um o-75\ 

i9.ao     " 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen,  1.5  cubic  inches. 

In  the  valley  of  the  Hudson,  Dr.  Beck  mentions 
numerous  sulphurous  springs.  They  are  found  from 
the  neighborhood  of  Sing  Sing  to  Fort  Miller,  a  dis- 
tance of  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 

The  Chappaqua  Spring  is  four  miles  from  Sing  Sing. 
It  holds  in  solution  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  cal- 
cium, and  the  muriates  of  iron  and  magnesia. 

HARkowGATE  SPRING  is  near  Greenbush,  in  Rens- 
selaer County. 

There  is  also  a  sulphurous  spring  in  the  northern  end 
of  the  city  of  Troy,  in  Rensselaer  County. 

There  are  several  sulphur  springs  in  the  county  of 
Albany,  one  of  them  very  near  the  city  of  Albany. 

The  Newburo  Spring,  slightly  impregnated  with 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  is  in  the  county  of  Orange. 

In  Dutchess  and  Columbia  Counties  there  are  several 
springs.  The  most  noted  one  in  Dutchess  is  near 
Ameniaville.  In  Columbia  there  is  one  on  the  farm 
of  Mr.  McNaughton,  between*  the  Shaker  Village  and 


AM., 


848       SULPHUR  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

the  Lebanon  Springs,  and  another  near  the  village  of 
Kinderhook. 

The  Catskill  Spring  is  two  miles  from  the  village 
of  Catskill,  in  the  county  of  Greene.  There  are  several 
others  in  the  same  neighborhood. 

In  the  southwestern  part  of  the  State  we  find  the 
NanHcoke  Spnt$g,  in  the  county  of  Broome.  It  has 
acquired  considerable  reputation.  Dryden  Sprites  are 
in  the  town  of  Dryden,  in  Tompkins  County,  ten 
miles  from  Ithaca.  They  have  acquired  reputation 
in  their  region  of  country,  and  are  considerably  re- 
sorted to. 

RocHESTSR  Spring,  otherwise  known  as  Lot^muit's 
Su^hur  Well,  in  the  city  of  Rochester,  is  much  used 
by  the  inhabitants  of  the  city.  It  rises  through  a 
boring  of  two  hundred  feet  in  depth.  It  deposits, 
when  heated  to  ioo°  Fahr.,  carbonate  of  lime  and 
sulphur.  Its  temperature  at  the  surface  is  usually  52° 
Fahr.,  and  its  specific  gravity  1.00407.  One  pint  of 
the  water  contains — 

Cubonates  of  lime  and  ma(nesia,  with  a  trace  of  iron.  1.4S  jsrains. 

CUoride  of  sodium -  *-Sa     || 

Sulphate  of  wda •  ^-99 

M -99     " 
Sulphuretted  hydn^n,  a,i6  cubic  inches. 
Carbonic  acid  in  unall  quantity. 

In  the  county  of  Monroe  are  the  sulphurous  springs 
of  Gcaes,  MendoH,  and  Ogden,  at  all  of  which  there 
are  siiitable  bathing  arrangements  and  proper  accom- 
modations for  visitors. 

Verotut  SpHng  is  in  Oneida  CoxoAy,  fourteen  miles 
from  Utica.  Professor  Noyes's  analysis  of  the  water  of 
this  spring  shows  th»t  oite  pint  contoins— 


r  NEW  YORK. 

lier  near  the  village  of 


miles  from  the  village 
sne.    There  are  several 

the  State  we  find  the 
:y  of  Broome.  It  has 
a.  Drydeti  brings  are 
rompkins  County,  ten 
ire  acquired  reputation 
d  are  considerably  re- 


B  known  as  Longmuir's 
ochester,  is  much  used 
y.  It  rises  through  a 
n  depth.  It  deposits, 
carbonate  of  lime  and 
e  surface  is  usually  5  a" 
1.00407.    One  pint  of 


I  a  trace  of  iron.  1.48  grains. 

„  6.sa     '• 

6.99     " 


dies. 


M.99 


;  the  sulphurous  springs 
,  at  all  of  which  there 
ints  and  proper  accom- 


.  County,  fourteen  miles 
B  analysis  of  the  water  of 
;  contains — 


A'D  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK.  249 

Chloride  of  calcium,  with  chloride  of  magnesium...    B-So  gnj}"*- 

Sulphate  of  lime 2:\^     .. 

Chloride  of  sodium '  ^  ' 

106.00     " 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen  is  very  abundant  in  the  water,  amounting 
almost  to  complete  saturatior.. 

About  nine  miles  from  Utica  are  the  SaquoitSpHngs. 
Their  waters  are  very  highly  impregnated  with  carbu- 
retted  hydrogen,  and  contain,  m  considerable  quanti- 
d«  the  chlSrides  of  sodium  and  magnesmm,  with  a 
sSl7>rtion  of  the  sulphate  of  lime  and  a  trace  of 
™n.  So  abundant  is  the  carburetted  hydrogen  in  the 
water,  that  it  is  collected,  conducted  through  tubes, 
and  kept  constantly  burning. 

In  Niagara  County  there  are  several  sulphur  springs; 
among  them  maybl  mentioned  those  near  the  Falls 
of  Niagara,  those  near  Lockport,  and  those  also  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Lewistown. 

The  Seneca  or  Deer  Lick  Springs  are  in  Erie  County, 
four  miles  from  Buffalo.  They  hold  >«  solution  car- 
bonates of  lime,  soda,  and  magnesia,  w»Jh  sulphate  of 
lime.    They  abound  richly  in  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 

We  are  told  that  sulphurous  springs  are  also  found 
in  the  northern  part  of  New  York,  in  Lewis,  Clinton, 
and  St.  Lawrence  Counties. 

ACID  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

In  addition  to  the  acidulo-saline  and  sulphurous 
waters  already  described,  there  are  m  New  York  sev- 
eral a«V/«/^/springs.  The  acid  quality  of  these  waters 
is  owing  to  their  holding  in  solution  »«  excess  of  sul- 
phuric acid,  which  is  readily  detected  both  by  their 
taste  and  by  chemical  reageftts.  . 

aa 


-■''^iiMse-aa.j^a^ 


glsiiifta«iJMW-'.'iifcur'' 


••*#•• 


W^'- 


250  ^CW  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

These  waters  are  found  to  be  so  largely  impregnated 
with  iron  in  the  form  of  a  protosulphate,  and  with 
sulphate  of  alumina,  as  to  entitle  them  to  be  called 
chalybeate  or  alum  waters  with  as  much  propriety  as 
they  are  called  acidulous.  Similar  springs  in  Vir- 
ginia are  uniformly  known  by  the  name  of  alum 
springs. 

Acidulated  aluminous  springs,  partaking  of  the  same 
general  character  of  the  acid  springs  of  New  York, 
which  we  are  about  to  consider,  are  found  in  every 
neighborhood  in  certain  geological  districts  in  Vir- 
ginia, .and  especially  on  the  eastern  and  western  slopes 
of  the  Alleghany  chain  of  mountains,  through  the  en- 
tire district  there  known  as  the  great  "  Spring  Region." 

Fountains  of  the  same  general  character  are  found 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  also  in  the  eastern  portion  of 
Tennessee,  and  will  probably  be  discovered  along  the 
entire  course  of  the  great  Appalachian  upheavings,  or 
axis  of  disturbance  from  the  extreme  north  to  the  allu- 
vial plains  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  principal  springs  of  this  class  in  New  York  are 
the  Oak  Orchard  Springs.  They  are  eight  in  number. 
Their  situation  is  in  Genesee  County,  eight  miles  south- 
east from  Lockport,  and  about  six  miles  from  the  Erie 
Canal,  at  the  village  of  Medina.  These  waters  have 
been  analyzed  by  Professor  Emmons  and  Dr.  Chilton. 

Professor  Emmons's  examination  of  Spring  No.  i 
shows  that  one  pint  of  the  water  contains  the  following 
ingredients : — 

Free  sulphuric  acid 31.50  grains. 

Sulphate  of  protoxide  of  lime 19.50      " 

Sulphate  of  lime 4.50      " 

Sulirfiate  of  magnesia 3.00      " 

Silica 0.33      '• 

Organic  matter 1.33      " 

S9i«      " 
Equal  to  473.08  grains  to  the  gallon. 


TEW  YORK. 

30  largely  impregnated 
otosulphate,  and  with 
tie  them  to  be  called 
as  much  propriety  as 
milar  springs  in  Vir- 
1  the  name  of  alum 

partaking  of  the  same 
prings  of  New  York, 
rr,  are  found  in  every 
gical  districts  in  Vir- 
ern  and  western  slopes 
itains,  through  the  en- 
reat  "Spring  Region." 
al  character  are  found 
the  eastern  portion  of 
:  discovered  along  the 
lachian  upheavings,  or 
reme  north  to  the  allu> 
:o. 

class  in  New  York  are 
y  are  eight  in  number, 
iinty,  eight  miles  south- 
iix  miles  from  the  Erie 
a.  These  waters  have 
mons  and  Dr.  Chilton. 

ition  of  Spring  No.  i 
contains  the  following 


31.50  gmins. 
19.50      " 

4SO      " 
a.oo      " 

0.33      *• 
1-33      " 


59.16 


OAK  ORCHARD  SPRINGS.  451 

Spring  No.  a  was  found  to  contain  but  24.25  grains 
of  free  acid  and  solid  ingredients  to  the  pint,  and  No. 
3  but  19. 33. 

Dr.  Chilton,  by  an  analysis  of  one  gallon  of  the  water 
of  Spring  No.  i,  arrives  at  results  strikingly  different 
from  those  of  Professor  Emmons.  His  researches*  show 
one  gallon  to  contain — 

Free  sulphuric  acid 82.96  grains. 

Sulphate  of  lime 39-6o      " 

Phosphate  of  iron ..- i4-3«      " 

Sulphate  of  alumina 9-68 

Sulphate  of  magnesia , 8.98 

suica 104    ;; 

Organic  extractive  matter -    3-*8 

159.16      " 
Equal  to  about  10  grains  to  the  pint. 

The  diflFerence  in  the  amount  of  these  waters  in  the 
several  fountains  during  wet  and  dry  weather  is  always 
noticeable,  and  in  some  instances  is  very  remarkable. 
Generally  they  are  surface  springs,  the  waters  obtain- 
ing their  peculiar  impregnations  by  percolating  through 
the  peculiar  argillite  slate  in  which  they  a^e  found. 
Whatever  difficulties  there  may  be  in  accounting  for 
the  peculiar  impregnations  of  some  mineral  waters, 
there  are  none  in  reference  to  this  class,  for  portions 
of  the  slaty  rock  through  which  the  waters  percolate, 
when  immersed  in  common  water,  produce  the  very 
same  impregnations  that  are  found  in  the  water  in  the 
pools  in  which  it  is  collected  for  use.  Many  persons 
in  the  South  use  at  their  homes  the  Virginia  alum 
waters  prepared  in  this  pro  re  nata  way  from  the  rock 
obtained  from  the  various  alum  fountains. 

Taking  Dr.  Chilton's  analysis  as  the  standard,  the 
Oak  Orchard  Springs  more  resemble  the  Rockbridge 
alum  waters  in  Virginia  than  any  others  to  which  they 

*  Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs  of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 


ijiMl^gj^^^^ ;., 


^'^mmkSM^^^^^^^-^^^^'- 


R 


r 


aja  ^^^^  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

can  be  compared.  The  resemblance  is  only  striking 
in  this,  however,  that  they  both  contain  free  sulphuric 
acid,  alumina,  and  iion  in  marked  proportions;  the 
sulphuric  acid,  lime,  iron,  and  magnesia  in  the  Wew 
York  springs  being  greater  than  In  the  Virginia^^ters, 
while  the  alumina  and  silica  art  more  than  fifty  per 
cent,  greater  in  the  latter.  In  addition  to  these  ingre- 
dients, common  to  both  waters,  the  Rockbridge  Spring 
contains  chlorate  of  sodium,  crenate  of  ammonia,  ana 
fr'-e  carbonic  acid,  ingredients  not  found  m  the  OaK 
Orchard  Springs. 

As  therapeutic  agents,  this  class  of  waters  are  tonic 
ar. '  astringent.    In  enfeebled  conditions  of  the  digest- 
ive and  uterine  functions,— in  cases  of  pure  a/tf«y  or 
feebleness  unaccompanied  by  inflammation  or  irritation 
in  any  of  the  organs,— in  exhaustion  from  previous  dis- 
ease, where  the  chief  complaint  is  debilitv,— and  m 
cases  of  anamia  or  poverty  of  the  blood,  when  uncon- 
nected with  obstinate  visceral  obstructions,  they  are 
safely  and  beneficially  prescribed.     In  pa^ive  hennor- 
rhages,  long-continued  intermittents,  and  dropsical  ef- 
fusions, unattended  with  organic  obstructions,  and  in 
leucorrhoea  and  chlorosis,  they  are  often  beneficial. 
In  chronic  diarrhoea,  as  well  as  in  chronic  irritations 
And  debility  of  the  kidneys,  bladder,  and  urethra,  they 
are  usefully  employed.    The  Virginia  waters  of  this 
class  have  proven  eminently  remedial  in  scrofula;  in- 
deed, no  remedy  is  now  attracting  so  much  attention 
for  this  formidable  disease,  in  the  Southern  country,  as 
the  alum  waters.    Upon  this  particular  subject,  as  well 
as  for  a  more  general  notice  of  the  therapeutic  range  of 
such  waters,  I  refer  the  reader  to  what  has  been  said 
under  the  head  of  the  Rockbridge  Alum  Springs. 

)r    S    P.  White*  thinks  favorably  of  the  Oak 
Orchard  Spring  waters  in  some  of  the  cutaneous  dis- 

•  Paper  read  before  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  in  ^em- 
ber,  1848.   Vide  "  Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs  of  the  United  States, 
etc. 


r£tV  YORK. 

(lance  is  only  striking 
contain  free  sulphuric 
•ked  proportions;  the 
magnesia  in  the  New 
;n  the  Virginia  waters, 
rt  more  than  fifty  per 
ddition  to  these  ingre- 
the  Rockbridge  Spring 
;nate  of  ammonia,  and 
not  found  in  the  Oak 

ass  of  waters  are  tonic 
onditions  of  the  digest- 
cases  of  pure  atony  or 
lammation  or  irritation 
stion  from  previous  dis- 
it  is  debility,— and  in 
he  blood,  when  uncon- 
obstructions,  they  are 
:d.     In  passive  hemor- 
ttents,  and  dropsical  ef- 
ic  obstructions,  and  in 
y  are  often  beneficial. 
IS  in  chronic  irritations 
idder,  and  urethra,  they 
Virginia  waters  of  this 
medial  in  scrofula ;  in- 
:ting  so  much  attention 
the  Southern  country,  as 
articular  subject,  as  well 
the  therapeutic  range  of 
■  to  what  has  been  said 
^v  Alum  Springs. 
'favorably  of  the  Oak 
oe  of  the  cutaneous  dis- 

akdemy  of  Medicine  in  Decem- 
1  Springs  of  the  United  States, 


B  YRON  AND  LEBANON  SPRINGS.  253 

eases,  and  in  the  colliquative  sweats  of  hectic  fever. 
He  regards  it  as  worthy  of  a  trial  in  the  phosphatic 
diathesis,  in  colica  pictonum,  and  asthma,  and  also  in 
chronic  laryngitis,  pharyngitis,  and  chronic  conjunc- 
tivitis. ,        , 

Dr.  White  recommends  that  this  water  be  taken  m 
"  about  a  wineglassful,  diluted  with  simple  water,  three 
times  a  day."  This  dose  is  much  smaller  than  I  have 
been  accustomed  to  recommend  in  the  use  of  similar 
waters.  The  practice  found  most  beneficial  with  the 
Virginia  waters  of  the  same  general  character  is  to  use  . 
from  two  to  six  half-pint  glasses  in  the  course  of  the 
twenty-four  hours. 

At  Clifton  Springs,  twelve  miles  from  Geneva,  there 
is  an  acid  spring.     I  have  not  seen  an  analysis  of  it. 

Byron  Acid  or  Sour  Springs  are  the  names  given 
to  two  acidulous  springs  in  the  town  of  Byron,  Genesee 
County.  One  of  these  springs  is  near  the  Byron  Hotel, 
and  is  remarkable  for  the  great  quantity  of  acid  con- 
tained in  its  waters.  It  is  a  stream  of  considerable 
boldness,  so  much  so  as  to  be  sufficient  to  operate  a 
grist-mill. 

Dr.  Beck  describes  this  water  as  intensely  sour, 
transparent  and  colorless,  and  of  the  specific  gravity  of 
I.I .304  at  60"  Fahr.  Its  saline  matter,  which  is  small, 
consists  of  silica  and  alumina,  with  a  small  quantity  of 
oxide  of  iron  and  lime.  Dr.  Beck  remarks  that  "  this 
is  a  nearly  pure,  though  dilute,  sulphuric  acid,  and  not 
a  solution  of  acid  salts  as  has  been  supposed,  for  the 
bases  are  in  too  minute  a  proportion  to  warrant  the 
latter  opinion." 

Lebanon  Spring  belongs  to  the  thermal  class  of 
waters.  It  is  in  the  county  of  Columbia.  The  bath- 
ing here  is  very  delightful,  the  temperature  of  the  water 
being  constantly  73°  Fahrenheit.  Its  mineral  impreg- 
nation is  scarcely  noticeable,  being  only  a  grain  and  a 

aa* 


Ji.-.Hy?>?*-*^--'"- 


■jftJJ-iHM:  !M&i!^  '  '^'i  ?'^^'' 


m 


854  ACW  SPXJNGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

quarter  in  a  pint.  So  abundant  is  the  supply  of  this 
thermal  water  that  it  is  employed  to  o'perate  two  or 
three  mills  erected  at  no  great  distance  from  Us  source. 

The  Adirondack  Spring  was  discovered  in  1868. 
It  is  situated  in  the  village  of  Whitehall,  forty  miles 
north  of  Saratoga,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Champlain. 

It  has  been  analyzed  by  Prof.  C  Collier,  of  Vermont 
University,  who  reports  that  one  gallon  of  it  contains— 

Acids. 

Carbonic  acid*,  free 3»86»  P««»- 

Carbonic  acids,  combined 93.591      ^^ 

Sulphuric  acid • JS'*     ., 

Chlorine -    ^^^ 

Bases. 

Oxide  of  iron 3*»9 

Oxide  of  manganese traces. 

Lime !: M.970     ;; 

Magnesia .  7-9X4 

Aluiiina. ♦««=«• 

AlkaHes. 

Potassa '■ 3-^3     ;; 

Soda "•6°«     .. 

Lithia ~|     .. 

Silica 74a 

110.696  " 
Temperature,  sa"  Fahr. 

Sulphate  of  lime »J-*34  " 

Carbonate  of  lime aI^2  •• 

Cari>onate  of  magnesia. I6.t>i8  _^ 

Carbonate  of  iron S'°40 

Carbonate  of  manganese traces.  ^^ 

Carbonate  of  potash 5-3X7  ^^ 

Carbonate  of  soda S-X3S  ^, 

Carbonate  of  Uthia °»3  „ 

Chloride  of  sodium X4-340 

Alumina »"<*»•  „ 

SiUca ,  •74a      ..    . 

Free  carbonic  acid -••  67-a7S  cwbic  m. 

The  analysis  shows  the  water  to  be  a  saline  chalybeate, 
and  of  promising  therapeutic  character. 


Mi 


'ElV  YORK. 

is  the  supply  of  this 
ed  to  operate  two  or 
stance  from  its  source. 

s  discovered  in  1868. 
Whitehall,  forty  miles 
f  Lake  Champlain. 
::.  Collier,  of  Vermont 
gallon  of  it  contains — 


31.861  gndns. 

33.591  " 

6.594  " 

_    8.701  " 

3»a9  " 

traces. 

M-970  " 

7.914  " 

traces.  " 

3-6"3  " 

10.609  " 

009  '• 

74a  " 

110.696  " 

"•»34  " 

18.543  " 

16.618  " 

S.040     " 

>■  •••••••••••••••  trttcCa. 

5.317  " 

S.13S     " 

023     •• 

14.340     " 

traces. 

74»      ^.    . 

67.275  cubic  in. 

to  be  a  saline  chalybeate, 
haracter. 


CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 

SPRINGS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 
EphAu  Spnngs-Yellow  Springs-Caledonia  Springs. 

Pursuing  the  plan  I  have  adopted  of  introducing  the 
States  somewhat  in  respect  to  the  extent  and  impor- 
tance of  their  mineral  waters,  I  next  notice  the  mineral 
springs  of  Pennsylvania;  and  first,  as  holding  the  high- 
est rank  among  her  mineral  fountains,  the 

BEDFORD  SPRINGS. 

The  strong  mineral  impregnation  of  the  Be^^f^'J 
waters,  their  valuable  therapeutic  effects,  the  high 
mountain  altitude  in  which  they  are  situated,  together 
with  the  delightful  summer  climate  and  very  pleasant 
mountain  scenery  of  their  neighborhood,  combine  to 
make  them  a  place  of  large,  pleasant,  and  useful  resort, 
alike  to  the  seekers  of  health  and  the  votaries  of  pleasure. 
They  are  in  the  county  of  Bedford,  and  two  miles  from 
the  village  of  Bedford,  one  hundred  miles  west  of  Har- 
risburg,and  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  northwest 
from  Baltimore;  they  are  less  than  one  hundred  miles 
•east  of  Pittsburg,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty  north- 
west from  Washington. 

The  principal  spring  is  known  as  Andenoris;  the 

(  ass  ) 


; 


\ 


I 


356  SPRINGS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Others  are  called  Sweet,  Sulphur,  Chalybeate,  Limestone, 
and  Fletcher' s  or  Upper  Spring. 

Anderson's  Spring  is  a  saline  chalybeate  water.  Its 
inost  active  ingredients  are  sulphate  of  magnesia  and 
carbonate  of  iron  ;  the  former  exists  in  the  water  in  the 
large  proportion  of  80  grains  to  the  gallon,  the  latter  in 
that  of  5  grains.  Dr.  Church,  who  analyzed  this  water 
in  1825,  states  that  "the  water  is  clear,  lively,  and. 
sparkling.  At  10  a.m.  on  the  a8th  of  May,  the  tem- 
perature of  the  water  in  the  spring  was  58°  Fahr.,  while 
that  of  the  surroimding  atmosphere  was  73°  of  the 
same  scale.  Its  specific  gravity  is  1029.  It  has  a  pecu- 
liar saline  taste,  resembling  a  weak  solution  of  Epsom 
salts  in  water,  impregnated  with  carbonic  acid,  and 
exhales  no  perceptible  odor.  On  exposure  in  an  open 
vessel  to  the  air,  it  becomes  vapid,  but  does  not  become 
turbid  or  deposit  a  sediment.  The  water  deposits  car- 
bonate of  iron  on  those  substances  over  which  it  con- 
stantly flows.  Limestone,  iron  ore,  calcareous  and  sili- 
cious  substances  abound  about  the  spring." 

Dr.  Church's  analysis  of  one  quart  of  the  water  shows 
the  following  results: — 

Sulphate  of  magnesia,  or  Epsom  salts ao  grains. 

Sulphate  of  lime 3l  " 

Muriate  of  soda « -  aj  || 

Muriate  of  lime |  ]] 

Carbonate  of  iron i*  " 

C^arbonateof  lime • *  " 

Loss * 

IT  " 
Carix>nic  acid  gas,  i8i  cubic  inches. 

The  Sweet  Springs,  according  to  Dr.  Church,  "are 
two  in  number,  and  issue  from  fissures  in  slate  rocks, 
about  fifty  yards  apart,  on  the  east  side  of  Federal  Hill, 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  from  Anderson's 
Spring,  from  which  they  are  separated  by  Shover's 
Creek.     They  are  copious  springs,  of  remarkably  pure 


:'Hi 


HHHI 


SYLVANIA. 
Chalybeate,  Limestone, 

chalybeate  water.  Its 
•hate  of  magnesia  and 
ists  in  the  water  in  the 
he  gallon,  the  latter  in 
lio  analyzed  this  water 
'  is  clear,  lively,  and. 
i8th  of  May,  the  tem- 
g  was  58°  Fahr.,  while 
)here  was  73°  of  the 
i  1039.  It  has  a  pecu- 
:ak  solution  of  Epsom 
h  carbonic  acid,  and 
n  exposure  in  an  open 
I,  but  does  not  become 
rhe  water  deposits  car- 
ces  over  which  it  con- 
re,  calcareous  and  sili- 
le  spring." 
lart  of  the  water  shows 


ao  grains. 

3l  " 

94  " 

i  " 

li  *• 

a  " 

i  " 

IT  " 


g  to  Dr.  Church,  "are 
fissures  in  slate  rocks, 
it  side  of  Federal  Hill, 
ards  from  Anderson's 
^parated  by  Shover's 
{s,  of  remarkably  pure 


BEDFORD  SPRINGS. 


m 


water,  which  is  very  clear  and  colorless.  Its  tempera- 
U,re  wa-S  on  the  28th  of  May.  «»  Fahr  The  water 
of  these  springs  is  used  for  cooking,  wJLsh.ng,  etc.  by 
°he  residents  at  Bedford  Springs,  and  the  VH.tors  de- 
cide<lly  prefer  it  for  drinking-water,  and,  on  account  of 
il^purit?,  they  very  appropriately  called  these  springs 
lit  Sweet  Springs." 

The  Sulphur  Spring  is  on  the  west  side  of  Shover's 
Creek,  about  two  hundred  yards  from  Anderson  s 
Sorine.  It  is  not  so  copious  in  its  flow  as  the  other 
S.  Its  temperature  is  56°  Fahr.,  and  it  has  a 
stroni  odor  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen.  Dr.  Church  8 
experiments  with  this  water  determined  that  it  holds 
in  solution  carbonic  acid,  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas, 
with  lime,  magnesia,  and  common  salt  in  small  quan- 
tities.    This  spring  contains  no  iron. 

The  Chalybeate  Spring,  Dr.  Church  states,  "rises 
in  a  meadow,  about  one  and  a  half  miles  northeast  of 
Bedford,  and  about  three  miles  from  Anderson  s  bpring. 
It  is  not  a  copious  spring.    The  water  exhales  the  pe- 
culiar odor  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas,  a"d  is  cov 
ered  with  a  thin  whitish  pellicle.     When  first  taken 
from  the  spring  it  is  clear  and  limpid  but  on  exposure 
in  an  open  vessel  to  the  action  of  the  air  it  becomes 
turbid.     Its  taste  is  ferruginous  and  slightly  hepatic. 
Experiments  prove  that  this  water  contains  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid  gases,  carbonate  of  iron, 
muriate  of  soda,  and  a  minute  portion  of  magnesia. 
In  cleaning  out  this  spring,  many  years  ago.  a  Ra^  o« 
the  skeleton  of  a  mammoth  was  found  imbedded  m  the 
mud. 

The  Limestone  Spring  is  a  bold  fountain  of  pure 
water,  about  two  hundred  yards  below  Anderson  s 
Spring.     Its  temperature  is  51°  Fahr. 


agS  spxrNGs  of  Pennsylvania. 

Fletcher's,  or  the  Upper  Spring,  is  on  the  west 
side  or  Constitution  Hill,  one  hundred  and  fifty  yardr 
from  Anderson's  Spring.  Its  temperature  is  55°  Fahr. 
Dr.  Church's  experiments  with  this  water  show  that,  as 
compared  with  that  of  Anderson's  Spring,  it  containi 
rather  more  iron  and  common  salt,  with  less  magne- 
sia, and  about  the  same  proportion  of  the  other  ingre- 
dients. 

The  Bedford  waters  are  laxative  and  tonic  in  their 
effects.  They  are  said  to  "give  rise  to  full  purging, 
and  cause  a  discharge  of  bilious  or  other  acrid  matters, 
with  as  much  activity  as  the  most  powerful  purgatives. 
They  also  excite  the  action  of  the  kidneys  and  skin, 
rausing  a  very  free  secretion  of  urine  and  perspiration. " 


GETTYSBURG  SPRING. 

This  spring  is  located  one  mile  west  of  Gettysburg, 
Adams  County,  Pennsylvania.  It  rises  in  a  portion  of 
the  battle-ground  made  famous  by  one  of  the  most  san- 
guinary struggles  of  our  recent  civil  war.  If  not  en- 
tirely unknown  as  a  water  possessing  curative  powers, 
it  was  unknown  to  the  fame  it  now  enjoys,  until  after 
its  surrounding  hills  were  moistened  by  the  fraternal 
blood  of  contending  hosts. 

The  legend  of  the  place,  that  the  virtues  of  the  waters 
were  first  demonstrated  by  wounded  soldiers  who  fell 
in  battle  in  the  vicinity  of  the  springs,  is  probably 
more  romantic  than  true.  But  there  is  little  doubt  that 
the  distinction  which  the  famous  battle  gave  to  the 
ground  in  which  the  spring  is  situated  did  much  to 
direct  attention  to  the  spring  and  to  lead  to  a  more 
thorough  examination  of  its  waters.  The  chemical  ex- 
amination of  this  spring  by  Prof.  Genth  recognizes  the 
following  constituents,  in  the  proportions  stated,  in 
331  cubic  inches  of  the  water :— r 


MVaNIA. 

NO,  it  on  the  west 
Ired  and  fifty  yardr 
erature  is  55°  Fahr. 
water  show  that,  as 
Spring,  it  contains 
t,  with  less  magne- 
of  the  other  ingre- 

and  tonic  in  their 
ise  to  full  purging, 
other  acrid  matters, 
)owerful  purgatives. 
!  kidneys  and  skin, 
sand  perspiration." 


ING. 

vest  of  Gettysburg, 
rises  in  a  portion  of 
)ne  of  the  most  san- 
tril  war.  If  not  en- 
ng  curative  powers, 
V  enjoys,  until  after 
led  by  the  fraternal 

virtues  of  the  waters 
ed  soldiers  who  fell 
prings,  is  probably 
e  is  little  doubt  that 

battle  gave  to  the 
uated  did   much  to 

to  lead  to  a  more 
I.  The  chemical  ex- 
renth  recognizes  the 
•portions  stated,  in 


m\ 


GETTYSBURG  SPRING, 


^59 


Sulphate  of  baryta. „ : trace. 

Sulphate  of  strontia 0,004.27  grains. 

Sulphate  of  lime , 0,831.45  " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. 6,779.40  " 

Sulphate  of  potash 0,308.36  " 

Sulphate  of  soda. 9,467.76  " 

Chloride  of  sodium 0,657.90  " 

Chloride  of  lithium trace. 

Bicarbonate  of  soda 0,704.57  " 

Bicarbonate  of  lime 16,408.15  " 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia 0,542.60  " 

Bicarbonate  of  iron 0,035.85  '" 

Bicarbonate  of  manganese 0,006.69  " 

Bicarbonate  of  nickel trace. 

Bicarbonate  of  cobalt trace. 

Bicarbonate  of  copper 0,000.50  " 

Borate  of  magnesia. 0,034.92  " 

PhosDhnte  of  lime 0,006.79  " 

Fluoride  of  calcium 0,009.54  " 

Alumina 0,003.80  " 

Silicic  acid 2,030.88  " 

Organic  matter,  with  traces  of  nitric  acid,  etc...  0,708.70  " 

Impurities  suspended  in  the  water,  like  clay,  etc.  i  ,100.69  " 

Analyses  of  mineral  waters,  however  perfect  they 
may  be  (and  they  are  very  often  imperfect),  cannot,  in 
the  very  nature  of  the  case,  do  more  than  plausibly 
indicate  probable  applicabilities  and  efficiencies,  and 
should  always  be  regarded  rather  as  plausible  hints  to 
the  invalid  and  the  medical  man  than  as  positively  de- 
termining medicinal  efficacy  and  value.  The  very  tests 
which  reveal  some  qualities  in  mineral  waters  may  have 
the  power  of  destroying  others,  and  these,  too,  may  be 
those  in  which  the  medicinal  properties  reside.  The  re- 
medial properties,  then,  of  mineral  waters  cannot  be  de- 
termined with  any  positive  certainty  by  analysis,  however 
nicely  conducted,  but  must  be  ascertained  by  experience. 

One  dozen  carefully  diagnosed  and  "well-watched" 
cases,  under  the  nse  of  a  mineral  water,  will  do  more  to 
determine  its  medicinal  powers  than  any  analysis  that 
can  be  made  by  the  ablest  chemist.  But  taking  the 
mdications  which  analysis  reasonably  supposes,  and  ap- 


a6o 


SPRINGS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


plying  them  to  the  Gett)rsburg  water,  we  would  expect 
to  witness  from  its  use  the  same  character  of  effects  that 
have  been  known  for  centuries  to  result  from  the  Euro- 
pean waters  of  similar  chemical  composition,  such,  for 
instance,  as  the  well-known  waters  of  Ems,  Teplitz, 
Mont  (fOr,  and  Vichy,  which  the  Gettysburg  water  suf- 
ficiently resembles  to  justify  a  plausible  inference  that 
its  medicinal  efficacy  would  be  similar. 

This  water  belongs  to  the  carburetted  class  of  waters, 
and  holds  in  solution  ingredients  that  have  given  much 
reputation  to  such  waters,  both  in  Europe  and  America; 
and  if  judged  alone  by  its  analysis,  favorably  impresses 
the  medical  mind  as  to  its  therapeutic  efficiency  in  some 
important  forms  of  disease. 

The  bicarbonate  of  lithia,  found  in  this  spring,  is  an 
interesting  fact.  In  addition  to  the  modifying  influ- 
ences which  this  agent  may,  and  probably  does,  exert 
upon  its  associated  ingredients,  its  affinity  for  uric  acid, 
and  its  consequent  specific  efficacy  in  dissolving  uritic 
concretions  when  removed  from  the  body,  plausibly  in- 
dicate its  adaptation  to  the  same  end  when  internally 
used. 

The  chemical  composition  of  this  water  as  shown 
by  its  analysis,  taken  as  a  whole,  plainly  indicates  its 
adaptation  as  a  valuable  remedy  in  a  long  list  of  affec- 
tions of  the  mucous  surfaces,  and  especially  in  dyspeptic 
depravities,  chronic  irritations  of  the  bowels,  as  well  as 
of  similar  conditions  of  the  kidneys  and  bladder.  The 
invalid  may  hopefully  look  to  the  use  of  waters  contain- 
ing the  salts  found  in  the  Gettysburg  spring,  not  only 
in  chronic  inflammations  and  irritations  of  the  organs 
alluded  to,  but  also  in  certain  pulmonary  disturbances, 
as  bronchitis,  chronic  laryngitis,  humoral  asthma,  ca- 
tarrh, etc. 

The  reported  curative  efiects  of  the  water  during  the 
last  five  years  are  highly  favorable  to  its  employment 
in  dyspepsia,  chronic  diarrhoea,  gout,  chronic  rheu- 
matism ;  in  th«  various  kidney  and  bladder  affections, 


VSYLVANtA. 


GETTYSBURG  SPRING. 


s6i 


water,  we  would  expect 
character  of  effects  that 
to  result  from  the  Euro- 
1  composition,  such,  for 
waters  of  Ems,  Teplitz, 
he  Gettysburg  water  suf- 
plausible  inference  that 
;  similar. 

rburetted  class  of  waters, 
Its  that  have  given  much 
in  Europe  and  America; 
lysis,  favorably  impresses 
ipeutic  efficiency  in  some 

>und  in  this  spring,  is  an 
1  to  the  modifying  influ- 
and  probably  does,  exert 
>,  its  affinity  for  uric  acid, 
ficacy  in  dissolving  uritic 
jm  the  body,  plausibly  in- 
iame  end  when  internally 

1  of  this  water  as  shown 
hole,  plainly  indicates  its 
:dy  in  a  long  list  of  affec- 
and  especially  in  dyspeptic 
r  of  the  bowels,  as  well  as 
Mdneys  and  bladder.  The 
the  use  of  waters  contain- 
jttysburg  spring,  not  only 
1  irritations  of  the  organs 
in  pulmonary  disturbances, 
itis,  humoral  asthma^  ca- 

:ts  of  the  water  during  the 
orable  to  its  employment 
hoea,  gout,  chronic  rheu- 
\ey  and  bladder  affections, 


and  especially  in  those  of  uric  acid  predominance.  In 
albuminuria  or  Bright' s  disease  it  has  been  successfully 
prescribed  before  positive  degeneration  of  the  kidneys 
had  taken  place,  and  in  some  cases  of  diabetes  it  has 
been  successfully  prescribed. 

This  water  is  decidedly  <i//^r<i/rW,  as  well  as  specific; 
indeed,  its  principal  sanative  influences  are  exerted  in 
its  alterative  power.  This  supposes  its  absorption  into 
the  general  current  of  the  circulation,  and  the  influence 
there  of  the  efficient  medicinal  materials  which  it  holds 
in  solution,  in  correcting  the  blood  and  the  diseased 
organs  and  tissues,  which  such  medicinal  materials  are 
adapted  to  alterate  and  correct;  thus  bringing  them 
into  a  natural  performance  of  their  functions,  and 
imparting  a  healthful  tone  and  energy  to  the  whole 
system. 

The  operations  of  this  and  all  other  alterative  waters 
are  quiet  and  unobtrusive ;  slow,  but  all  the  more  sure, 
'  and  permanently  valuable-,  because  slow,  in  radically  and 
effectually  accomplishii^  their  important  mission.  Its 
immediate  and  sensible  effects  are  not  very  marked, 
producing  ordinarily  but  little  efiect  upon  any  of  the 
excretory  organs. 

This  water,  although  very  extensively  employed  in 
the  treatment  of  disease  for  the  last  five  years,  has  been 
mostly  used  as  transported wcUer,  and  in  many  instances 
after  it  had  been  removed  from  the  spring  several 
months.  Recently,  extensive  improvements  have  been 
made  at  the  spring,  capable  of  accommodating  a  large 
number  of  visitors. 

The  Gettysburg  water,  being  essentially  ungaseous, 
and  holdit^  its  salts  firmly  in  solutiot),  is  excMdingly 
well  adapted  for  transportation.  Indeed,  with  the  single 
exception  of  its  ptartingwith  that  earthy  freshness  pecu- 
liar to  all  waters  just  issuing  from  their  source,  it  under- 
goes no  cha/ige  by  transportation,  either  by  deposition  of 
its  salts,  taste,  general  appearance,  or  medicinal  efficacy. 
This  is  a  valuable  feature  in  the  water,  and  while  it  in- 

«3 


.  i 

-  i 


■ 


i6fl 


SPXINCS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


■\  m 


creases  the  material  value  of  the  fountain  to  its  pro- 
prietors, gives  confident  assurance  to  invalids  of  the 
equal  efficacy  of  the  transported  water  with  that  used 
fresh  at  the  spring. 

A  proper  method  of  using  the  Gettysburg  water  in 
ordinary  cases  is  to  take  from  one  and  a  htdf  to  three 
pints  in  the  course  of  the  day  and  night, — that  is,  from 
one  to  three  half-pint  glasses  at  intervals  before  break- 
fast, one  before  dinner,  and  from  one  to  two  before 
retiring  at  night. 

Fbankfort  Mineral  Springs. — ^These  springs  are 
situated  in  Beaver  County,  twenty-six  miles  southwest 
from  Pittsburg,  and  one  mile  and  a  half  from  the  vil- 
lage of  Frankfort.  The  principal  spring  is  known  as 
Cave  Spring.  It  arises  within  a  large  and  very  roman- 
tic cave,  on  the  plantation  of  Mr.  Stevens.  The  cave 
itself  is  an  interesting  natural  curiosity,  and  is  much 
visited  by  the  people  of  the  surrounding  country.  Dr. 
Church,  of  Pittsburg,  directed  attention  to  the  medi- 
cinal virtues  of  the  Cave  Spring  water  many  years  ago. 
By  his  analysis  the  water  is  found  to  contain  carbonic 
acid,  carbonate  of  iron,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  muriate 
of  soda,  a  minute  portion  of  bitumen,  and  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas. 

There  is  a  fountain  known  as  Leipet's  Spring,  very 
near  Frankfort,  which  Dr.  Church  found  to  hold  in 
solution  somewhat  more  carbonate  of  iron  and  muriate 
of  soda,  with  less  magnesia,  and  about  the  same  pro- 
portion of  carbonic  acid,  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  and 
bitumen,  that  is  found  in  the  Cave  Spring  water. 

Dr.  Church  remarks  that  these  waters  sometimes  oc- 
casion nausea  and  vomiting  when  first  drunk,  but  gen- 
erally they  set  kindly  and  pleasantly  on  the  stomach. 
It  generally  operates  mildly  on  the  bowels  and  copiously 
by  the  kidneys.  With  some  persons  its  free  use  occa- 
sions vertigo,  with  slight  sensation  of  intoxication.  As 
a  therapeutic  agent,  it  is  said  to  "  regulate  the  bowels. 


NSYLVANIA.    . 

le  fountain  tp  its  pro- 

nce  to  invalids  of  the 

:d  water  with  that  used 

le  Gettysburg  water  in 

one  and  a  half  to  three 

nd  night, — that  is,  from 

t  intervals  before  break- 

rom  one  to  two  before 


[GS. — ^These  springs  are 
enty-six  miles  southwest 
and  a  half  from  the  vil- 
cipal  spring  is  known  as 
a  large  and  very  roman- 
Mr.  Stevens.  The  cave 
1  curiosity,  and  is  much 
irrounding  country.  Dr. 
d  attention  to  the  medi- 
)g  water  many  years  ago. 
bund  to  contain  carbonic 
nate  of  magnesia,  muriate 
titumen,  and  sulphuretted 

I  as  Leipet'i  Spring,  very 
[Ihurch  found  to  hold  in 
onate  of  iron  and  muriate 
and  about  the  same  pro- 
phuretted  hydrogen,  and 

Cave  Spring  water. 
Iiese  waters  sometimes  oc- 
^hen  first  drunk,  but  gen- 
easantly  on  the  stomach. 
n  the  bowels  aiid  copiously 

{>ersons  its  free  use  occa- 
ation  of  intoxication.   As 

to  "  regulate  the  bowels, 


CHALYBEATE  SPHINGS—YORK  SPRINGS. 


263 


Strengthen  the  stomach,  improve  the  appetite,  clear  the 
skin,  promote  diaphoresis,  and  cause  great  freedom  of 
urination." 

Chalybeate  Spring  near  Pittsburg. — This  spring 
is  about  four  miles  from  the  city  of  Pittsburg.  Dr. 
John  Bell*  gives  the  following  description  and  analysis 
of  it  by  Dr.  Meade : — 

"When  the  water  remains  undisturbed  for  a  few 
hours,  it  is  covered  by  a  white  pellicle,  its  taste  is  lively 
and  rather  pungent,  with  a  peculiar  ferruginous  flavor, 
and  it  exhales  an  odor  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas. 
Its  temperature  is  very  generally  uniform,  and  is  54° 
Fahr.  The  specific  gravity  of  the  water  differs  little 
from  the  purest  water,  and  is  as  1.002  to  i.ooo. 

"According  to  Dr.  Meade's  analysis,  it  contains 
muriate  of  soda,  2  grains;  muriate  of  magnesia,  ^ 
grain;  oxide  of  iron,  i  grain;  sulphate  of  lime,  \ 
grain ;  carbonic  acid  gis  in  one  quart  of  water,  18 
cubic  inches. 

"  Dr.  Meade  thinks  this  water  even  superior,  in  a 
medical  point  of  view,  to  the  water  of  the  Schooiefs 
Mountain  Spring,  which  has  long  sustained  a  high 
character  for  its  chalybeate  properties." 

York  Springs. — These  springs  are  in  Adams  County, 
and  are  readily  reached  by  railroad  from  Philadelphia 
and  Baltimore.  There  are  here  two  principal  springs, 
one  strongly  chafybeate,  the  uther  distinctly  saline. 
The  latter  contains  6  grains  sulphate  of  lime,  4  muriate 
of  sou.i  and  1.20  sulpha ie  of  magnesia  in  a  pint  of 
water.  This  spring  is  said  to  be  diuretic  and  somewhat 
cathartic.  The  chalybeais  is  doubtless  adapted  to  the 
class  of  diseases  in  which  chalybeate  waters  are  com- 
monly prescribed. 


*  Mineral  and  Theimal  Springs,  etc. 


,g^  SPRINGS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Carlisle  Springs  are  mild  sulphurous  waters.  Tbey 
are  near  the  pleasant  town  of  Carlisle,  through  which 
passes  the  railroad  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg.  The 
hotel  accommodations  here  are  said  to  be  very  good. 

PSrry  County  Springs.— These  springs  are  at  the 
base  of  Pisgah  Mountain,  fourteen  miles  from  Harns- 
burg,  and  eleven  from  Carlisle.  They  belong  diBtinctly 
to  the  thermal  class,  their  temperature  being  from  70 
to  7  a"  Fahr.  When  used  as  a  dnnk  they  are  gently 
aperient  and  decidedly  diuretic.  They  4re  most  es- 
teemed as  a  bath,  and  employed  m  this  way  have 
proved  benefici?!  in  various  disorders,  and  especially 
in  diseases  of  the  skin. 

Doubling  Gap  S"f.PHUROUS  and  Chalybeate 
Springs.— These  springs  are  in  Cumberland  County, 
about  thirty  miles  west  from  Harnsburg.  They  arc 
eight  miles  from  Newville,  through  which  the  Cumber- 
land Valley  Railroad  passes,  and  from  whence  passen- 
gers to  the  springs  are  conveyed  by  stages. 
^  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  John  Bell  for  Professor  Booth's 
chemical  examinations  of  these  waters.  Hftsays,  Ihe 
odor  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  perceived  at  some  dls- 
tance  from  the  springs,  imparts  to  this  water  the  pecu- 
liar properties  of  sulphur  springs.  Besides  this  ingre- 
dient. I  find  that  the  water  contains  carbonates  of  soda 
and  of  magnesia,  Glauber's  salts,  Epsom  salts,  and 
common  salt;  ingredients  which  give  it  an  increased 
value.  After  removing  the  excess  of  carbonic  acid 
which  it  contains,  it  gives  an  alkaline  reaction. 

Of  the  other  springs  he  remarks,  "The  chalybeate 
water  readily  yields  a  precipitate  after  ebullition  or 
continued  exposure  to  the  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 
Besides  the  bicarbonate  of  iron,  which  is  the  chiei 
characteristic,  it  also  contains  Epsom  salts,  common 
salt,  and  carbonate  of  magnesia."  .,,      « 

The  composition  of  these  springs  indicates  with  sufli- 


VSYLVANIA. 

iphurous  waters.  Thev 
Carlisle,  through  which 
phia  to  Pittsburg.  The 
said  to  be  very  good. 

hese  springs  are  at  the 
teen  miles  from  Harris- 

They  belong  distinctly 
)erature  being  from  70° 
1  drink  they  are  gently 
ic.  They  Are  most  es- 
oyed  in  this  way  have 
isorders,  and  especially 


)us  AND  Chalybeate 
in  Cumberland  County, 
Harrisburg.  They  are 
ough  which  the  Cumber- 
nd  from  whence  passen- 
ed  by  stages. 
Bell  for  Professor  Booth's 
e  waters.  Hft  says,  "  The 
n,  perceived  at  some  dis- 
ts  to  this  water  the  pecu- 
ings.  Besides  this  ingre- 
ntains  carbonates  of  soda 
salts,  Epsom  salts,  and 
tich  give  it  an  increased 
excess  of  carbonic  acid 
alkaline  reaction." 
marks,  "The  chalybeate 
)itate  after  ebullition  or 
excess  of  carbonic  acid, 
iron,  which  is  the  chief 
IS  Epsom  salts,  common 
5ia." 
}rings  indicates  with  suffi- 


BLOSSBURG  SPRINGS. 


^65 


cient  clearness  their  respective  applicability  as  thera- 
peutic agents.  The  first  belongs  to  the  mild  sulphurous 
saline,  the  second  to  the  carbonated  ferruginous  class. 

Fayette  Spring. — ^This  spring  is  situated  on  the  east- 
ern slope  of  the  Laurel  Hill,  and  near  the  great  National 
road.  The  water  is  chalybeate,  very  cold  and  abundant 
in  quality.  The  scenery  around  the  spring  is  wild  and 
romantic,  and  the  coolness,  freshness,  and  elasticity  of 
the  air  wholesome  and  invigorating. 

Bath  Chalybeate  Spring  is  near  the  town  of  Bristol, 
on'  the  Delaware.  Dr.  Bell  informs  us  that  "  these 
springs  used  to  be  visited  by  many  of  the  citizens  of 
Philadelphia,  on  account,  in  good  part,  of  ready  access 
to  them,"  and  that  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  wrote  an  ac- 
count of  them  in  1773.  They  seem  now  to  have  gone 
very  much  out  of  public  notice. 

Blossburg  Springs. — These  springs  belong  td  the 
class  known  as  acid  waters  in  New  York,  and  as  alum 
springs  in  Virginia.  In  taste  they  very  much  resemble 
the  Rockbridge  Alum  water.  They  contain  a  large 
amcunt  of  free  sulphuric  acid,  and  less  alumina  than 
the  Virginia  waters.  Unlike  Rockbridge  water,  they 
readily  deposit,  when  removed  from  the  spring,  a  large 
portion  of  the  iron  they  hold  in  solution. 

The  Blossburg  waters  are  adapted  to  the  same  general 
class  of  diseases  for  which  the  Virginia  and  New  York 
acid  waters  are  beneficially  prescribed.  The  dose  of  a 
"  tablespoonful,"  in  which  they  are  sometimes  recom- 
mended, is  altogether  too  small  to  produce  any  benefi- 
cial effects  in  ordinary  cases.  I  have  had  an  opportunity 
of  examining  the  Blossburg  waters,  and  of  carefully  com- 
paring them  with  the  Rockbridge  waters,  and  I  am  sure, 
judging  from  the  relative  strength  of  the  two,  and  from 
my  knowledge  of  the  proper  dose  of  the  latter,  that 
from  two  to  four  or  even  five  glasses  of  the  Blossburg 
waters  may  in  many  cases  be  beneficially  taken  in  the 
course  of  the  twenty-four  hours. 

«3* 


,45  SPRWGS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

"  These  springs  are  in  Tioga  County,  "e";]^«  ^ew 
York  line,  and  in  the  immediate  region  of  beds  of  iron 
and  bituminous  coal.  i.,„„:« 

In  addition  to  the  mineral  springs  of  Pennfy^^*"  J' 
already  noticed,  there  are  numerous  pure,  cool,  and  in- 
vigorating fountains,  that  from  the  great  purity  of  the  r 
wfters.  their  healthful  situation,  the  character  of  their 
rccotnmodations,  and  the  facility  with  which  they  m^^^ 
£  reached,  have  become  places  of  ^^^^f  J"XSa 
resort.  In  this  category  may  be  reckoned  the^/Ar^/a, 
Yellow,  and  Caledonia  Springs.  I  will  notice  them  m 
the  order  in  which  I  have  named  them. 

The  Ephrata  Springs,  the  annual  resort  of  many 
persons  during  the  summer  «.ason.  are  "t«Jt«d  m  ^he 
!7ch  agricultural  county  of  Lancaster.  The  grounds 
S•ound^hem  are  very  pfe^nt,  the  scenery  intgjsUng, 
and  the  hotel  accommodations  excellent.  Baths  ot 
J^ious  temperatures  are  furnished,  and  many  induce- 
ments offered  to  make  the  s?ojourn  of  visitors  at  these 
Anrinss  both  agreeable  and  beneficial.  „.,,,, 

^rSwhw^Springs  are  thirty  miles  from  Philadel- 
phia in  thecouSy  of  Chester.  From  these  springs  a 
Sificcnt  view  of  a  most  interesting  surrounding 
SXry  is  obtained.  The  rides  and  drives  are  ve  v 
^  pleasant,  and  the  twice  daily  communication  with  Phil- 
Ehia  by  the  Reading  Railroad  and  stages  offers 
J;Sf  facilities  to  the  citizens  of  the  .tity  in  the  e^oy- 
ment  of  country  air  and  spring  recreations.  They 
haveVcilities  he?e  for  the  show^and  douche  -  we 
as  for  the  common  immersion  baths.  The  hotel  ac 
commodations  are  said  to  be  most  excellent. 

Caledonia  Brings  were  formerly  known  as  Swe- 
n^^s  Cold  springs.  They  arc  about  fi^^P  ™^1"  f  °™ 
Chambersburg.  Visitors  to  them,  on  "":»"8.*\^ham- 
bersburg,  may  immediately  proceed  by  coach  to  their 
dStiSon.  The  water  of  these  springs,  used  as  a 
bSh,h^  enjoyed  a  high  local  reputation  for  many 


VSYLVANIA. 

County,  near  the  New 
te  region  of  beds  of  iron 

prings  of  Pennsylvania, 
erous  pure,  cool,  and  in- 

the  great  purity  of  their 
a,  the  character  of  their 
lity  with  which  they  may 
s  of  considerable  summer 
e  reckoned  the  Ephrgta, 
r,  I  will  notice  them  in 
led  them. 

annual  resort  of  many 
:ason,  arc  situated  in  the 
.ancaster.  The  grounds 
,  the  scenery  interesting, 
>ns  excellent.  Baths  of 
ished,  and  many  induce- 
ijourn  of  visitors  at  these 
sneficial.  .  „  j  i 

irty  miles  from  Philadel- 
!r.     From  these  springs  a 

interesting  surrounding 
ides  and  drives  are  very 
communication  with  Phil- 
ailroad  and  stages  offers 
jof  the-fcityintheeijloy- 
pring  recreations.  They 
lower  and  douche,  as  well 
>n  baths.    The  hotel  ac- 

most  excellent. 

fbrmerly  known  as  Swe- 
rc  about  fifteen  miles  from 
hem,  on  arriving  at  Cham- 
proceed  by  coach  to  their 

these  springs,  used  as  a 
ocal  reputation  for  many 


CALEDONIA  SPRINGS. 


a67 


years,  in  the  cure  of  various  diseases  for  which  cold, 
tepid  or  warm  baths  are  common  y  employed.  Chrome 
rheumatism  has  been  often  submitted  to  the  Caledonia 
bath,  and,  it  is  said,  with  excellent  effect. 

The  waters  of  Caledonia  are  very  pure,  the  baths 
comfortable,  the  tuisine  admirable,  whi  e  the  mountain 
and  inteivate  scenery,  and  the  elastic,  nvigorating  at- 
m^iherrafford  all  that  could  be  desired  of  scenery 
nmate  to  delight  the  mind  -^^^Z^^^'^^^^^^ 
and  give  new  life  and  energy  to  the  habttuis  of  cities, 
worn  down  in  the  treadmill  of  incessant  toil,  counting- 
room  confinement,  or  commercial  anxieties. 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 


\n     < 


MINERAL  8PRW0S  OF  VERMONT. 

Clarendon  Gaseous  Springs.— This  is  a  mild  acid- 
ulous water,  very  slightly  impregnated  with  saline  mat- 
ter, so  slightly,  indeed,  as  to  make  it  rank  among  the 
purest  waters  known.  Dr.  Bell*  states  on  the  authority 
of  Dr.  Gallup,  who  published  a  notice  of  this  spring, 
that  it  has  been  ascertained  by  analysis  to  contain  in 
an  American  gallon,  235  cubic  inches,  the  following 
ingredients : — 

Nitrogen  oraiote 9.63  cubic  inches. 

Carbonic  acid 4»-" 

Besides  atmospheric  air.  , 

Carbonate  oflime ••••.•••:• ;  3*>a  P"»^ 

Muriate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  sulphate  of  ^^ 

magnesia *'^^ 

S-76     " 

Temperatun  of  the  Higher  spring  4«''  f"**'-.  <>'  *•»«  ^*'*'  54° 
Fahr. 

Tliese  waters  have  acquired  considerable  reputatioii 
in  the  surrounding  counfry  for  the  cure  of  dropsical 
effusions,  diseases  of  the  skin,  chronic  bronchitis,  irn- 
Utions  of  the  bladder,  etc. 

The  quantity  of  the  water  advised  tto  be  used  varies  • 
from  five  to  twenty-five  half-pint  tumblers  in  the  course 
of  the  twenty-four  hours.     It  is  said  that  on  com- 
mencing their  use  they  often  excite  slight  nausea, 
with  a  sense  of  warmth  on  the  surface,  but  that  those 

•  »<iiwend  and  Thermal  Waters,  etc. 
(a68) 


mmr- 


txxix. 

)F  VERMONT. 

BS. — ^This  is  a  mild  acid- 
egnated  with  saline  mat- 
make  it  rank  among  the 
I*  states  on  the  authority 
a  notice  of  this  spring, 
)y  analysis  to  contain  in 
ic  inches,  the  following 

9,63  cubic  inches. 

46.16     '• 

, 3.0a  grain*. 

and  sulphate  of 
a74     " 

S-76     " 
{  48'  Fahr.,  of  the  Lower  54° 

i  considerable  reputation 
for  the  cure  of  dropsical 
,  chronic  bronchitis,  irri- 

advised  io  be  used  varies 
int  tumblers  in  the  course 
It  is  said  that  on  com- 
en  excite  slight  nausea, 
le  surface,  but  that  those 


mal  Waters,  etc. 


MISSISQUOI  AND   VERMONT  SPRINGS.     369 

sensations  disappear  in  five  or  six  hours,  in  which  time 
their  diuretic  effects  will  be  manifest. 

Newburg  Sulphur  Spring  is  twenty-seven  miles  in 
an  easterly  direction  from  Montpelier.  This  is  a  spring 
of  some  notoriety  in  the  country  around,  and  consid- 
erably resorted  to  by  invalids.  No  analysis,  so  far  as 
I  know,  has  been  made  of  the  water,  but  it  »s  sa'd  to 
be  very  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen gas.  Other  springs  of  similar  character  are 
found  in  the  same  region  of  country. 

There  are  good  hotel  accommodations  here,  and 
pleasant  facilities  for  bathing.  The  use  of  the  water 
has  been  much  praised  in  disease  ^f  the  skin,  and  in 
scrofulous  affections. 

HiGHOATE  Springs,  eleven  miles  from  the  boat-land- 
ine  at  Albon's  Bay,  are  sulphurous  waters,.and  of  the 
same  general  character  asthose  of  the  Newburg  Spring. 

The  Abburgh  Spring  is  a  sulphurous  water,  similar 
to  the  waters  of  Newburg  and  Highgate  just  noticed. 

Professor  Hitchcock  mentions  a  thermal  spring  near 
Bennington,  but  does  not  give  its  temperature.  It 
throws  off  oxygen  and  nitrogen  gases,  and  the  water  is 
so  abundant  that  it  is  used  for  operating  machinery. 

MISSISQUOI  SPRINGS-VERMONT  SPRINGS. 

In  the  neighborhood  of  th  village  of  SheUon  are 
two  mineral  springs  that  have  recently  been  brought 
into  public  notice,  mainly  through  the  transportation 
of  their  waters,  and  publications  claiming  for  them 
extraordinary  virtues.  One  of  these  is  known  as  the 
Missisguoi,  the  other  as  the  Vermont  Sprtng.  Rising  in 
the  same  neighborhood  and  in  the  same  geological 
range,  and  the  qualiutive  analysis  of  the  two  being  very 


.  JVLtsn&tfMi' 


stas 


170 


SPJtIlfGS  OF  VRKMONT. 


1ll|;:j| 


similar,  I  assume  that  the  two  springs  do  not  essentially 
differ  in  therapeutic  qualities.  They  are  both  shown 
to  contain  sodium,  calcium,  magnesium,  manganese, 
iron,  alumina,  chlorine,  and  silica,  with  sulphuric  and 
hydrochloric  acid. 

So  hr  as  the  analyses  of  these  waters  indicate  their 
theraptrul  kc  powers,  their  best  effects  may  be  looked  for 
in  euHcular  diseases,  uieerations,  strumous  eonditions  o( 
the  system,  and  in  the  tertiary  form  of  syphilis.  The 
claim  urged  in  behalf  of  these  waters  as  a  specific  for 
the  cure  of  scirrhus  or  cancer  requires  for  its  establish- 
ment more  satisfactory  evidence,  I  conceive,  than  has 
yet  been  given  to  the  public. 

Pathology  in  reference  to  cancer  is  so  often  at  fault, 
or,  in  other  words,  obstinate  disorders  far  less  intriicta- 
ble  are  so  often  mistaken  for  it,  that  reports  of  the  cure 
of  such  cases  ought  to  be  received  with  caution  ;  not 
becav'se  of  any  intention  to  deceive  on  the  part  01"  tie 
relater,  but  because  of  his  liability  to  be  deceived  as 
to  the  true  pathology  of  such  cases.  I  attach  the  more 
importance  to  this  caution,  because  mineral  waters  in 
my  hands,  however  efllcacious  they  have  been  in  skin 
diseases  and  in  ill-conditioned  ulcers,  have  never  been 
found  to  be  remedial  in  true  scirrhus  or  cancer. 

Medical  men,  and  every  friend  of  humanity,  will  re- 
joice in  an  admitted  specific  that  can  be  relied  upon 
to  cure  and  eradicate  this  terrible  affection ;  nor  should 
we  hold  such  results  to  be  impossible,  for  it  is  not  un- 
reasonable to  suppose  that  nature  is  capable  of  pro- 
viding, perhaps  has  provided,  a  physical  remedy  for  all 
her  physical  ills. 

The  ALBintGH  Spring  is  near  Missisquoi  Bay,  Grand 
Isle  County,  sixteen  miles  from  St.  Allans.  Prof. 
Chandler,  from  his  chemical  analysis,  states  that  this 
water  contains — 

Potassium,  sodium,  lithium,  lime,  magnesia,  strontia, 
chlorine,  sulphuric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  and  silica. 


VERMONT. 


springs  do  not  essentially 

S.    They  are  both  shown 

magnesium,  manganese, 

silica,  with  sulphuric  and 

ttese  waters  indicate  their 
effects  may  be  looked  for 
ms,  strumous  eonditions  of 
try  form  of  syphilis.  The 
se  waters  as  a  specific  for 
r  requires  for  its  establish- 
tnce,  I  conceive,  than  has 

eanctr  is  so  often  at  fault, 
disorders  far  less  in'nicta- 
it,  that  reports  of  the  cure 
K:eived  with  caution  ;  not 
deceive  on  the  part  of  i^■.t 
lability  to  be  deceived  as 
I  cases.  I  attach  the  more 
because  mineral  waters  in 
lus  they  have  been  in  skin 
ed  ulcers,  have  never  been 
\  scirrhus  or  cancer, 
riend  of  humanity,  will  re- 
c  that  can  be  relied  upon 
rrible  affection  ;  nor  should 
npossible,  for  it  is  not  un- 
nature  is  capable  of  pro- 
1,  a  physical  remedy  for  all 


tear  Missisquoi  Bay,  Grand 

from  St.   Al6ans.     Prof. 

al  analysis,  states  that  this 

n,  lime,  magnesia,  strontia, 
rbonic  acid,  and  silica. 


^  ^ 

*^*^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


12.5 


14.0 


«• 


Sdeoces 
Carparadon 


23  WBT  MAIN  STRUT 

wnsm,N.Y.  14SW 

(71«)a72-4S03 


4^ 


CiHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICJVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Instituta  for  Historical  i\Aicroraproductiont  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


ALBURGH  SPRING. 


271 


These  exist  in  the  form  of  the  following  com- 
pounds : — 

Chloride  of  potassium,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate 
of  potassa,  bicarbonate  of  lithia,  bicarbonate  of  soda, 
bicarbonate,  of  lime,  bicarbonate  of  strontia,  bicar- 
bonate of  magnesia,  and  silica. 

The  most  interesting  feature  of  this  water,  as  ex- 
hibited by  its  analysis,  is  its  distinct  alkaline  character, 
and  the  presence  in  it  of  the  carbonate  of  lithia. 


I 

I  ■ 
I' T 


CHAPTER  XL. 


SPRINGS  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 

HoPKiNTON  Springs  have  acquired  some  reputation 
in  the  section  of  country  in  which  they  are  situated. 
An  analysis  of  the  water  of  the  principal  spring,  by 
Dr.  Gorham,  shows  that  it  contains  the  carbonates  of 
magnesia,  lime,  and  iron.  One  of  the  springs  here  is 
strongly  impregnated  with  sulphur. 

Berkshire  Soda  Spring. — This  watering-place  is 
situated  in  the  mountains  in  Berkshire  County,  three 
miles  from  the  village  of  Great  Barrington,  through 
which  the  cars  of  the  Housatonic  Railroad  run  four 
times  daily.  During  the  watering-season,  carriages  run 
regularly  four  times  a  day  between  Great  Barrington 
and  the  springs. 

As  embodying  the  best  information  at  command  in  ref- 
erence to  this  spring,  I  insert  the  following  extract  from 
a  letter  from  Dr.  C.  T.  Collins  to  Dr.  Valentine  Mott, 
for  which  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  John  Bell's  recent  vol- 
ume on  the  "  Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada:" — 

*•  I  must  not  close  this  letter  without  mentioning  a 
very  valuable  mineral  spring,  situated  among  the  moun- 
tains, a  short  distance  from  this  village,  and  which  has 
for  many  years  past  had  a  high  local  reputation  for  the 
cure  of  scrofula  and  eruptive  diseases  of  the  skin. 

"The  people  in  this  part  of  the  country  consider  it 
a  specific  for  the  cure  of  all  that  class  of  eruptive  dis- 
eases which  are  popularly  called  by  the  vague  and  in- 
definite term  of  salt-rheum. 
(a?*) 


BERKSHIRE  SODA  SPRING. 


»n 


L. 


USETTS. 


red  some  reputation 
h  they  are  situated, 
principal  spring,  by 
ns  the  carbonates  of 
)f  the  springs  here  is 


lis  watering-place  is 
kshire  County,  three 
Harrington,  through 
c  Railroad  run  four 
■season,  carriages  run 
en  Great  Barrington 

ah  at  command  in  ref- 
>llowing  extract  from 
Dr.  Valentine  Mott, 
)hn  Bell's  recent  vol- 
Springs  of  the  United 

ithout  mentioning  a 
ted  among  the  moun- 
illage,  and  which  has 
:a/  reputation  for  the 
ases  of  the  skin. 
;  country  consider  it 
class  of  eruptive  dis- 
by  the  vague  and  in- 


"  During  the  past  year,  by  way  of  experiment,  I  have 
placed  several  obstinate  cases  of  eczema,  ecthyma,  acne, 
porrigo,  etc.  under  the  exclusive  treatment  of  this  water, 
and  the  results  have  been  very  satisfactory.  Indeed, 
I  may  say  that,  in  some  cases,  its  effect  was  most  extra- 
ordinary. So  pleased  was  I  with  the  use  of  this  mineral 
water  that  I  sent  a  jug  of  it  to  New  York  City,  and  had 
it  analyzed  by  Professor  Doremus  and  Dr.  Blake,  the 
former  assistant  of  Professor  Silliman.  It  was  found 
to  contain  soda,  chlorine,  carbonic  acid,  and  a  trace  of 
alumina.  Yet  there  is  but  little  taste  in  it  othfr  than 
that  of  pure  water.  When  bathed  in,  it  imparts  to  the 
$kin  the  most  delightful  softness  of  any  that  I  have  ever 
used,  causing  even  a  rough  skin  to  feel  smooth." 

Arrangements  exist  here  for  the  comfortable  use  of 
warm,  cold,  and  shower  baths. 


a4 


CHAPTER    XLI.  i 

SPRINGS    OF    NEW    JERSEY     AND     MAINE  —  SCHOOLEy'S 
MOUNTAIN. 

ThI  principal  watering-place  in  New  Jersey  is 
Schoolers  Mountain  ^ring,  situated  in  Morris  County, 
nineteen  miles  northwest  from  Morristown,  and  fifty 
from  the  city  of  New  York.  The  water  of  this  spring 
finds  its  exit  from  the  earth  near  the  summit  of 
Schooley's  Mountain,  whence  it  is  conveyed  some 
distance  down  the  mountain  to  a  platform  for  the  use 
of  visitors,  as  a  beverage  and  a  bath.  The  quantity 
flowing  from  the  spring  is  uniformly  about  thirty  gal- 
lons in  an  hour.  Its  temperature  is  50**  Fahr.  Its 
taste  is  strongly  chalybeate,  and  it  deposits  oxide  of 
iron  readily  upon  sul»tances  with  which  it  comes  in 
contact.  Its  source  is  in  the  neighborhood  of  beds  of 
iron  ore,  some  of  which,  on  both  sides  of  the  moun- 
tain, are  worked  advantageously  in  furnaces. 

The  waters  of  this  spring  have  been  known  to  pos- 
sess valuable  medicinal  properties  for  more  than  three- 
quarters  of  a  century,  and  for  this  reason,  as  well  as  on 
account  of  the  salubrious  atmosphere  and  its  picturesque 
and  romantic  scenery,  Schooley's  Mountain  has  long 
been  celebrated  as  one  of  the  most  desirable  summer 
resorts  for  health  and  pleasure. 

According  to  a  chemical  examination  of  the  water 
by  Dr.  Nevin,  its  chief  ingredients  are  "muriate  and 
sulphate  of  lime  and  carbonated  oxide  of  iron." 

Dr.  Bell  remarks  that  "as  a  pure  carbonat^^  cha- 
lybeate, the  water  of  Schooley's  Mountain  Spr'ng  is 
well  adapted  to  a  variety  of  maladies  marked  chiefly 
(«74) 


« 


[. 


lAINE  —  SCHOOLEy'S 


in  New  Jersey  is 
I  in  Morris  County, 
>rristown,  and  fifty 
water  of  this  spring 
:ar  the  summit  of 
is  conveyed  some 
platform  for  the  use 
ath.  The  quantity 
ly  about  thirty  gal- 
!  is  50"  Fahr.  Its 
it  deposits  oxide  of 
which  it  comes  in 
borhood  of  beds  of 
sides  of  the  moun- 
furnaces. 

)een  known  to  pos- 
br  more  than  three- 
'eason,  as  well  as  on 
e  and  its  picturesque 
Mountain  has  long 
t  desirable  summer 

nation  of  the  water 
s  are  "muriate  and 
Lide  of  iron." 
ire  carbonat^^xl  cha- 
Mountain  Sprng  is 
dies  marked  chiefly 


SPRINGS  OF  MAINE.  275 

by  anaemia,  debility,  and  mucous  discharges  in  which 
there  is  no  inflammation  of  an  organ  present.  Its  tend- 
ency to  induce  constipation  must  be  watched,  and  this 
eflect  arrested  by  the  use  of  mild  aperients." 

Visitors  to  the  springs  from  New  York  will  go  to 
Morristown  by  railroad  and  thence  by  stage,  or  to  the 
White  House  by  railroad  and  thence  by  stage.  The 
springs  are  reached  from  Philadelphia  by  way  of  New 
Brunswick,  and  thence  by  stage,  six  miles,  to  Bound 
Brook,  on  the  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad.  By  this 
route  they  reach  the  White  House,  and  thence,  by  stage, 
the  springs. 

SPRINGS  OF  MAINE. 

Dr.  C.  P.  Jackson,  in  a  report  upon  the  Geology  of 
Maine,  gives  some  account  of  two  mineral  springs  in 
this  State,  the  Saline  Spring  of  Lubec,  and  Dexter's 
Chalybeate  Spring. 

The  Saline  Lubec  Spring  rises  near  the  junction  of 
the  blue  limestone  and  red  sandstone  rocks,  on  the 
banks  of  a  small  stream  near  the  head  of  Lubec  Bay. 
He  represents  the  water  as  clear  and  colorless,  with  a 
specific  gravity  of  i.oas.  The  solid  residuum  of  an 
Imperial  gallon,  perfectly  dry,  was  322.5  grains;  100 
grains  of  this  dry  salt  gave,  by  analysis,  in  one  pint  of 
water,  the  following  results : — 

Grains.  Grains. 

Chloride  of  sodium < 64.0  199.000 

Sulphate  of  lime 3.6  11.310 

Chloride  of  magnesium ao.a  63.840 

Sulphate  of  soda. 9.0  37-985 

Carbonate  of  iron 0.8  3.490 

Carbonate  of  lime a.o  6.350 

Chloride  of  calcium a  trace.  13.730  loss. 

Carbonic  acid  gas. 

99.6  333.500 

.4  loss. 

loo.o 


2i6  SPRINGS  -OF  MAINE. 

Dexter  Chalybeate  Spring  is  located  on  the  eastern 
branch  of  a  stream  known  as  Sebasticook.  It  deposits 
copiously  "anochreous  yeljow  oxide  of  iron."  Dr. 
Jackson  considers  this  water  a  valuable  tonic  in  various 
disorders  of  the  digestive  functions. 


:ated  on  the  eastern 
cook.  It  deposits 
ie  of  iron."  Dr. 
lie  tonic  in  various 


CHAPTER  XLII. 

MINERAL  AND  THERMAL  WATERS  BEl-WEEN  THE  MISSIS- 
SIPPI AND  THE  PACIFIC  OCEAN. 

In  California— Oregon— Kansas— New  Mexico— Wyoming— Utah, 

etc. 

I  DEPART  from  my  general  plan  of  treating  only  such 
springs  as  are  improved  for  public  use,  to  notice,  in  a 
brief  way,  the  principal  thermal  and  mineral  fountains 
that  have  been  discovered  in  the  vast  regions  extending 
from  the  western  borders  of  Iowa,  Missouri,  and  Arkan- 
sas to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

In  the  States  of  California,  O^gon,  Nevada,  and 
Kansas,  as  well  as  in  the  Territories  of  Idaho,  New 
Mexico,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Utah,  etc.,  mineral  and 
thermal  waters  are  found  in  large  abundance,  of  very 
positive  quality,  and  of  high  temperature. 

In  North  or  Upper  California,  west  of  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  and  at  the  foot  ol  Shasta  Peak,  springs  are 
found  hot  enough,  as  travelers  tellus,  to  boil  eggs.  The 
region  around  is  volcanic,  and  the  bare  summit  of  the 
Peak,  rising  to  a  height  of  from  12,000  to  14,000  feet, 
is  regarded  as  an  extinct  volcano. 

A  few  miles  distant  from  the  spring  just  mentioned 
is  an  acidulo-chalybeate  fountain,  and  so  sparkling,  pun- 
gent, and  effervescent  is  it  that  the  trappers  call  it  Soda 
Water. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  describes  a  number  of  volcanic  springs 
in  the  Desert  of  Colorado,  in  Southern  California,  some 
of  which  are  said  to  resemble  the  rnud  volcanoes  of 


il" 


(a??) 


978 


MINERAL  AND   THERMAL    WATERS 


Taman,  in  the  Crimea,  and  others  the  eruptive  springs 
or  geysers  in  Iceland.  They  are  in  the  neighbor 
hood,  and  but  six  or  eight  miles  distant  from  a  range 
of  volcanic  hills  from  800  to  1000  feet  high.  These 
springs  consist  of  "numerous  circular  lakes,  contain- 
ing boiling  mud,  ind  exhaling  a  naphtha-like  odor. 
Many  of  them  are  incrusted  with  inspissated  mud,  form- 
ing cones  three  to  four  feet  "high,  from  the  apex  of  which 
proceed  mingled  vapors  of  water,  sal-ammoniac,  and 
sulphur.  Four  of  them  eject  steam  and  clear  salme 
water,  with  great  violence,  resembling  in  appearance 
the  jet  from  the  pipe  of  a  high-prrsfture  engine. 
These  springs  are  m  a  muddy  plain,  bordering  on  a 
saline  lake. 

A  hot  sulphur  spring,  of  the  temperature  of  137 
Fahr.,  exists  near  Warner's  Rancheria,  about  ninety 
miles  from  the  Colorado,  in  South  California. 

Idaho  furnishes  numerous  mineral  and  thermal 
springs  of  very  decided  character. 

The  Betr  Springs,  described  by  Colonel  Fremont, 
are  about  135  miles,  in  a  direct  line,  from  the  South 
Pass,  through  the  Wind  River  Mountains,  which  sepa- 
rate the  waters  that  flow  into  the  Atlantic  from  those 
that  find  their  way  into  the  Pacific. 

The  Beer  or  Soda  Springs  are  carbonated  waters. 
They  are  described  by  Colonel  Fremont  as  existing  in 
great  abundance  in  an  amphitheatre  of  mineral  waters, 
which  is  inclosed  by  the  mountains  that  sweep  around 
the  circular  bend  of  Bear  River  at  its  most  northern 
point  in  the  Territory  of  Idaho. 

In  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  Beer  or  Soda 
Springs  Colonel  Fremont  discovered  a  very  remark- 
able fountain,  which  throws  up  its  waters  in  the  form 
of  a  jet  d'eau  to  a  variable  height  of  about  three  feet. 
The  flow  of  the  water  is  accompanied  by  a  "  subterra- 
nean noise,  which,  together  with  the  motion  of  the 
water,  makes  very  much  the  impression  of  a  steamboat 


WATERS 

le  eruptive  springs 
in  the  neighbor 
itant  front  a  range 
feet  high.  These 
lar  lakes,  contain- 
laphtha-like  odor, 
lissated  mud,  form- 
I  the  apex  of  which 
lal-ammoniac,  and 
1  and  clear  saline 
ing  in  appearance 
prrsfture  engine." 
n,  bordering  on  a 

nperature  of  137" 
eria,  about  ninety 
California. 

leral  and    thermal 

Colonel  Fremont, 
le,  from  the  South 
ntains,  which  sepa- 
.tlantic  from  those 

carbonated  waters. 
mont  as  existing  in 
!  of  mineral  waters, 
that  sweep  around 
:  its  most  northern 

af  the  Beer  or  Soda 
red  a  very  remark- 
waters  in  the  form 
of  about  three  feet, 
ied  by  a  "  subter ra- 
the motion  of  the 
ision  of  a  steamboat 


BETWEEN  THE  MISSISSIPPI  AND  PACIFIC.     379 

in  motion,"  and  hence  it  was  named  the  Steamboat 
Spring. ,  This  is  a  carburetted  water  of  the  temperature 
of  87°  Fahr.  "Within,  perhaps,  two  yards  of  the>/ 
d'eau  is  a  small  hole  of  about  an  inch  in  diameter, 
through  which,  at  regular  intervals,  escapes  a  blast  of 
hot  air,  with  a  light  wreath  of  smoke,  accompanied  by 
a  regular  noise." 

Hot  Springs. — About  two  hundred  and  thirty  miles 
northwest  from  Fort  Hall  are  found  hot  springs  of  the 
temperature  of  164**  Fahr. 

Oregon  has  numerous  thermal  springs,  of  which  we 
mention  the  following : — 

Malheur  River  Springs.— Sx  the  distance  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  miles  in  a  northwestern  direction 
from  the  Hot  Springs  of  Idaho,  mentioned  above,  are 
the  Malheur  Hot  Springs.  They  are  in  latitude  44" 
17'  N.,  and  longitude  117°  W>  Their  temperature  is 
193°  Fahr.    Elevation  above  the  sea,  1880  feet. 

Hot  and  Warm  Springs  of  Falls  River. — These  springs 
are  on  both  sides  of  Falls  River,  in  latitude  44°  40'  N., 
121"  5'  W.  longitude.  They  are  about  two  hundred 
miles  west  from  the  Malheur  River  Springs. 

The  most  noted  springs  of  Colorado  are  the  Carbu- 
retted or  Boiling  Springs  of  Pike's  Peak.  On  the  South- 
ern route  from  Independence,  in  Missouri,  to  Oregon 
and  California,  the  traveler  passes  the  now  famous  Pike's 
Peak,  at  the  foot  of  which,  and  ten  miles  from  Puebla, 
are  found  the  Boiling  Springs.  Their  elevation  is  6350 
feet  above  the  ocean ;  their  latitude  38°  43'  north. 

Colonel  Fremont  describes  these  springs  as  numer- 
ous, and  some  of  them  as  unique  and  very  beautiful. 
He  says,  "I  came  suddenly  upon  a  large,  smooth 
rock,  about  twenty  yards  in  diameter,  where  the  water 
from  several  springs  was  bubbling  and  boiling  up  in  the 
midst  of  a  white  incrustation  with  which  it  had  covered 
a  portion  of  the  rock."     In  describing  one  of  this 


s 


MINERAL  AND   THERMAL    WATERS 


group,  he  says,  "  In  the  upper  part  of  the  rock,  which 
had  apparently  been  lormed  by  deposition,  was  a  beau- 
tiful white  basin,  overhung  by  currant-bushes,  in  which 
the  cold,  clear  water  bubbled  up,  in  constant  motion 
by  the  escaping  gas,  and  overflowing  the  rock,  which 
it  had  almosjt  entirely  covered  with  a  smooth  crust  of 
glistening  white." 

These  waters  belong  to  the  atidulous  class,  and  are 
highly  carburetted.  They  are  said  much  to  resemble 
the  waters  of  the  famous  Seltzer  Springs  in  the  duchy 
of  Nassau.  Their  temperature  is  variable,  ranging, 
under  different  circumstances  of  the  atmosphere,  from 
to  69°  Fahrenheit. 

New  Mexico  has  numerous  mineral  and  thermal 
springs,  some  of  which  are  sulphurous,  but  they  have 
not  been  described  with  sufficient  accuracy  to  make  us 
acquainted -either  with  their  peculiar  characteristics  or 
their  precise  localities. 

There  are  several  springs  in  Wyoming  that  have  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  scientific  travelers.  Both  Col- 
onel Fremont  and  Captain  Stansbury,  in  their  respective 
narratives,  notice  the 

Fort  Laramie  Spring.— -This  fountain,  thermal  in 
iU  character,  is  ten  miles  from  Fort  Laramie,  between 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  and  the  Laramie  Rivers, 
in  latitude  43"  15'  N.,  and  longitnde  104'  47'  W.  It  is 
in  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  Territory,  625  miles 
from  St.  Joseph's,  in  Missouri.  Its  temperature  is  74° 
Fahr.,  about  the  same  as  the  Sweet  Springs  in  Virginia. 

In  the  western  part  of  Wyoming,  and  in  the  midst 
of  the  Salt  Plains,  in  the  valley  of  the  Sweet  Water 
River,  are  found  what  are  known  as  the  Ponds  cf  Sal- 
eratus.  The  chief  of  these  ponds  appeared  to  Captain 
Stansbury  "  as  if  frozen  over,  and  covered  with  a  light 
coating  of  driven  snow.  It  was  found  to  be  a  slight 
depression,  about  400  yards  long  by  150  in  width, 


fVArEJtS 

f  the  rock,  which 
lition,  was  a  beau- 
t-bushes, in  which 
constant  motion 
I  the  rock,  which 
a  smooth  crust  of 

9MS  class,  and  are 
much  to  resemble 
inga  in  the  duchy 
trariable,  ranging, 
atmosphere,  from 


eral  and  thermal 

>us,  but  they  have 

curacy  to  make  us 

characteristics  or 


iiNG  that  have  at- 
velers.  Both  Col- 
in their  respective 

intain,  thermal  in 

Laramie,  between 

le  Laramie  Rivers, 

104'  47'  W.    It  is 

erritory,  635  miles 

temperature  is  74° 

prings  in  Virginia. 

and  in  the  midst 

the  Sweet  Water 

the  Ponds  ttf  Sal- 

ipeared  to  Captain 

>vered  with  a  light 

jnd  to  be  a  slight 

by  150  in  widths 


BETWEEN  THE  AflSS/SSIPP/  AND  PACIFIC.     38 1 

coverev.'  with  an  effervescence  of  carbonate  of  soda, 
left  by  the  evaporation  of  the  water  which  had  held 
it  in  solution."  This  substance  is  quite  abundant,  and 
emigrants  use  it  in  their  culinary  operations  in  prefer- 
ence to  the  saleratus  of  the  shops. 

Hot  Springs  of  F.'ramid  Lake,  Nevada. — The 
Pyramid  Lake,  embosomed  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  Moun- 
tains, with  its  singular  pyramidal  mount,  rising  from 
its  transparent  waters  to  the  height  of  about  600  feet, 
and  walled  in  by  almost  perpendicular  precipices,  in 
some  places  liearly  3000  feet  high,  is  a  remarkable  for- 
mation, and  is  said  to  have  nothing  to  resemble  it  in 
any  other  portion  of  the  world.  Its  boiling  springs  have 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  scientific.  Colonel  Fre- 
mont describes  them  in  about  39°  N.  latitude,  and  117** 
30'  W.  longitude,  as  boiling  up  with  much  noise.  He 
states  that  the  largest  basin  is  several  hundred  feet  in 
circumference,  and  has  a  circular  space  at  one  end  of 
15  feet  in  diameter,  entirely  filled  with  boiling  water, 
whose  temperature  near  the  edge  is  from  306°  to  308" 
Fahr.  Its  depth,  near  the  centre,  is  more  than  16  feet. 
The  water  is  impregnated  with  common  salt,  but  not 
so  much  so  as  to  render  it  unfit  for  general  cooking, 
and  a  mixture  of  sno«  makes  it  pleasant  to  drink. 

The  late  Captain  Gunnison,  speaking  of  these  spritigs, 
says,  "At  the  base  of  the  hills,  around  the  lake,  issue 
numerous  warm  springs,  that  collect  in  pools  and 
smaller  lakes,  inviting  aquatic  fowl,  during  ihe  winter, 
to  resort  to  their  agreeable  temperature,  and  where 
insect  larvae  furnish  food  at  all  times,  and  the  soil  is  so 
heated  that  snow  cannot  lie  in  the  vicinity.  In  some 
places  springs  of  different  temperature  are  in  close 
proximity ;  some  so  hot  that  the  hand  cannot  be  thrust 
in  them  without  pain." 

Utah  Territory,  more  than  any  other  portion  of 
North  America,  abounds  in  thermal  waters,  many  of 


a8a        MINERAL  AND   THERMAL    WATERS 

which  are  sulphurous  and  saline,  and  of  very  high 
temperature. 

City  Warm  Sulphur  Springs  issue  from  a  mountain 
on  the  immediate  confines  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  its 
waters  are  conveyed  by  pipes  into  bathing-houses, 
within  the  city,  for  the  use  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
water  is  sulphurous,  and  yields,  upon  analysis,  the  car- 
bonates of  lime  and  magnesia,  with  small  portions  of 
the  chlorides  of  calcium  and  sodium,  together  with 
sulphate  of  soda. 

Three  miles  distant,  and  rising  from  the  side  of  the 
mountain  just  mentioned,  another  spring  flows  out  with 

freat  boldness.  The  temperature  of  its  water  is  128° 
'ahr.  The  specific  gravity  of  this  water  is  very  slightly 
greater  than  that  of  distilled  water.  It  contains  chloride 
of  sodium  and  traces  of  chlorides  of  calcium  and  mag- 
nesium, sulphate  and  carbonate  of  lime  and  silica. 

Between  Salt  Lake  City  and  the  Great  Salt  Lake 
there  are  numerous  warm  fountains,  which.  Captain 
Gunnison  informs  us,  deposit  gypsum  and  other  sul- 
phates. They  constitute  delightful  bathing,  but  are 
said  to  destroy  the  fertility  of  the  soil  to  which  their 
waters  are  applied. 

Colonel  Fremont  thus  describes  a  group  of  hot  springs 
situated  thirty-four  miles  north  of  Salt  Lake  City: — "In 
about  seven  miles  from  Clear  Creek,  the  trail  brought 
us  to  a  place  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  where  there 
issued,  with  considerable  force,  ten  or  twelve  hot  springs, 
highly  impregnated  with  salt.  In  one  of  them  the  ther- 
mometer stowl  at  136**,  and  in  another  at  133**  Fahr., 
and  the  water,  which  spread  in  pools  over  the  low 
grounds,  was  colored  red."  His  analysis  of  this  red 
earthy  matter  showed  it  to  be  highly  impregnated  with 
iron,  and  to  contain  the  carbonates  of  magnesia  and 
lime,  with  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  soidium,  with 
silica  and  alumina. 

Near  Bear  River  is  a  depression,  in  which  issue  three 
fountains  between  the  strata,  within  the  space  of  thirty 


:    WATERS 

and  of  very  high 

le  from  a  mountain 
Lake  City,  and  its 
to  bathing-houses, 
inhabitants.  The 
n  analysis,  the  car- 
t  small  portions  of 
urn,  together  with 

om  the  side  of  the 
iring  flows  out  with 
if  its  water  is  1 28° 
ater  is  very  slightly 
[t  contains  chloride 
r  calcium  and  mag- 
ime  and  silica. 
e  Great  Salt  Lake 
\s,  which,  Captain 
urn  and  other  sul- 
[  bathing,  but  are 
soil  to  which  their 

group  of  hot  springs 
ItLakeCity:— "In 
:,  the  trail  brought 
intain,  where  there 
r  twelve  hot  springs, 
e  of  them  the  ther- 
ther  at  132"  Fahr., 
tools  over  the  low 
malysis  of  this  red 
y  impregnated  with 
!s  of  magnesia  and 
ie  of  soidium,  with 

in  which  issue  three 
the  space  of  thirty 


BETWEEN  THE  MISSISSIPPI  AND  PACIFIC,     agj 

feet,  of  which  one  is  hot  sulphm,  the  next  tepid  and 
salt,  and  the  other  c6ol,  delicious  drinking-water. 
The  three  currents  unite,  and  flow  off  through  the 
plain,  forming  the  beginning  of  a  large  and  bold  river.  ^ 
.  '^'»''':<  f^J  Great  Salt  Lake.— Dr.  Gale,  of  Wash- 
ington City,  has  examined  the  water  of  this  wonderful 
saline  reservoir.  He  describes  it  as  perfectly  clear, 
with  a  specific  gravity.of  1.170;  common  water  being 
1. 000.  One  hundred  parts  evaporated  to  dryness  gave 
22.422  of  solid  contents,  consisting  of  chloride  of 
sodium  20.196,  sulphate  of  soda  1.834,  chloride  of 
magnesium  0.252,  with  a  trace  of  chloride  of  calcium. 
Dr.  G.  regards  this  water  as  the  purest  and  most  con- 
centrated brine  m  the  world.  The  strongest  salines  of 
the  Syracuse  wells  in  New  York  contain  but  i7.«  per 
cent  of  the  chloride  of  sodium. 

Various  saltinA  sulphur  springs  arise  from  the  moun- 
tains and  plains  near  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  flow 
into  It.  . 

Thermal  Saline  ^nVf^j.— Captain  Stansbury,  in  his 
narrative,  informs  us  of  the  Warm  Saline,  whoM  tem- 
perature is  740  Fahr.,  that  breaks  out  from  the  moun- 
tain  at  the  northern  end  of  the  lake,  and  of  the  Warm 
^fgf  >n  the  same  locality,  whose  temperature  is  84° 

T  ?^-  ^^  L°'^  I****  *••*  '^''o'^  *«»«"»  shore  of  Salt 
i^ke,  bounded  by  an  immense  plain  of  soft  mud.  Is 
traversed  by  numerous  rills  of  sulphurous  and  salt  water, 
that  mostly  sink  into  the  earth,  or  are  evaporated  before 
they  reach  the  lake.  »«.•>»«; 

v»lSfT^'  ^^'\Springs  of  Spring  Valley.-ln  this 
valley,  lying  on  the  western  side  of  the  mountain  that 
extends  in  a  southerly  direction  from  the  south  end  of 
salt  Lake,  thermal  saline  springs  are  so  numerous  as  to 
give  the  name  to  their  location.  Their  temperature  is 
generally  about  74°  Fahr.  i^««iurc  is 


,84         THERMAL  SPRINGS  OF  AMERICA. 

TABLE  EXHIBITING  THE  THERMALIZATION  OF 
THE  VARIOUS  WARM  AND  HOT  SPRINGS  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  AND  ITS  TERRITORIES. 

I  have  thought  that  it  would  be  interesting  to  my 
readers  to  have  a  condensed  view  of  the  various  thermal 
springs  of  the  United  States  and  its  Territories. 

Virginia  is  rich  in  thermal  waters,  and  up  to  the  time 
of  the  discovery  of  the  numerous  hot  springs  of  New 
Mexico,  was  regarded  as  possessing  more  of  this  class 
of  waters  than  any  other  portion  of  the  continent. 

I  shall  first  notice  the  thermal  waters  of  Virginia  and 
West  Virginia,  and  shall  regard  all  the  springs  as  be- 
longing to  that  class  whose  waters  are  distinctly  above 
the  mean  temperature  of  the  immediate  country  in 
which  they  arise.  In  this  class  I  include  the  Green- 
brier White  Sulphur,  although  not  generally  regarded 
as  a  thermal  spring ;  but  the  fact  that  it  is  full  ten  de- 
grees above  the  mean  temperature  of  the  atmosphere 
and  the  media  through  which  it  flows,  as  well  as  of 
the  neighboring  fountains,  property  gives  to  it  that 

<=*«"**=*"•  Fahrenheit 

White  Sulphur,  West  Virginia... .........; , ^° 

Holston  Springs,  Scott  County,  Virginia. w»^ 

Bath,  Berkeley  County,  West  Virginia......^... 73 

Sweet  Springs,  Monroe  County,  West  Virginia 73  «o   74 

Red  Sweet,  Alleghany  County,  Vi^nia. 7S  ««>   TO 

HeaUttg  Spring,  Bath  County,  Virginia « 

Warm  Springs.  Bath  County,  Virginia. 9JU 

Hot  Spnngs,  Bath  County,  Virginia 9«  to  io6^ 

Perry  County,  Pennsylvania. - — •••  7» 

Lebanon,  New  York — 73^ 

Merriwether  County.  Georma..... 95 

Buncombe  County,  North  CarolimL. 94  »  »<»4^ 

Warm  Springs,  French  Broad,  Tennessee- -  95^^ 

Florida  Sulphur  Springs. * 70 

Washita,  Arkansas «40  to  156" 

Spring  near  Fort  Laramie,  Wyoming.- 74 

Hot  Sulphur  Springs  of  California »37 

Hot  Springs  at  Shasta  Peak,  California 

Great  Salt  Lake  City  Warm  Sprinra i .•••• 

Gi«at  Salt  Lake  Hot  Springs,  Utsi -,..  "3 


\ 


AMERICA. 

IMALIZATION    OF 
SPRINGS  OF  THE 
LITORIES. 

s  interesting  to  my 
the  various  thermal 
s  Territories. 
,  and  up  to  the  time 
lot  springs  of  New 
5  more  of  this  class 
r  the  continent, 
ters  of  Virginia  and 
I  the  springs  as  be- 
are  distinctly  above 
mediate  country  in 
include  the  Green- 
generally  regarded 
hat  it  is  full  ten  de- 
;  of  the  atmosphere 
flows,  as  well  as  of 
rly  gives  to  it  that 


THERMAL  SPRINGS  OF  AMERICA.      185 

Fahrenheit. 
Great  Salt  Lake  Hot  Chalybeate,  thirty  miles  from 

Great  Salt  Lake 13a  to  136° 

Great  Salt  Lake  Thennal  Saline 7410   84** 

Great  Salt  Lake  Spring  Valley  Saline „ 70  to   74* 

Bear  River  Warm  and  Hot  Spnngs,  seventy-four  miles 

northwestfrom  Salt  Lake  City. 134O 

Lake  Utah  Warm  Springs..... 

Hot  Springs,  Idaho 164B 

Malheur  River  Hot  Springs,  Oregon.... 193° 

Hot  and  Warm  Springs,  Falls  River,  Oregon 89  to  134° 

Hot  Springs,  P}Tamid  Lake,  Nevada* ao6  to  908° 

*  Mineraland  Thermal  Springs  of  the  United  States,  by  Bell. 


Fahrenheit 

6a«» 

W 

73" 

iiginia 73  *o   74° 

7Sto   79° 

»  85 

98» 

9ttoio6o 

■••••■•••■•••••*  7* 

73° 

95° 

94  to  104" 

s- -      95° 

70° 
140  to  156" 

74° 

»37° 

I!'.".!'."...'..!.,."      ia3° 


i 


CHAPTER    XLIII. 


MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  CANADA. 

The  Caledonia  Springs.— These  springs  are  situ- 
ated about  forty  miles  from  Montreal,  and  a  few  miles 
south  of  the  Ottawa  River.  They  are  a  place  of  con- 
siderable resort  during  the  summer  season.  There  are 
four  springs  in  this  group  deserving  of  notice.  They 
are  known  as  the  Gas,  the  Saline,  the  Sulphur,  and  the 
Intermtting  l^ng. 

The  first  three  issue  through  a  pliocene  clay,  within 
a  few  rods  of  each  other.  They  are  all  more  or  lest 
alkaline  in  character,  the  Su^hur  the  most  so.  The 
intermitting  spring  is  two  miles  distant  from  the  others, 
abounds  in  earthy  chlorides,  and  emits  carburetted  hy- 
drogen gas  Ivgely  at  irregular  intervals. 

I.  The  Gas  Spring.— The  temperature  of  this  spring 
was  found  to  be  44.4**  when  the  thermometer  stood 
in  the  air  at  61. 7*.  It  discharges  about  four  gallons  of 
water  per  minute,  and  evolves  a  gas,  ascertained  to  be 
carburetted  hydrogen,  at  the  rate  of  300  cubic  inches 
a  minute.  Its  specific  gravity  is  1006. a;  its  taste 
pleasantly  saline,  without  bitterness ;  its  saline  ingre- 
dients in  loco  parts,  7.7775.  Carbonic  acid  in  100 
cubic  inches,  17.5. 

a.  Saunb  Spring.— This  spring  is  not  very  dissimi- 
lar from  the  one  just  named,  but,  notwithstanding, 
from  the  name  it  bears,  is  somewhat  less  saline.    Its 
temperature  and  specific  gravity  are  essentially  the 
(«86) 


MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  CANADA. 


287 


lMADA. 

ie  springs  are  situ- 
»1,  and  a  few  miles 
ire  a  place  of  con- 
season.  There  are 
;  of  notice.  They 
le  Sulphur,  and  the 

iocene  clay,  within 
re  all  more  or  lest 
the  most  so.  The 
mt  from  the  others, 
aits  carburetted  hy- 
vals. 

rature  of  this  spring 
thermometer  stood 
bout  four  gallons  of 
s,  ascertained  to  be 
}f  300  cubic  inches 
I  1006. a;  its  taste 
s ;  its  saline  ingre- 
rbonic  acid  in  100 


is  not  very  dissimi- 

t,  notwithstanding, 

lat  less  saline.    Its 

are  essentially  the 


same.  Occasionally  it  emits  a  stray  bubble  of  carbu- 
retted hydrogen,  but  the  amount  of  that  gas  evolved  is 
very  small.  It  is  somewhat  more  strongly  alkaline 
than  the  Gas  Spring.  This  spring  yields  10  gallons  per 
minute,  and  to  every  1000  parts  of  its  water  gives  7.347 
parts  of  solid  matter.  Its  free  carbonic  acid  is  14.7 
cubic  inches  in  100  cubic  inches  of  water. 

3.  Sulphur  Spring.— The  water  of  this  spring  is 
slightly  sulphurous  in  taste  and  odor.  Solid  matter  in 
1000  parts,  4.9506.  It  is  somewhat  more  alkaline  than 
the  other  springs  of  the  group,  contains  silica  in  a  rela- 
tively large  proportion,  and  exhibits  traces  of  iodine 
and  iron. 

4.  Intermitting  Spring.— The  temperature  of  this 
spring  was  50^  when  the  atmosphere  around  was  61**. 
Solid  matter  in  1000  parts  of  its  waters,  14.639  parts. 
Chemical  examination  detects  the  existence  of  bromine, 
chlorine,  and  iodine  in  the  water,  with  sodium,  potas- 
sium, magnesium,  and  calcium.  A  large  portion  of  the 
two  latter  exist  in  the  form  of  chlorides.  Traces  of 
alumina  and  iron  are  also  found. 

Tuscarora  Acid  Spring. — ^This  spring  is  located  in 
Tuscarora  Township,  21  miles  north  of  Port  Dover. 
Its  waters  abound  in  free  sulphuric  acid,  in  the  propor- 
tion of  4  parts  in  1000,  and,  also,  with  the  sulphate  of 
the  alkalies,  magnesia,  lime,  alumina,  and  iron  in  small 
quantities.  It  emits  occasional  bubbles  of  carburetted 
hydrogen,  and  its  waters  are  acid  and  styptic  to  the 
taste,  and  decidedly  sulphurous,  while  the  odor  of  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen  is  manifest  for  some  distance  around 
the  spring. 

Charlottesville  Sulphur  Spring.— This  spring  is 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Port  Dover,  on  Lake  Erie. 
Its  waters  are  sparkling  and  limpid,  their  odor  strongly 
sulphurous.     The  taste  of  the  water  is  pungent,  with  a 


.     .1 


4 

388  MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  CANADA. 

slight  impression  of  sweetness,  leaving  a  sense  of  warmth 
in  the  mouth.  Chemical  examinations  show  the  pres- 
ence of  chlorides  and  sulphates  in  the  water ;  the  bases 
are  ascertained  to  be  soda,  potash,  magnesia,  and  lime, 
with  traces  of  iron  and  alumina.  It  abounds  very 
strongly  in  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  containing  36.8 
cubic  inches  to  the  gallon.  Its  solid  matter  is  3.49446 
parts  to  1000. 

Mineral  Artesian  Wells  at  St.  Catharine's,  On- 
tario.— ^The  analysis  of  this  water,  as  reported  in  a 
printed  circular,  is  very  extraordinary.  If  the  pub- 
lished statement  of  its  analysis,  by  Dr.  Chilton,  be 
correct,  and  the  water  sent  to  him  for  examination  was 
the  natural  water  of  St.  Catharine's,  the  quantities  in 
which  its  ingredients  are  held  in  solution,  when  we  con- 
sider their  peculiar  character,  are  unexampled  in  the 
history  of  mineral  fountains. 

Dr.  John  Bell,*  with  amiable  manifestations  of  in- 
credulity, remarks,  "Assuming  the  printed  statements 
of  the  results  of  an  analysis,  by  Dr.  James  R.  Chilton, 
to  be  correct,  the  saline  ingredients  of  this  water  are  in 
a  singularly  large  proportion,  and  this,  too,  of  certain 
salts  which  are  far  from  being  common,  still  less  abun- 
dant, in  mineral  springs.  A  pint  of  the  water  is  rep- 
resented to  hold  in  solution  5064.15  grains  of  saline 
substances,  which  are  equal  to  nearly  five-sevenths  of 
the  watery  menstruum  in  which  they  are  dissolved.  In 
other  words,  16  ounces  of  the  watfer  hold  in  solution 
rather  more  than  10^  ounces  of  saline  matter.  They 
are  in  the  following  proportions  in  one  pint  of  water  j 
its  specific  gravity  at  60°  Fahr.  being  1.0347  :— 

Chloride  of  calcium.. 3950.40 

Chloride  of  magnesium 1289.76 

Chloride  of  sodium » 781.3° 

Protochloride  of  iron »3-7o 

Sulphate  of  lime »6-3« 


•  Mineral  and  Thennal  Waters  of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 


CANADA. 

I  a  sense  of  warmth 
ons  show  the  pres- 
e  water ;  the  bases 
lagnesia,  and  lime, 
It  abounds  very 
,  containing  36.8 
I  matter  is  3.49446 

f.  Catharine"  i,  On- 
,  as  reported  in  a 
jary.  If  the  pub- 
y  Dr.  Chilton,  be 
or  examination  was 
i,  the  quantities  in 
ition,  when  we  con- 
unexampled  in  the 

anifestations  of  in- 
printed  statements 
James  R.  Chilton, 
of  this  water  are  in 
his,  too,  of  certain 
ncn,  still  less  abun- 
of  the  water  is  rep- 
15  grains  of  saline 
irly  five-sevenths  of 
y  are  dissolved.   In 
&r  hold  in  solution 
line  matter.     They 
one  pint  of  water ; 
ng  «0347 :— 

3950.40 

1289.76 

— 781.36 

»3-76 

16.33 

tited  States  and  Canada. 


MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  CANADA.  389 

Carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia a.o8 

Bromide  of  magnesium a  trace. 

Iodide  of  magnesium , a  trace. 

Silica  and  alumina „.,         .^7 

Grains 5064,15 

"According  to  this  analysis,  the  proportion  of 
chloride  of  calcium  (muriate  of  lime)  in  the  water  is  a 
little  more  even  than  that  which  is  found  in  the  solu- 
tion of  this  salt  directed  by  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  viz.,  one  part  of  the  chloride  in  two 
and  a  half  parts  of  the  solution."  On  reading  a  little 
further,  after  the  table  of  constituents  of  this  water, 
we  come  to  a  "  Card  to  the  Public,"  in  which  we  learn 
that  the  product  of  the  artesian  well  is  subjected  to  a 
certain  process  of  depuratio.n  and  evaporation,  and  that 
"  that  part  which  is  composed  of  common  salt  first  settles 
and  is  removed ;  the  remainder  is  dipped  into  vats 
until  the  earthy  matter  subsides,  and  then  bottled  off 
without  any  drug  or  admixture  whatever  being  added 
thereto."  Dr.  Bell  adds,  "One  thing  seems  to  be 
certain,  that  the  water  bottled  and  sent  away  is  a  water 
prepared  from  that  of  St.  Catharine's  well,  but  not  the 
water  the  direct  flow  from  the  vein  or  veins  '  opened 
by  boring. '  "  He  further  adds,  in  proof  of  the  wonder- 
ful differences  in  the  strength  of  the  saline  impregna- 
tions of  different  specimens  of  this  water,  that  Mr.  J. 
£.  Young,  an  intelligent  chemist,  examined  a  specimen 
of  this  water  left  at  the  shop  of  Professor  Procter,  of 
the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  with  the  assur- 
ance that  it  Was  from  St.  Catharine's  well,  in  its  original 
state,  with  the  following  results: — "Specific  gravity, 
1.390;  saline  contents  in  one  ounc^,  164  grains,  and 
in  one  pint,  3634  grains.  This  last,  large  as  is  the 
proportion,  is  only  a  little  more  than  one-half  of  the 
quantity  of  the  salts  contained  in  a  pint  of  the  water 
sent  to  Dr.  Chilton  for  analysis." 

Varennes  Springs. — ^These  springs  are  on  the  St. 

as* 


igo 


MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  CANADA. 


Lawrence,  seventeen  miles  below  Montreal.  Many 
years  ago  they  were  largely  resorted  to,  'but  less  so  of 
late  years,  though  probably  from  no  want  of  merit  in 
the  waters. 

There  are  two  springs  here,  called  the  Gas  and  the 
Saiine  Spring.  Both  springs  contain  iodide,  chloride, 
and  bromide  of  sodium,  with  carbonates  of  soda, 
strontia,  baryta,  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron.  The  tem- 
perature of  the  water  is  45°  to  47*  Fahr. 

St.  Leon  Spring  is  a  saline  chafybeate,  similar  in  its 
general  character  to  the  springs  of  Varennes,  but  con- 
taining more  iron.  It  emits  large  quantities  of  car- 
buretted  hydrogen  gas. 

The  Plantagenet  Spring  derives  its  name  from  the 
township  in  which  it  is  situated.     It  is  near  the  river 
Ottawa.     It  resembles  in  the  general  character  of  its 
•  waters  the  St.  Leon  Spring. 

Caxton  Spring. — ^This  spring  is  found  in  Caxton 
Township,  on  the  river  Yarnachiche.  It  resembles  very 
much  the  St.  Leon  and  Plantagenet  Springs  in  the 
character  of  its  waters,  and,  like  the  St.  Leon,  evolves 
large  quantities  of  carburetted  hydrogen. 


CANADA. 


Montreal.  Many 
d  to,  'but  less  so  of 
lo  want  of  merit  in 


id  the  Gas  and  the 
lin  iodide,  chloride, 
arbonates  of  soda, 
id  iron.  The  tem- 
Fahr. 

^beate,  similar  in  its 
Varennes,  but  con- 
e  quantities  of  car- 


es its  name  from  the 

It  is  near  the  river 

sral  character  of  its 


is  found  in  Caxton 
,e.  It  resembles  very 
met  Springs  in  the 
he  St.  Leon,  evolves 
Irogen. 


INDEX. 


fAOB 

Acid  Springs,  New  York 049 

Adams  County  Springs,  Ohio 189 

Adirondack  Springs,  New  York 954 

Administration — Remarks,  etc 33 

Albany  Artesian  Wells,  New  York. 936 

Alburgh  Springs,  Vermont 970 

Allegluuiy  Springs,  Virginia 165 

Allison's  Springs,  Tennessee 196 

Alterative  Effects  of  Mineral  Waters 09-83 

Alum  Springs,  Rogersville,  Tennessee.... 199 

Analysis  While  Sulphur  Water. 67 

Ancient  Use  of  Mineral  Waters .-. ai 

Avon  Springs,  New  York 940 

Bailey's  Springs,  Alabama 909 

Bollston  Springs,  New  York 997. 

Bath  Alum  Springs,  Virginia „ 147 

Bath  Springs,  Pennsylvania 965 

Bedford  Springs,  Tennessee 955 

Beersheba  Springs,  Tennessee. 196 

Berkeley  Springs,  Virginia 159 

Berkshire  Springs,  MassachusetU ■....  97a 

Best  Time  for  Visiting  Springs 57 

Bethesda  Springs,  Wisconsin 194 

Bladen  Springs,  Alabama go8 

Blue  Lick  Springs,  Kentucky 186 

Blue  Ridge  Springs,  Virginia .;„...  164 

Buffido  Sprii^is,  Virginia 178 

Byron  Acid  Springs,  New  York 953 

Caledonia  Springs,  Pennsylvania. 966 

California,  Springs  ot > 977 

Canada,  Springs  of. _.....  986-990 

Capon  Springs,  Virginia i6x 

Cariisle  Spring,  Pennsylvania.... „ 964 

Catoosa  l^rings,  Georgia... .;..  907 

CatskiU  Spring,  New  York ,  948 

Chalybeate  Spring  at  White  Sulphur.. 108 

(a9l) 


.^.Ji 


g^t  INDEX. 

Moa 

Chalybeate  Spring  nenr  PitUburg » 063 

ChanginK  from  Spring  to  Spring 43 

Chappaqua  Spring,  New  York 347 

Charleston  Artesian  Well 005 

Chick's  Spring,  South  Carolina 005 

Chlltcnong  Springs,  New  York 245 

Clifton  Springs,  New  York 045 

Cold  Sulphur  Spring,  Virginia 150 

Columbian  Spring,  Saralogm. aaS 

CongrcM  Spring,  New  York. aaa 

Cooper's  Well.  MlHlsaippi aio 

Comer's  Black  and  White  Sulphur,  Virginia.. 163 

Diet  and  Exercise  at  Springs 45 

DiKctions  for  Use  of  Saratoga  Waters,  and  Diseases  for  which 

used 939-936 

Directions  for  Use  of  White  Sulphur. 81 

Diseases  for  which  White  Sulphur  should  not  be  used 107 

Diseases  treated  bv  White  Sulphur 91-107 

Doubling  OapSpiing,  Fennsylvania 964 

Dress  at  Mineral  Springs 44 

Empire  Spring,  Saratoga. ~  995 

Ephrata  Springs,  Pennsylvania. - 966 

Errors  and  Abuses  in  the  Use  of  Mineral  Waters 37,  930-939 

EstiU  Springs,  KenttKky 187 

Experience  the  only  Sure  Guide 93 

Fauquier  White  Sulphur,  Virginia. 178 

Fayette  Springs,  Pennsylvania 965 

Flat  Rock,  Saratoga. 995 

Fforida,  Springs  of. ai8 

Frankfort  Springs,  Pennsylvania. 969 

French  Uck  Springs,  Indiana 190 

Gettysburg  Springs,  Pennsylvania. ~  95S 

Gejwer,  or  Spouting,  Saratoga. 996 

Glenn's  Springs,  South  Carolina 904 

Gwdon's  Springs,  Georgia. ~ 907 

Grayson  Wliite  Sulphur,  Virginia I74 

HaUeck's  Spring,  New  Yoric 936 

.  Hamilton  Spring,  Saratoga 995 

Harrodsburg  Springs,  Kentucky 183 

Harrowgate  Springs,  New  York ~.  947 

Healing  Springs,  Viiginia ~ 137 

High  Rock  S^ng,  Saratoga 993 

Hototon  Spriiup,  Virginia. 17S 

Hot  Springs,  Arkansas 914 

Hot  Springs,  Bath  County,  Virginia. - X38 

Huguenot  Springs,  Virginia.. 180 

Iodine  or  Walton  Spring,  Saratoga. 995 

Iodine  Springs,  Georgia. «  906 

Johnsons  or  Hollins^  Institute,  Vii^^nio. 164 

Jones's  White  Sulphur,  North  Candino. aoa 


% 


INDEX.  293 

Moa 

Jordon  Rockbridge  Alum,  Virginia 146 
ordon's  Wlille  Sulphur,  Virginia 157 

Kittrell'i  Springs,  North  Carolina 903 

Lebanon  Springs,  New  Voric „ asj 

Lee't  Sprinp,  Tennessee 19! 

Length  of  Time  to  use  Mineral  Waters. 31 

Liability  to  MIstakesas  to  Sulphur  Waters ; 40 

Madison  Springs,  Georgia. wtA 

Maine,  Springs  of. •75 

Massanetta  Springs,  VliiginU 156 

Medical  Advice  deemed  essential  in  Europe,  etc 37, 38,  930 

Medicinal  Efficacv  of  Mineral  Waters a6 

Medicines  with  Mineral  Water* 50 

Messina  Springs,  New  York m^ 

Mfaierml  Waters  not  a  Catholicon a^ST 

Missisquoi  Springs,  Vermont _ •69 

Modus  Operandlof  Mineral  Waters. a8 

Montgomery  White  Sulphur,  Virginia 170 

Montvale  Springs,  Tennessee 197 

Newberry  Springs,  New  York 147 

Newburg  Springs,  Vermont 969 

New  London  Alum  Springs,  Virginia 18I 

New  River  White  Sulphur,  Vir^nia 114 

New  York  Springs 919-954 

Ocean  Springs,  Mississippi 919 

Ohio  White  Sulphur.  Ohio. .". 188 

Olympian  Springs,  Kentucky 185 

Oregon,  Springs  ot 978 

PavUion  Spring,  Saratoga. 993 

Periods  Car  the  Use  of  Mfaieral  Waten. 47 

Periods  of  the  Year  lor  Visiting  Springs. 57 

Perry  County  Spring,  Pennsylvania 964 

Prepiarations  for  Use  of  White  Sulphur,  etc. 84 

Prescribing  Mineral  Waters 50-55,999 

Pulaski  Alum  Springs,  Virginia. 174 

Pulse,  Effects  of  White  Sulphur,  etc 86 

Putnam  Spring,  Saratoga. 993 

Rawley  Springs,  Virginia 154, 

Red  Sulphur  Springs,  Virginia. m 

Reed's  Springs,  New  Yoi*. „ 936 

Resemblance  of  some  Mineral  Waters  to  Mercury  in  thdr  Effects    35 

RichAeld  Springs,  New  Vorit 944 

Roanoke  Red  Sulphur,  Virginia. 164 

Robertson's  Springs,  Tennessee 196 

Rochester  Springs,  Kentucky 184 

Rochester  Springs,  New  York '. >  948 

Rockbridge  Alum  Springs,  Virginia ..»  141 

Rockbridge  Baths,  Virginia. , 15© 

Routes  to  West  Virginia  and  Virginia  Springs _    61 

Saline  and  Gaseous  Efficacy  of  White  Sulphur  Waters. 71 


•94  INDEX. 

MivAtion  from  Su)|4iur  Waten 36 

Salt  Sulphur  Sprlnip,  Virginia «  109 

Saratoga  Alum,  Saratoga tas 

Saratoga  Waters,  how  to  be  used,  etc > ■34 

Schooley'f  Mountnin  Springs,  New  Jersey vj\ 

Sharon  Springs,  New  York t74 

Shocco  Springs,  North  CaroliiM •(>• 

Silk  important  as  a  Dress 45 

Springs  in  New  Mexico,  etc vn-*%y 

SI.  Louis  Magnetic  Springs,  Michigan 19a 

Siribling's  Springs,  Virginia 151 

Sweet  Chalybeate,  or  Red  Sweet,  Virginia lai 

Sweet  Springs,  Virginia. lis 

Sjmoniit  of  Importani  Factt  in  the  Use  of  While  Sulphur  Water..  87 

Talhihatla  Sprinn,  Alabama 009 

Tale's  Springs,  Tennessee 198 

Thermolisalion  of  Mineral  Waters 131 

Thermallsaiion  Table  of  Mineral  Waters a84 

Union  Springs,  Saratoga aa3 

Variety  Springs,  Virginia «....  151 

Vermont  Springs,  Vermont a69 

Verona  Sprinn,  New  York 048 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia  Sprinp 59 

Warm  and  Hot  Bathing,  Cautions,  etc aoi 

Warm  and  Hot  Springs,  North  Carolina aoo 

Warm  Springs,  Bath  County,  Virginia 134 

Warm  Springs,  French  Brood,  Tennessee 199 

ao6 

~~  «9<> 

I  Carolina. 004 

White  Cfeek~Sprinn,  Tennessee 196 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  North  Carolina. ao3 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  West  Virginia 6a 

Williamstown  Spring,  South  Carolina aos 

Winchester  Springs,  Tennessee 196 

Yellow  Springs,  Ohio... 189 

Yellow  Springs,  Pennsylvania a66 

Yellow  Sulphur  Springs,  Virginia 171 

York  Springs,  Pennsylvania. a63 


INDEX  TO  CARDS. 


Coleman  ft  Rogen'  Huimrier  uid  Mineral  Water 

Baliimore  

Getlytburg  Springs,  Pennsylvania    . 

Hollins  Institute,  Viiginia  .  .  .  . 

Jordon  Rockbridge  Alum  Sprinp,  Viiginia      . 

HotSprinpof  Ariouisai  .     •      ,  , 

Levy  Brothers,  Merchants,  Richmond         , 

Massanetta  Springs,  Virginia      .... 

Montvale  Springs,  Tennessee  . 

Piedmont  ft  Arlington  Lifc  Insurance  Co.,  Richmond 

Rawley  Springs,  Virginia       .... 

Roanoke  College,  Virginia         .... 

StieTs  Pianos 

Sweet  Chalybeate  l^n-ings,  Virginia 

Wade  ft  Boykin,  Druggists,  etc.,  Baltimore 

Warm  ^ngs,  Virginia  .  .  .  . 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  West  Virginia        .  . 

VeUow  Sulphur  ^;>rings,  Virginia 


Dcpoti 


(«) 


s 

7 
I 

9 
IS 
IS 

IS 
«4 
1$ 
1« 

«7 
>S 

J» 

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■I 

aa 


COLEMAN  &  BOaEBS' 

Pharmacy  and  Mineral  Water 

DEPOT, 

178  W,  BALTIMORE  ST., 
BALTIMORE,  MD. 


OUR  STOCK  BMBRACB8  A  FULL  LINE  OF 

PURE   DRUGS 

Rare  PHARMACEUTICAL  PREPARATIONS, 
OHBMIO^LS,  Etc.    ' 

AUO, 

NATUEAL  MINERAL  WATERS 


MOST  POFVI<AK  HBDICIHAI.  IPBIirOS 


n 


France,  Germany,  and  the  United  States. 


OMh  Oidea  MUoited,  and  MrtiiawtioB  gBuutaed. 
*6  (3) 


^U^S^ 


^"  J^^->    '     -     r-C''      4    >-tM 


TIHEI 


Gettysburg  Katalysine  Wafer. 


Dr.  John  Bell,  author  of  » lUmdard  medical  work  on  Mineral 
Springe,  eaye  of  it:— 

"The  OettTsburg  WaUr  hae  produced  aignally  ouraUTe  and 
realoratiTC  cffecU  in  diiferent  formi  of  Dyspepaia,  Sickncas  of 
the  Stomach.  Heartburn,  Water-brash,  Acute  Neuralgic  Pains, 
Loss  of  Appetite,  Chronic  Diarrhcea,  Torpid  Lirer,  Gout, 
Chronic  Rbaumatism,  Nodosities  of  the  Joints.  Approaching 
and  Actual  Paralysis,  Diabetes,  Kidney  Disease.  QraTel."  etc. 

Dr.  J.  J.  Moorman,  resident  Physician  at  the  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  ?rofessor  of  the  Washington  Medical  Unirersity  at 
Baltimore,  and  author  of  one  of  the  best  works  on  the  use  of 
Mineral  Waters,  writes  :— 

"That  as  a  solTcnt  of  the  nrelic  concretions  In  rhenmatism 
and  gout,  it  promises  to  Uke  a  high  rank  among  the  medicinal 
springs  of  Burope  nnd  America.    This  solvent  power  is  not 
•laimod,  that  I  am  aware  of.  in  behalf  of  any  other  mineral 
water  or  medical  agent. " 
The  Hew  York  Mtdieia  Rnori  editoriaUy  says:— 
"  Wo  have  also  seen  eases  of  albuminuria  mneh  roliered  by 
it,  as  well  as  (he  irritable  bladder  of  old  age  and  calculous  dis- 
orders of  the  lithic  acid  diatheeis.    Prom  experiments  sjade  on 
oar  own  person,  an  well  as  others,  we  can  sUte  that  the  Oet- 
tysbarg  Water  is  a  rognlator  of  all  the  secretions  and  excretions: 
Limdfr  iU  iniuenee  the  kidneys  and  liver,  the  glaada  of  the  in> 
Vtestinal  canal  and  the  skin,  ail  perform  their  normal  fuugtions  { 
I  the  bowels,  if  constipated,  become  regular;  the  skin,  if  dry, 
beeemee  moist;  the  torpid  Uver  is  excited  to  healthy  aetioa, 
and  the  kidneys  perform  their  IVnietione  with  pesCsetregnbrity. 
There  is  a  total  abeenee  of  any  disagreeable  aensaUon  vbaterer ; 
the  vis  medicatrix  seems  roused  to  inereaaed  aeUvity,  nnd  all 
morbid  eaoaas  of  bodily  or  even  mental  disorder  seem  rapidly 
to  pass  away.    The  result  is— increased  appetite  and  digeeUon, 
freer  circulation,  a  stronger  palse,  a  calmer  mind,  a  more  tran- 
quil sleep,  a  clearer  complexion,  and  an  increasing  nerrons 
and  muscular  power.    .    .    .    Where  gouty  or  rheumatic  per- 
Bons  are  taking  the  Water,  we  «nd  an  extraordinary  quantity  of 
uric  acid  sMretcd  ordeporited  Arom  the  urine;  the  sweat  no 

(4) 


•aaii,;**;.-}*-* 


ineWafer. 


diMl  work  on  Mineral 

■ignally  cumfiTe  and 
Dyspepsia,  Sickneaa  of 
koute  Neuralgic  Pains, 
Torpid  Lirer,  Oout, 
I  Joinia,  Approaching 
Maeaae,  OraTel,"  etc. 

,  at  the  White  Sulphor 
Medical  UniTeraity  at 
It  works  on  the  nae  of 

retions  in  rhenmatism 

I  among  the  medicinal 

soWent  power  is  not 

'  of  any  other  mineml 

Uy  eaya:— 

aria  mnek  relieved  by 
age  and  oalonlous  dia- 
n  experiments  made  on 
lan  aUte  that  the  OeU 
iretions  and  excretions: 
r,  the  glaada  of  the  in- 
their  normal  fuuctioBS  | 
nlar;  the  skin,  if  dry, 
ited  to  healthy  action, 
with  peafoet  regularity, 
hie  aenaation  wbatover ; 
reaaed  activity,  and  all 
1  diaordor  aeem  rapidly 
[  appetite  and  digeation,, 
mer  mind,  a  more  tran- 
an  increasing  nerrono 
louty  or  rheumatle  per> 
ctraordinary  qaantiiy  of 
!•  urine;  the  aweat  no 


longer  contains  this  principle  in- excess,  as  it  generally  does  in 
gouty  subject^;  and  with  proper  attention  to  regimen  and  diet 
the  health  rapidly  improTei,  distorted  limbs  become  straight- 
ened, and  enlarged  joints  gradually  reduced  to  their  natural 
site. 

For  further  reports  from  the  medical  profession,  and  of  won- 
derful cures,  send  for  pamphlets. 

WHITNEY  BROS.,  General  Agents, 

Mr  Bovra  moNt  at.,  puilabblpkxa. 


THE  GETTYSBURG  KATALYSINE  SPRING 

is  situated  near  the  historic  town  of  Gettysbttrg,  Adams  County, 
Pa.    By  an  interesting  coincidence  it  appears  on  the  spot  orer 
which  was  fired  (he  first  gun  in  the  great  and  deciaiTe  battle  of 
our  late  War  of  Rebellion  fought  at  this  place.    All  around  ia 
historic  ground.    Though  a  local  tradition  ascribes  to  this 
Spring  healing  power,  it  was  not  generally  considered  medicinal 
until  after  the  battle.    The  rumor  that  some  of  the  wounded 
eomhaUnts  had  receired  benefit  fronf  the  useof  iU  waters,  cur- 
rent at  Gettysburg  after  the  battle,  induced  resort  to  it  by 
inralids,  with  results  which  can  hardly  find  a  parallel  in  the 
medical  history  of  the  world.    The  establishment  of  a  great 
Spa  had  previously  been  the  work  of  centuries;  but  the  Get- 
tysburg KaUlysine  Spring  leaped,  by  a  single  bound,  fk-om 
obscurity  to  the  foremost  rank  among  modern  medical  sources. 
The  thirteenth  revised  edition  of  the  United  Slates  Dispensa^ 
tory  classes  this  American  Spring  of  yesterday  with  the  re- 
nowned Carbonate  Spas  of  the  Old  Worid,  the  Vichy,  and  the 
Pyrmont,  while  nearly  every  newspaper  and  medical  journal 
of  America  has  chronicled  some  of  iu  wonderftil  cures. 

The  enterprise,  resulting  in  the  erection  of  a  latfe  hotel  at 
this  Spring,  was  suggested  by  the  published  correspondence  of 
Governors  Curtin  and  Geary,  and  of  General  Meade,  which 
commended  it  as  eminently  national  and  philanthropic.  It 
was  afterwards  indorsed  by  the  subjoined  appeal  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  National  Congress  : — 

"  The  undersigned,  deeply  impressed  with  the  wonderful  cura- 

(5) 


; 


|W 


tiv*  BTodin  which  ftppean  on  the  b»Ule-«eld  of  GettTtbnrg, 
rad  innSg  that  It ».  the  design  of  pnWio-.p«rited  oitfiene  to 
atiliiethie  fre»t  di«ooTeOr  in  the  cause  of  medical  ■«  «»«•••"* 
in  the  inlereut  of  humenity.  by  erecting  in  the  Tioini«y  »  hotel 
for  the  enterininment  of  the  effllcted  of  our  own  »nd  other 
eountriea  who  may  seek  here  their  lost  health,  and  of  the  patri- 
otic pilgrims  to  these  holy  grounds,  deem  it  lu  be  our  duty  to 
.  commend  the  proposed  enterprise  as  eminently  philanthropic 
and  praiMWorlhy. 


m.T88K8  xmoiTB, 

W.  P.  FE88KNDSM. 
«.  D.  MOBOAN, 
KOBOOK  CONKIiOfO, 
I.  A,  PLAMI8, 
■.ILaOKLST, 
JOHN  TRIUBlC, 
N.  B.  JVDD. 
H.  I.  DAWKS, 
VM.  MOOBR, 
H.  W.  OOBBBTT, 
B.  r.  KICK, 
J.  A.  aARPIXLD, 
JOHN  A.  MKIAN, 
OBANOB  nRBISS, 
J.  a.  BliAINB, 
B.  F.  BOPKIIIB, 
0.  D.  HVBBARD, 
W.  B.  WA8HBVRN, 
B.  F  WADS. 
flCHinrLKB  OOUTAZ, 
0BBI8  8.neRRT, 
HBNRY  WIUIOM, 
1..  M.  IfOBRILIi, 
JOHN  OOVODB, 

0AKE8  AMIS, 

OODLOVB  8.  ORTH. 
JOHN  OOBVRN, 
JOHN  TAPFR, 

w.  a.  OOP?  IN, 

B. «.  BCItKR, 
W.  B.  8T0KK8, 
J.  W.  McCLUBO, 
CHA8.  WPBO'N,  _ 
WM .  H.  KOONTZ, 
QBO.  liAUKKNCB, 
r.  C.  BBAMAN, 
J.  r.  BKNJAMIN, 
JOHN  HItL, 
•     H.  D.  WABHBVRN, 
H.L.CAKIL 
ALBX.  KAH8BT, 
OBO.  H.  WILUAM8, 
MORTON  C.  HVNTXR, 
W.  MrNOBN, 
D.A.NVNN, 
T.D.BMOT, 
DANI..J.  MOBBBLL, 
W.  H.  HOOPER, 
AMA8A  COBB, 
B.T.IAAN, 

(«) 


B.  XCI0I.B8T0N, 
0.  A.  NBWCOMB, 
W.  WILUAM8L 
H.  B.  ANTHOMT, 
J.  B.  HBNDBR80N, 
J.  M.  HOWABD, 
M.  WKIiKKR, 
W.  8PRA0CIB. 
A.H.1.APIJH.    „ 
H.  VAN  ABBNAM, 
OKO.  P.  VAN  WTfCk, 
\rU.  HIOBT, 
T.  W.FBBRT,   ^^ 

LI7KB  P.  POLAND, 
r.  B.  TROWBRIDGX, 

WM.  A.  PILB, 

QEO.  W.  AMDKR80N, 

WM.  tOUOHRlDOX, 

J.  J.  ORAVBIiT, 

ROrVB  MALLORT, 

R.  P.  BUCKLAND. 

JA8. 8.  MARVIN, 

P.  8T0NB,        

RICHARD  TATB8, 

HORACB  MATNARD. 

A.  H.  BAItKT, 

R.  W.  OLARKB, 

GEO.  W.  JUUAM, 

eHA8.0'NKIIiL, 

B1TRT  VAN  HORN, 

WM.  M.  8TBWART, 

GEO.  M.  ADAMS, 

W.  H.  KEL8ET, 

B.M.BOTBR,     

OHAS.  8IT0RRAYXB, 

JOHN  BBATTT, 

o.  r  Mnuut. 

0. 1.  HOLBORa. 
WM.  D.  BXIiUtt. 
J.I.WIMON, 
J.  K.MOOBnaRAD, 
GBO.  A.  HAL8BT, 
T.  VAN  HORN, 
JAMK8  W.  NT1L 

r.  T.  raiuNGHtnrBXN, 

OBOROB  VI0KXB8, 
W.  ft  UNCOMt,       _^„ 
JAMEBM-CAVANACGH, 
8IDMRT  CLARKX, 
JACOB  BBNTON. 


e-fleld  of  GettTtburg, 
;io-8p1rlt«d  oitiieni  to 
r  medioMl  leienoo,  tnd 
in  the  Tioinity  »  hotel 
f  our  own  Mid  other 
lallb,  and  of  the  p»tri- 
D  it  lu  be  our  dutj  to 
linentl/  phiUnthropio 


LV8T0N, 

BWCOMB, 

LUAMS, 

OTHONT. 

■NDIR80H, 

lOWABD, 

liKER, 

lAOCi. 

.AriJK. 

K  AKBNAH, 

.  VAN  WTfCk, 

IIOBT, 

rKBRT, 

P.  l>OlAND, 
KOWBBIOOB, 
,.  PILK, 
r.  ANDSRSON, 
OirOBRlDOK, 
RAVBIiT, 
i  HALIiORT, 
WCKhAVm. 
.  MARVIN, 
iNB, 

IRD  TATW, 
CI  MATNARP. 
BAILET, 
OLABKK, 
W.  JUUAM, 
,  CNKILL, 
'  VAN  HORN, 
B.  8TBWART, 
M.  ADAMS, 

KKL8ET, 

.BITORhAYXB, 
t  BBATTT, 
HILUUt. 
aVhVGKD, 
D.BXliUtT, 

irnaoN. 

MOOSniKAD, 
A.  HAL8CT, 
,N  HORN. 

IS  w.nyX 
raiuNGHtnrBXN, 

tOB  VI0KXB8, 
UNOOLN,       _^„ 
SB  M.  CAVANAVGH, 
lET  CLARKl, 
>B  BBKTOH. 


',1 

■9 

I 


HOLLINS  INSTITUTE, 

Botetourt  Springs, 
ROANOKE  COUNTY,  VIRGINIA. 

COL.  GEORGE  P.  TALOE, 
BretUetU  of  HVt—t^ea. 

CHARLES  L.  COCKE,  A.M., 


BOARD  OF  INSTRUCTION  AND  GOVERNMENT. 

SEHenOiy    1873-73. 

JOSEPH  A.  TURNER,  M.A.,  Modern  Languagei,  Ethic*,  and  EngtUh, 

CHARLES  L.  COCKE,  A.M.,  Mathematict  and  Chapel  Exerclm. 

MISS  BEHIE  D.  FOWLKES,  Painting,  Drawing,  and  Mathemaiici. 

MADAME  A.  BUTTEI^  Cotloqulal  French  and  German. 

MISS  JULIA  PORCHER,  Imtreniental  Music  and  Vacatlatlon. 

MISS  SALLY  BROWNE  RYLAND,  Preparaiery  School. 

MRS.  SUSANNA  V.  COCKE,  Dometiic  Departmeet. 

WM.  H.  PLEASANT,  Ancient  Languages,  History,  and  Science. 

AUGUST  BUHEL,  Director  of  Music  Department  and  Piano. 

MISS  SALLY  L  COCKE,  Ungeage*  and  English. 

MISS  ROSA  P.  COCKE,  Langvage*  and  History. 

MISS  CYNTHIA  McGAVOCK,  Instrumental  Music  and  Singing. 

MRS.  MARY  L  SLOAN,  Superintendent  ef  Music-Rooms. 

MRS.  H.  R.  McVEIGH,  Matron. 

MRS.  FANNY  THOMAS,  Matron. 


■ 


In  thb  iDiUtate  thnra  are  nine  DepartmenU  of  iBitrwUon :— I.  liwUih  Len- 
nac*  ud  Utoratare.  II.  Anolunt  Laoguagw  anil  Utoratora.  IlfT  Modem 
UiiciMseiaDdLlteratarajirreiKhandOeriiian).  IV.  Mathematlos.  V.  Natural 
Boleoew.  VI- MenUI  and  Moral  Mano*.  VII.  Hlntory.  VIU.  Moilo.  IX. 
Dcawlnc  and  Painllnt- 

Tha  losrituta  Is  well  providod  with  Huleal  Initrnmesti,  inoladlns  flflean 
PtenoB,  Onan,  ate..  Chemical  and  Philoaophleal  Apparatus,  MInerair  Maiw. 
j«o.  Beariona  open  aboot  tha  1Mb  of  BmitNulwr,  and  oonUnna  m<n«  moatha. 
PeplU  mar  oooM  Id  at  any  »ason  of  the  year,  and  remain  thnmahont  the 
period  of  their  achool-daye,  {nclndlng  TaeatioDt.  Purenta  of  tmiMa  mro 
•MfANf  during  tiimmter  at  moderaca  out.  J~.f~  -" 

This  place,  brrowly  known  as  "Joknaton^M  amrtmat,"  ha*  not  laea 

!!2?*"i!t.?"?"".'Jf***!:''V-'^""""'"  """y  y«n^»he  premise.  baTlng 
been  wliolly  devoted  to  ieho<irpnrpo*«a.  It  Is,  howemr,  a  deligh  tftil  BumiHor 
Xeatdameti,  eqjojing  tha  adTantngea  of  mineral  watera,  and  a  ftw  oidarl* 
people  are  received  as  private  boarder*  daring  anrnmrr. 

«r  POBT-OI'I'XCX,  Bototourt  Bprince,  Va. 

BBPOT.  Balem.  Vs.  *  Tonn.  B.B. 
26*  (7) 


■f 


I 

'   3 


JOBBON  BOCKBBIDGE 

Alum  Springs, 

Rockbridge  County.  Virginia. 


Theie  Springs  are  8  milM  from  Oothen  D^pot,  on  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railroad,  from  which  point  Coaehei 
run  regularly  over  a  good  road  to  and  from  the  Springs  in 
connection  with  the  Cars. 

The  improvements  here  are  entirely  new,  and  embrace 
the  moidern  conveniences  for  comfortable  accommodations. 

The  principal  Hotel,  in  addition  to  Potion,  DMng-Romm, 
Ball-Room,  etc.,  contains  upwards  of  one  hundred  Chambers, 
all  newly  furnished,  for  the  accommodation  of  families  or 
individuals.  There  are  also  Cottag*  accommodations  outside 
the  Hotel. 

jtf^  In  addition  to  the  Alum  Wateri,  whose  medicinal 
waters  are  too  well  known  to  make  it  necsssary  to  speak  of 
them  here,  there  is  on  the  grounds  one  of  the  strongest  and 
best  Chalybtatt  Sp>mg*  of  the  country,  which,  as  a  *•««<  and 
po»trM  tank,  is  well  deserving  the  attention  of  Spring  visi- 
tors. There  is  also  within  visiting  distance  from  the  Hotel 
another  Spring,  known  as  "  lo^htu  and  Ahm  Wo/w,"  which 
possesses  valuable  medicinal  powers,  and  some  peculiar  to 
Uself,  and  which  will  be  constantly  kept  fresh  at  the  Hotel  for 
the  use  of  visitors.  The  waters  of  this  Spring  are  not  only 
adapted  to  the  cure  of  the  various  diseases  commonly  cured  by 
Alum  "Waters,  but  also,  from  its  peculiar  and  highly  AUvatt»* 
composition,  to  be  a  reliable  remedy  in  other  cases  wherein 
these  waters  are  uncertain  or  inefOicient. 

(9>  Facilities  for  Reereation  and  Amutment  usually  found 
at  fashionable  Watering-Places  will  be  found  here. 

§gr  Poit-Offief,  known  as  "Alum  Sprmgi,"  is  kept  in 
the  Hotel. 

■0>  During  the  season  an   Office  of  the  Western  Union 
TeUgrapk  Co.  will  also  be  kept  in  tie  Hotel,  oommunicating 
with  all  parU  of  the  world. 
(8) 


ING8. 

'irgtfiia. 


§htH  D^ot,  on  the 
hioh  point  Coaehtt 
■cm  the  Springs  in 

new,  and  embrace 
accommodations. 

'arlor$,  Bming-Room, 
hundred  Chamber*, 
tion  of  families  or 
mmodations  outside 

(,  whose  medicinal 
lecessary  to  speak  of 
if  the  strongest  and 
hich,  as  a  dirtet  and 
tion  of  Spring  vlsi- 
nce  from  the  Hotel 
Alum  Water,"  which 
id  some  peculiar  to 
resh  at  the  Hotel  for 
Spring  are  not  only 
commonly  cured  by 
and  highly  AUerali»e 
other  cases  wherein 

iM«m«ii(  usually  found 
rand  here. 

Spring*,"  is  kept  in 

of  the  M'eetem  Union 
otel,  communicating 


LEIIY  JTHERS. 

THE   LARGEST 

DE7aOODS  HOUSE 


IM    THE    STATE!, 


Nos.  1017  and  1019  Main  Street. 
RIGHMOND,  VA. 


TERMS  CASH. 

ONE    PRICE    AND    NO    DETIATIOM. 


Purchasing  their  goods  direct  from  the  im- 
porters, manufacturers,  and  at  the  auction 
trade  sales,  enable  them  to  offer  extra  induce- 
ments to  purchasers  of  dry  goods. 

Prompt  attention  given  to  orders. 

For  particulars  read  daily  papers  published 
in  Richmond,  Petersburg,  and  Lynchburg. 


MASSANETTA  SPRINGS, 


ROCKINQHAM  COUNTY,  VA. 


;<i!ii 


Th«  Wfttar  from  the  Afut  or  Taylor' »  Spring,  Ukun  tX  the 
Spring,  liu  had  hitiorio  fame  for  Tery  many  yearn  fnr  e^proinl 
and  tpeeille  powers  in  all  ohronio  diieaaes  originating  in  ma- 
laria, aaoh  as  Agu*  and  Fiver,  Knlargtmtnlt  of  the  l.ivn  and 
8pl*tn,  Chrunio  InflaBimntion*  of  tho  Bronchia,  Stomach,  Kiditty$, 
BowoU,  BlatttUr,  elo.  eio.,  originating  in  Ague  and  Fever,  Yellow, 
CongesliTS,  and  Bilious  Fevers. 

The  Water  is  soft,  mneilaginoas,  and  a  more  safe,  pleasant, 
and  sure  remedy  at  the  Spring  than  Quinine.  /(  b$ut»  thipmenl 
wtU  We  beliere  it  to  be  antidotal  to  Miasmatic  Poison ;  and,  if 
drunk  in  any  swamp  or  miasmatic  loeality,  a  preventive  of 
malarial  diseases. 

For  Dyspepsia,  the  Baohitie  and  Caoheotie  diseases  of  Chil- 
dren ;  in  Scrofula,  Diphtheria.  Scurvy,  and  in  Womb  and  Vene- 
real diseases,  the  combined  Ulcer  and  Ague  Water  is  a  charming 
remedy. 

For  cost,  carriage,  etc.  of  transporled  Waters,  address 

B.  CHRISMAN,  President, 

nOCKtmiUAM  OOVWTT,  TA. 

(la) 


11^ 


■:ft"Sa»S.^,«5SR?)»^SS3fl>&j:>l=?v.S^ 


:--:!m'pU"-9i' — 


PRINGS. 


ilTT,  VA. 


I  Spring,  Uk«B  at  the 
lanjr  yearn  for  e^proial 
*ta  originating  in  id«> 
ntnti  of  tha  Aiv«r  and 
icAuz,  Slomaek,  Kidntj/t, 
Lgna  and  Fever,  Yellow, 

A  more  lafe,  pleaeanl, 
nine.  /( btutt  ihipment 
Minatic  Poiaon ;  and,  if 
3«Utj,  a  preTenlive  of 

heolie  diaaaaea  of  Chil- 
tnd  in  Womb  &nd  Vena- 
;ae  Water  ia  a  oharming 


i  Watara,  addreaa 

isident, 

rOBAM  COVMTT,  TA. 


B/ounf  County,  East  Tennessee. 


This  farorite  Summer  Reaort  ia  26  milea  louth  of  KnoxvilU, 
in  a  aequeitered  valley,  almoat  enoiroled  by  lofly  apurs  of  the 
"  CkilhowHf'  Mountain,  which  here  emboaom  a  valley  of  aur- 
paaaing  lovelineaa,  in  which  these  Springs  have  Iheir  source. 
Their  elevation  ia  1400  feet  above  the  level  of  the  aaa. 

The  remarkable  power  of  these  W»tera  in  the  «nre  of  fkino- 
tional  deraugementa  of  the  £iv«r,  JiowtU,  KithuyB,  and  Skin, 
and  indeed  of  Cfkronie  Diuattt  generally,  fully  attests  their  high 
medicinal  propertiea,  and  baa  long  made  them  a  place  of  large 
public  reaort. 

f0r  All  the  aeetuoriu  for  B*ertatiom  and  AmuMtntnl  usually 
found  at  flMhionable  Watering-Plaoea  will  be  found  hara. 

|0r  RovTi. — Visitors  to  MontvaU  will  necessarily  pass  over 
the  Etut  TVniMMM  and  Virginia  or  the  Georgia  Railroad,  making 
the  city  of  Kn^rvilU  a  point ;  thence  by  way  of  the  Knozville 
and  Charleston  Railroad  to  Marytvillf,  16  miles;  ttoxa  which 
place  they  are  conveyed  in  Coaches,  running  in  connection  with 
the  Traina,  to  tha  Spriaga,  t>  milaa  diatant. 

tSF'  '^^*  Springe  will  be  open  for  the  reception  of  Tiaitora 
on  the  16th  of  May,  and  kept  in  a  atyle  worthy  of  the  patronage 
of  a  discriminating  public. 

H^  For  PampUtt*  containing  Analyn*  and  general  daacrip- 
tioD  of  the  Watara,  addreaa 

JOSEPH  L.  KING,  ' 

Montvale  8priii(|a,  Eaat  Tenneaaee. 
(»3) 


ifi^mm?^ 


"I  i 


FISDUOMTANDARUNOTON 

'Wm  Insurance  ^;OMPANY, 

noMW  orriom, 


W.  C.  CA««moTOM.  PrtiUtHl.  V.J.  H/.«t«ook,  SicrtUty 

Jl.  C.  Haktcook,  C—kltr. 


I.  E.  f.DiiKmot.yk'fPn$i4Unl.  JL  J-  HoiKim,  Auhianf  Sttrtbtr). 

Prof.  B.  B.  Smith,  Actmmy. 


Aaaul  iBOoaM  «?w  Om  aal  a  QurUr  Xmien  Sdlan. 

PoUolM  Libcna  and  iroa-Vorfcltebl*.    X<oaMs  below  th« 
▲▼•rac*  of  othor  like  Oompaalea. 


■MMl  JRrfialM  <«aMM(i 

Thii  Company  hH  eondueted  ita  btti*inefs  at  a  Smallis 
Ratio  or  Expina  to  Iiiooiia  iban  any  otbar  Company  of  aama 
aga  in  Amarioa. 

Jnat  and  liberal  daalinn  with  all  iU  polieyboldara,  prompt- 
aeaa  in  paying  olaima,  and  the  apaoial  adrantagaa  it  praaenta 
to  patrona,  liave  aaoured  to  tlia  Company  unaqualad  aneoaaa, 
and  guarantaa  ita  continued  proaperity. 

Surplua  divided  annually  among  polioy-holdera.  Retiring 
poliey-holdera  dealt  with  liberally. 

1 100,000  depoaitad  with  Treaaurer  of  Virginia,  and  in  other 
Statea,  for  additional  aeeurity  of  polioy-holdert. 

The  Company  haa  eomplied  with  the  requirements  of  the 
Inauranoe  Dcparimenia  of  New  York,  Ohio,  California,  Ken- 
tucky, etc.  No  other  Southern  Life  Company  baa  eatabliahed 
ilaelf  in  New  York. 

«0  OOMPAIT  OAV  OVni  tVPIBXOE  AOTAKTAOM . 

Over  18.700  Polioies  iaauod  to  Maroh  1. 1878. 

(i4) 


UNOTON 

IIJOMPANY, 


.■nooK,  Sier*l»r9. 
•Kim,  AiiliiaiU  SttrtUny. 
kunooii,  C—kltr. 

•r  XUllen  IMlMf. 


XtoiMi  balow  th« 
apMilM. 

«  •/  lAft  m»A  Wt»4*m- 
t. 

UHinefS  at  a  Bmallib 
itbar  Company  of  tuia 


{>oHo]r-bold«ri,  prompt- 
ftdvknUgM  it  pr«Mnti 
a  J  uaaqualcd  aaeoaM, 


liojr-holdara.    Ratiring 

r  Virgiaia,  ud  in  othar 
boldara. 

ta  raqairamanta  of  tha 
Ohio,  Californl*.  Ken- 
mpany  hM  aitabliahad 

[OB  ADTAVTAOM. 
Kuroh  1. 1878. 


ROCKIHGHAM  COUNTY. 

11  MILEf  FROM  HARIIISOIIBVBC),  TA. 


Wa  announea  to  tha  Spring-going  publio  thai  thaia  Springa, 
■o  long  and  favorably  known  for  thoir  afflcaoy  )n  tha  traatment 
of  a  larga  oirela  of  diaaaaaa,  will  ba  opan  for  tha  Saaaon  of 
1878  on 

XHK  FIRST   DAY   OF  JTTIVK. 

Thaaa  Watera  hava  long  bean  ragardad  aa  tha  ttronful  and 
mott  fortuniHtly  eompcundtd  Watera,  Ihat  are  ditHnelly  ehalyb*ait 
in  oharactar, — tha  union  of  other  Taluabla  madloinal  ingradianta 
with  tha  iron  making  tham  not  only  aetuatig  Tonie,  but  alao 
highly  Alltrativ4  in  their  atfaota. 

tB^  The  naual  facilitiaa  for  Ammtmmt  and  BMrmtioH  found 
at  faahionabla  Wataring-Plaoea  gaafrally,  will  ba  found  hare. 

Svary  proper  effort  will  be  made  to  make  our  gueata  oomfort- 
abla,  and  to  inaura  tha  continuanoa  of  tha  larga  patroaaga  the 
Springa  have  heretofore  aqjoyad. 


OHARQES  FOR  THE  SEASON. 

Board  par  month    .... 
"      ••  week      .... 

"      "day 
Children  and  Sarvanta,  KaifyriM. 


$60.00 

16.00 

2.60 


1^  Rvwltji  may  ba  reached  eonveniantly  f^m  tha  Nortk  and 
EMt  by  tha  Maaaaaar  Gap  Railroad  to  HarrUonburg;  and  from 
tha  South  and  Wut,  flrom  AaimloM,  via  Hmrruonimf. 

t^  OrnnHuttt  will  run  flrom  tha  Springa  daily,  la  coaaae- 
tioa  with  tha  Railroad  Can. 

A.  B.  IRICH, 


J.  N.  WOODWARD,  Sup«rintond«nt. 
Afra,  1878. 


(iS) 


wmfsmm 


ROANOKE  COLLEGE, 


s-a.XjEi:m:,^-a.. 

AwMiMi  tssa. 


Th«  Aaaul  8«Mi«iis  mbbmim  ob  tb*  Tint  WedneidKr  in  8«p- 
tomber,  ud  oIom  the  TUrA  WadiiMday  in  Jane. 

■  COURSE  OF  STUDY. 

The  thorough  and  comprehensive  curriculum,  extending 
orer  a  period  of  four  vears,  embraces  the  following: — Classr 
oal,  Oriental,  and  ifodern  Languages,  Bnglish  Language, 
Belles-Lettrei,  History,  and  Literature,  Moral  and  Intellect- 
ual Philosophy,  Mathematics,  Natural  Sciences,  International 
Law,  Politioal  Economy,  with  Lectures  on  Physiology  and 
Hygiene. 

LOCATION. 

In  point  of  location  Boanoke  College  challenges  com- 
parison witii  any  other  institution  in  America.  The  Boanoke 
Vall^,  in  which  it  k  situated,  is  unsurpassed  for  iU  fertility, 
beautmil  mountain  scenery,  equable  temperature,  general 
heAltbfulness,  and  freedom  irom  malarious  diseases.  Salem, 
the  most  thriving  town  in  Southwest  Virginia,  is  immedi- 
ately on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Railroad,  and  at 
the  junction  of  tbt  Valley  Bailroad,  now  under  contract. 

EXPENSES. 

tST  The  Bxpenaei  for  a  Session  of  tbv  mohthb  (including 
Tuition,  Board,  Fuel,  Lights,  Washing,  etc.)  are  about  $200. 
A  slight  advance  on  this  estimate  must  be  made  for  student* 
boarding  in  private  families.  Full  details  given  in  the  annual 
catalogue. 

20r  The  Um  price  of  hoard  ($10  to  $14  per  month),  cons»- 

Snent  upon  the  abundance  of  the  countiy,  enables  this  Instttu- 
ion  to  educate  young  men  on  more  reasonable  terms  than  are 
offered  by  any  other  Institution  of  high  grade  in  the  South. 

f9>  The  unsnrpaiaed  advantaget  of  Boanoke  College 
have  gained  for  it  a  wide  and  rapidly  increasing  popularity, 
students  being  in  attendance  annually  ttoiafomrt«m  to  ngktMm 
States  and  Territories. 

Persons  desiring  MIer  information  are  referred  to  Dr. 
J.  J.  Moorman,  Physician  to  White  Sulphur  Sprinp,  and 
Lecturer  on  Physiology  and  Hygiene  in  Boanoke  College. 

For  Catalogues  and  farther  particulars,  address 

Rev.  D.  F.  BITTLE,  D.D.,Pre8't. 

(i6) 


LLEGE, 


STIEFFS  PIANOS. 


^JL. 


tt  WediiMd»7  in  8«p- 
niMf  in  Jane. 

►Y. 

irriculum,  extending 
)  following: — Classi- 
Knglish  Language, 
Moral  and  Intellect- 
iiences,  International 
i  on  Physiology  and 


ege  challenges  com> 
erica.  The  Boanoke 
aesed  for  its  fertility, 
«mperature,  general 
HIS  diseases.  Salem, 
(Virginia,  is  immedi- 
)hio  Railroad,  and  at 
w  under  contract. 


IV  MOHTHS  (including 
etc.)  are  about  $200. 
be  made  for  student* 
Is  given  in  the  annual 

14  per  month),  cons»- 
',  enables  this  Instttu- 
anable  terms  than  are 
trade  in  the  Sooth, 
of  Boanoke  College 
icreasing  popularity, 

Om  fOHttMH  to  eifktMH 

\  are  referred  to  Dr. 
lulphur  Springs,  and 
Boanoke  College, 
are,  address 

rE,  D.D.tPres't. 


Upwards  of  fifty  First  Premiums,  Gold  sod  Silrer 
Medals,  were  awarded  to  Charles  M.  Stieff  for  the 
best  Piano,  in  competition  with  all  the  leading  manu- 
facturers in  the  country. 

Office  and  Warerooms,  No.  9  N.  Liberty  Street, 
Baltimore,  Md. 

The  superiority  of  the  XJnriTaled  Stieff  Piano-Forte 
is  conceded  by  all  who  have  compared  it  with  others. 
In  their  New  Grand  Square  Scale,  seven  and  one-third 
Octaves,  the  manufacturer  has  succeeded  in  making 
the  most  perfect  Piano-Forte  possible. 

Prices  will  be  found  as  reasonable  as  consistent  with 
thorough  workmanship. 

A  large  assortment  of  second-hand  Pianos  always 
on  hand,  from  (75  to  $300. 

We  are  agents  for  the  celebrated  Burdett  Cabinet, 
Parlor,  and  Church  Organs,  all  styles  and  prices,  to 
suit  every  one ;  guaranteed  to  b«  fiilly  equal  to  any 
made. 

Send  for  illustrated  catalogue  containing  the  names 
of  over  1500  Southerners,  600  of  whom  are  Virginians, 
SOO  North  Carolinians,  150  East  Tennesseeans,  and 
others  throughout  the  South,  who  have  bought  the 
Stieff  Piano  sinoe  the  dose  of  the  war. 

•7  (17) 


;^*^«i:;""A^23>Ki 


Sweet  Chalybeate  Springs, 

Fonnerly  known  as  ihe  BED  SWEET  SPBINGS, 
Alleghany  Ck>im1y,  Va. 


That*  Spring!,  n  long  ud  tKwvrMs  known  for  their  Tnlnablo 
tMtic  ud  aUeratiw  powors,  boUi  u  s  Bivnuai  and  Bath,  liavo 
boon  nowly  Mid  oomplotoly  rolttod,  with  ooBToniont  nnd  oom- 
fortnblo  Moommodationo  for  400  persona. 

Their  dtnaUon  is  oentnl  in  the  Ortat  /^^rdif  Rtgiom,  being 
16  milao  eonth  of  the  WkiU  Su^hnr,  end  9  miles  from  AtttgkMjf 
Station,  on  the  Chmdptak$  mtd  Ohh  UaOroad. 

They  will  be  open  for  the  Reeeption  of  Visitors,  for  the 

Season  of  1873,  on  the  ist  day  of  June. 
The  Yarioos  Souees  of  Beenttion  and  AmnseineDt, 

eommon  to  the  best-oondaeted  Wntering-PlMOS,  will  be  kept  up 
for  the  Moommodetlon  of  Visitors.  Psrties  suffering  flrom  Dgt- 

Ammmrhmm,  Gtmnl  JMOHf,  ud  espeeinUy  Int^rimU  Oomtmip- 
Hm,  will  ind  the  most  deeided  ud  benefldnl  reontla  following 
the  nse  of  these  Wnters. 

0f  Vnianble  es  these  Waters  are  admitted  to  be  when  need 
as  a  ButMfti  the  great  eharm  of  the  plaee,  pleasnrably,  hygl- 
eideally,  ud  medieintlly,  is  found  in  the  large  Tnetond  JPIwb 
far  /%My«  BaMtf,  ud  in  the  well-arruged  Baown  ud  Tvb 
Baths  of  mj  degree  of*<«iiy«wift»rt  that  may  be  desired. 

Taking  the  BalMv  flMiUUea  here,  all  ud  in  all,  they  are  be- 
lioTod  to  be  equal,  or  superior,  to  uy  elsewhere  to  be  found  in 
the  eountry. 

■^  Arrangemento  hare  been  made  for  the  residenee  at  the 
Springs,  during  the  Season,  of  a  highly-eompetent  Phyridu. 

JOHN  KELLY,  Proprietor. 

(»«) 


Springs, 

XET  SPSIHGS, 
y,  Va. 


>WB  for  their  TBlnabla 
iBAoa  and  Bath,  hvn 
MBTenient  sad  mm- 

4»f«v  Rtfiom,  baing 
milM  flrom  AtttghMnif 

tad. 

Vtoitora,  for  the 

:  day  of  June, 
and  Amusement, 

PlMii,winiMkopiap 
w  rafforiaf  flrom  Dgi- 
mttrrkmm,  Itnar  AUtu, 
3Hj  InetfimU  Cbmiwy 
Mai  raanlta  foUowiag 

littod  to  bo  whoa  mod 
00,  ploaanrably,  kygt- 
o  largo  IntUtd  Aofa 
god  SaowaB  aod  Tub 
may  be  dooirod. 
md  in  all,  they  aro  bo- 
lowhere  to  bo  fooad  is 

r  the  rootdoBOO  at  tho 
MmpotoBt  PhyddoB. 

r,  Proprietor. 


WADE  &  soTimr, 

No.  3  LIBERTY  ST., 


IMPORTERS  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


Sto.  Z3to. 


In  addition  to  oalUng  the  attention  of  Dtttltn  and  Phyrieimt 
to  our  eareftilly  oeleoted  stooli  ii  our  onrrent  buiinoH,  wo  de- 
■ire  to  elioit  the  attention  of  the  general  public  to  Dr.  Wade'a 

Liver  Corrector  and  Dyspepsia  Cure. 

Dr.  Wade,  haring  oied  thia  medieine  with  groat  raooeoa  in 
hia  private  praetiee  for  many  yean,  haa  been  indueed  to  allow 
it  to  bo  put  up  undw  hia  oapoeial  earo  for  general  um  in  tho 
diaeaaea  for  whieh  he  has  inoeoMflilly  preaeribed  it. 

Wo  eonfldently  recommend  a  trial  of  thia  remedy  to  those 
who  aro  aflUeted  with  diseases  of  the  Lwtr  or  Sttmatk,  or  with 
CMSfipatiM  o/Os  BowU,  for  tho  euro  of  which  it  ia  a  prompt, 
safe,  and  reliable  remedy. 

It  ia  /HTsfy  YigtUM*  in  eomposition,  and  f^eo  from  all  aleo- 
hollo  admiiiuro.  It  haa  boon  suooossAiIly  employed  by  many 
of  tho  leading  oitisons  of  this  and  other  States. 

In  addition  to  the  diseases  abore  mentioned,  this  remedy  haa 
boon  Tory  suceossfUly  used  for  the  relief  of  Siek  Htrndackt, 
Jmmdiuj  and  in  biliary  conditions  of  tho  qrstom  goBorally. 

•W  For  sak  by  Druggists  generally.  "«i 


.  I 


WARM    SPRINGS, 

BATH   COUNTY,  VA. 


This  fluBOM  S^  long  distlBgubhad  for  ita  IwnHnu  Smthtng 
faeOUieB,  and  for  Um  ram  of  msay  diMMes  firoporly  trMted  by 
Wurm  BftUiiag,  ii  opan  for  th*  rMtption  of  ViiiUrt. 

Among  the  diseuM  for  the  core  of  whieh  theie  Watem  ham 
long  been  dietingniehed,  we  mention  -Atottk  €hmt,  Xheumalum, 
L^mpkatk  enlargement!,  Parofyut,  Obtlruetioiu  oftht  Linr  Md 
SjOun,  SjfpkUmd  affectiona,  Cutmuout  diaeaaea,  Ntpkritie  and 
CaleHloiw  diaordera,  and  the  Tariooa  chronic  forma  of  Fimtdt 
Ob$trueHoH9. 

The  facilitiea  here  for  ^oient  and  pleaaant  Pool  Bathmo 
are  not  anrpaaaed  in  America.  The  arrangement  of  Pooh  and 
Dnaring-Roomi  tstltmntp  /or  LaHu  eommaada  nniTeraal  ap- 
proTaL 

g^  The  fiteilitiea  for  Amtutmrnttt  naoally  found  at  fMhion« 
able  Watering-PIacea. 


Jl^  Theie  Springe  are  diatant  from  Millboro',  on  the  Che 
peake  and  Ohio  Railroad,  16  milea;  from  CoTlngton,  on  the 
aame  road,  22  milea.  From  both  plaeea,  pleaaant  and  aafe 
OoMktt  ran  over  good  roada  in  connection  with  the  Railroad 
Cara. 

t^  Travelera  firom  the  NorA  ahonld  leaTO  the  Oara  at 
MOIhonf.    Thoae  from  the  Wut,  at  CovbtgUm  or  MOboro'. 

$f^  TtUgrofUt  OiBee  in  Hotel. 

JV  An  experleneed  Phyatciaa  reaidea  at  the  place. 

JS^  PAMPBUTa  forwarded,  by  mail,  on  application. 

JOHN  L.  EUBANK, 

(*») 


''mmm^^^^&Mii§6Mi,^.:^^^^Mr 


INGS, 

,  VA. 


ita  Iweuriotu  Bathinf 
properly  trMtad  by 
rVisiUn. 

)h  theie  Ifateni  hun 
m  Ooul,  XkeumaHim, 
ftfornt  oftkt  Lvttr  and 
eMet,  N^kritie  Mid 
nio  forma  of  FtmmU 

uaat  Pool.  Bathmo 
genent  of  Pooh  and 
niMida  nniTorMkl  ap> 

\j  found  at  fltahion* 


Uboro',  on  the  Che 
D  CoTlngton,  on  tha 
a,  pleaaant  and  aafe 
m  with  the  Railroad 


1  leaTe  the  Gara  at 
Ion  or  MtUlboro'. 


at  the  plaee. 
I  application. 

..  EUBANK, 


>«»«•< 


WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS, 

Greenbrier  County,  W.  Va. 

The  nnderaigned  beg  leare  to  announee  that  these  Springs, 
so  long  oalebrated  for  theirTalnablo  AmnATiTi  Watibs,  their 
charming  summer  climate,  and  the  Urge  and  fashionable  crowds 
that  annually  resort  to  them,  will  be  open  for  the  Season  of 
1878  on  the 

Their  eapaoitj  for  accommodation  is  from  1600  to  2000 
persons. 

1^  Prof.  Bosenberger's  celebrated  Baud  will  be  in  attend- 
ance to  enliren  the  Lawn*  and  Ball-Room. 

19"  Mofutradu  ahd  Faney  Ball*  as  usual  through  tha 
Season. 

1^  An  cztensiTC  Litbbt  for  the  use  of  Visitors. 

HOT  AND  WARM  SULPHUR  BATHS, 

BO  efficacious  in  many  cases,  always  at  the  command  of  the 
Visitor. 

W^  The  Chttaptakt  and  Ohio  RaUroad  is  now  in  excellent 
running  order  to  the  Springs  both  flrom  the  Xa$l  and  Wat. 

19*  A  Teltffrtfk  Liu  is  in  operation  to  the  Springs. 

CHARGES  FOR  THE  SEASON. 

Board  per  day $8.00 

"     "   month  of  80  days  .  .       80.00 

Children  and  Colored  Serrants,  half  price. 
While  Serrants,  according  to  accommodations  fbruished. 

19"  We  haTC  the  pleasure  to  announce  to  those  who  design 
to  visit  the  Springs,  that  Prof.  J.  J.  MoonMAn,  M.D.,  well  known 
as  the  author  of  seTsral  Taluable  books  on  Mibbbai.  Watbbs, 
and  for  86  year«  the  Phtsioum  to  Yhb  Wbitb  SvLrnvB,  will  be 
at  the  Springs  this  summer  in  that  capacity. 

GEO.  L.  PEYTON  &  CO. 

WniTB  SuwBon  Sruxcw,  W.  Va.,  JforcA,  1878. 

(«) 


YELLOW  SULPHUR  SPRINGS, 

Vmht  OhrliUaaitarg^ 
Montgomery  County,  Va. 

Th«M  Springs,  m  long  diitingniihcd  for  their  mUt*  Ibme 
wd  Taloftbl*  AlUnUmtpamn,  will  b«  opM«d  for  Uie  SoMoa  of 
1878  01  m  Finn  sat  or  Juki. 

|9>  Tiio  fMilitioo  for  Annutmnt  and  RMrtatimt  vmomUj 
foond  nt  8nt-elnM  Wntoring^PlMos  will  bo  found  horo. 

t^  TVtgn^hk  nnd  Signtu  linoa  nro  in  oporation  to  tite 
Springs. 

iQr  Bot  mud  Warm  Bath*  oftht  Mineral  Wafr,  M  ooMntinl 
to  many  inTalidt,  at  oommand  of  the  Viiiton. 

ExtendTO  additional  improremenu  aro  now  in  prograu,  to 
bo  oomplotod  by  tbo  eommettocment  of  tlie  aoaton,  among  otberB, 
a  largo  and  eommodioai  Hotii.  with  nit  lh$  modtrH  tiiy>ro««aMiitt. 

The  iramonM  inoroaso  of  risitation  to  this  plaoa  within  the 
laat  fow  yoan  haa  mado  laeh  esieniion  of  our  improTomonts 
a  noeoMity. 

ThoM  Spring!  arito  with  great  boldnon  near  tho  ■ommit 
of  tho  Alloghaaj  Monntain,  more  than  2000  feet  aboTO  the  level 
of  the  Ma,  the  m««I  Onattd  Md  eooU$t  summerrMort  j»  Vwgmia; 
the  elimate  being  aa  ealubrioue,  and  the  air  aa  elaatie  and  in- 
rigorating,  aa  oan  well  be  imagined. 

Am  an  efteient  Timie,  thii  water  haa  maintained  an  nnrar- 
paaeed  repntalion  for  eoTonty  yean.  Aa  an  AUtrmtite  in  many 
ehronie  aneotions,  it  haa  proved  a  bleiaing  to  thonsandt. 

Owing  to  ita  fine  tonio  and  alterative  powen,  iu  therapentio 
applioabilTUea  are  extenalTO,  bat  eapeeiaUy  haa  it  exhibited  ita 
onratire  powers  in  l^^>^$ia,  and  ehronie  aifeotions  of  the 
AbdoKtmal  (kmt);  in  Otiurtil  DMUly  and  Nimtout  Pnutratimt. 
In  various  ohronio  albetions  of  the  Skin,  in  JRAuy  disorders, 
and  in  OUoroik  and  kindred  fimak  ugketioMf  it  has  had  a  very 
large  saoeess. 

Wat  f«r  Ttrntf  whieh  will  be  moderate,  see  our  PampkUt, 
whieh  will  be  sent  on  applieation. 

|0>  JStatrttM  Tiei«u  to  the  plaoe  oan  be  obtained  at  all 
the  prineipal  Railroad  OlBees. 

J.  J.  &  J.  WADE,  Froprieton. 

Tauow  SuLmn  Sruiios,  Va.,  JTsreA,  1878. 
(aa) 


SPRINGS, 


\y,  Va. 


for  their  mUt*  9\mmo 
k«d  for  the  SoMoa  of 

id  iZ«cr«a<iwi  naoftlt/ 

•  found  here. 

e  in  operation  to  the 

'ol  Wattr,  io  eeeentinl 

on. 

«  now  in  progreaa,  to 

MMon,  nmong  otherB, 

t  modtrn  w^irovemtmU, 

this  plMo  within  the 

of  onr  improTomentt 

WIS  nenr  the  lummit 
K)  feet  aboTo  the  level 
wurntort  in  Vwftma ; 
nir  u  elMtie  «id  ia- 

mnintnined  en  anenr> 
m  AUtrmtit*  in  nwny 
g  to  thonsendt. 
«wen,  ite  therapentie 
\j  hat  it  exhibited  ite 
nie  elTeotioni  of  the 
1  Ntnou*  Prottration. 
I,  in  Jr»Auy  diiordera, 
oM,  it  has  lied  n  very 

nte,  see  our  PtmpUtif 

nn  Im  obtnined  »t  all 


LDE,  Froprieton. 

\,  1878. 


*.:»fc,.3;S' 


«••» 


rtiiis'frffss^:?' 


